scholarly journals Early Probiotic Supplementation and the Risk of Celiac Disease in Children at Genetic Risk

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulla Uusitalo ◽  
Carin Andren Aronsson ◽  
Xiang Liu ◽  
Kalle Kurppa ◽  
Jimin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
First Year ◽  
Event Analysis ◽  
Time To Event ◽  
Probiotic Supplementation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Regulatory Effects ◽  
First Year Of Life

Probiotics are linked to positive regulatory effects on the immune system. The aim of the study was to examine the association between the exposure of probiotics via dietary supplements or via infant formula by the age of 1 year and the development of celiac disease autoimmunity (CDA) and celiac disease among a cohort of 6520 genetically susceptible children. Use of probiotics during the first year of life was reported by 1460 children. Time-to-event analysis was used to examine the associations. Overall exposure of probiotics during the first year of life was not associated with either CDA (n = 1212) (HR 1.15; 95%CI 0.99, 1.35; p = 0.07) or celiac disease (n = 455) (HR 1.11; 95%CI 0.86, 1.43; p = 0.43) when adjusting for known risk factors. Intake of probiotic dietary supplements, however, was associated with a slightly increased risk of CDA (HR 1.18; 95%CI 1.00, 1.40; p = 0.043) compared to children who did not get probiotics. It was concluded that the overall exposure of probiotics during the first year of life was not associated with CDA or celiac disease in children at genetic risk.

Increased Risk of Malaria During the First Year of Life in Small-for-Gestational-Age Infants: A Longitudinal Study in Benin

2018 ◽  
Vol 219 (10) ◽  
pp. 1642-1651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gino Agbota ◽  
Manfred Accrombessi ◽  
Gilles Cottrell ◽  
Yves Martin-Prével ◽  
Jacqueline Milet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
First Year ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
First Year Of Life

Urinary Tract Infections and the Uncircumcised State: An Update

1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Wiswell ◽  
Wayne E. Hachey
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
First Year ◽  
Us Army ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Army Hospitals ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
First Year Of Life

In a two-part study of the circumcision status of boys with urinary tract infections (UTIs), we reviewed the occurrence of UTIs in 209,399 infants born in US Army hospitals worldwide from 1985 to 1990. During the first year of life, 1,046 (0.5%: 550 girls and 496 boys) were hospitalized for UTIs. Noncircumcised male infants had a 10-fold greater incidence of infection than did circumcised male infants. The frequency rate of circumcision rose significantly, from 70.3% to 80.2%, during the study period. Among uncircumcised boys younger than 3 months with UTIs, 23% had concomitant bacteremia involving the same organism. The second part of the study consisted of a meta-analysis of all nine previous reports on the circumcision status of boys with UTIs. These studies revealed a fivefold to 89-fold increased risk of infection in uncircumcised boys; the combined data yielded a 12-fold increase in UTIs in this population. Parents should be told of the lower risk of UTIs for circumcised boys during informed-consent counseling.

scholarly journals Reduced Efficacy of Intermittent Preventive Treatment of Malaria in Malnourished Children

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 1753-1759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ina Danquah ◽  
Ekkehart Dietz ◽  
Philipp Zanger ◽  
Klaus Reither ◽  
Peter Ziniel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Intermittent Preventive Treatment ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
First Year ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Intermittent preventive treatment in infants with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTi-SP) reduces malaria episodes by 20 to 59% across Africa. This protective efficacy, however, may be affected by the high frequency of malnutrition in African infants. We analyzed the impact of malnutrition as defined by anthropometry on the incidence of malaria and on the protective efficacy of IPTi in a cohort of 1,200 children in northern Ghana, where malaria is hyperendemic. These children received IPTi-SP or placebo at 3, 9, and 15 months of age and were monitored until 24 months of age. Malnutrition was present in 32, 40, and 50% of children at ages 3, 9, and 15 months, respectively. It was associated with increased risks of severe anemia and death but not an increased risk of malaria. Although malaria slightly contributed to chronic malnutrition, IPTi did not substantially improve child growth. Importantly, the protective efficacies of IPTi in malnourished children were roughly half or even less of those observed in nonmalnourished children. In the first year of life, IPTi reduced the incidence of malaria to a significantly lesser extent in infants who received both doses in a malnourished condition (25%; 95% confidence interval [CI], −7 to 48%) compared to that of nonmalnourished children (46%; 95% CI, 30 to 58%; P = 0.049). Moreover, in contrast to nutritionally advantaged children, the rate of severe malaria appeared to be increased in malnourished children who took IPTi. IPTi might exhibit reduced efficacy in regions of abundant malnutrition. Concomitant nutrition programs may be needed in these places to achieve the desired impact.

scholarly journals Relation between Birth Weight, Growth, and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Adulthood

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Helena Valente ◽  
Filumena Maria da Silva Gomes ◽  
Isabela Judith Martins Benseñor ◽  
Alexandra Valéria Maria Brentani ◽  
Ana Maria de Ulhôa Escobar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
First Year ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
Right Lobe ◽  
First Year Of Life

Background and Objectives.Adverse conditions in the prenatal environment and in the first years of life are independently associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease. This paper aims to study the relation between birthweight, growth in the first year of life, and subclinical atherosclerosis in adults.Methods.88 adults aged between 20 and 31 were submitted to sociodemographic qualities, anthropometric data, blood pressure measurements, metabolic profile, and evaluation of subclinical atherosclerosis.Results.Birthweight <2,500 grams (g) was negatively correlated with (a) increased waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), according to regression coefficient (RC) equal to −0.323, 95% CI [−0.571, −0.075]P<0.05; (b) diastolic blood pressure (RC = −4.744, 95% CI [−9.017, −0.470]P<0.05); (c) low HDL-cholesterol (RC = −0.272, 95% CI [−0.516, −0.029]P<0.05); (d) frequency of intima-media thickness (IMT) of left carotid >75th percentile (RC = −0.242, 95% CI [−0.476, −0.008]P<0.05). Birthweight >3,500 g was associated with (a) BMI >25.0 kg/m2, (RC = 0.317, 95% CI [0.782, 0.557]P<0.05); (b) increased waist circumference (RC = 0.284, 95% CI [0.054, 0.513]P<0.05); (c) elevated WHR (RC = 0.280, 95% CI [0.054, 0.505]P<0.05); (d) minimum subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) (RC = 4.354, 95% CI [0.821, 7.888]P<0.05); (e) maximum SAT (RC = 7.095, 95% CI [0.608, 13.583]P<0.05); (f) right lobe of the liver side (RC = 6.896, 95% CI [1.946, 11.847]P<0.001); (g) frequency’s right lobe of the liver >75th percentile (RC = 0.361, 95% CI [0.169, 0.552]P<0.001). Weight gain in the first year of life was inversely correlated with (a) mean IMT of left carotid (RC = −0.046, 95% CI [−0.086, −0.006]P<0.05; (b) frequency IMT of left carotid >75th percentile (RC = −0.253, 95% CI [−0.487, −0.018]P<0.05); (c) mean IMT (RC = −0.038, 95% CI [0.073, −0.002]P<0.05); (d) the frequency of the mean IMT >75th percentile (RC = −0.241, 95% CI [−0.442, −0.041]P<0.05).Conclusions.Adults birthweight <2,500 g and >3,500 g and with insufficient weight gain in the first year of life have showed different metabolic phenotypes, but all of them were related to subclinical atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals Neonatal Antibiotics and Prematurity Are Associated with an Increased Risk of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in the First Year of Life

2019 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 44-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Salvatore ◽  
Maria Elisabetta Baldassarre ◽  
Antonio Di Mauro ◽  
Nicola Laforgia ◽  
Silvio Tafuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
First Year ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
First Year Of Life

Fractures and health care resource use in cancer patients with chemotherapy-associated peripheral neuropathy (CAPN).

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e13038-e13038
Author(s):  
Arijit Ganguli ◽  
Patrick J Reilly ◽  
Saurabh Ray
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Index Date ◽  
Event Analysis ◽  
Office Visits ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Time To Event ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Increased Risk

e13038 Background: Chemotherapy has been associated with increased risk of fractures1. This study examines the real-world incidence of fractures and healthcare resource use (HRU) that may be associated with CAPN in cancer patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis utilized a national health insurer claims -database (2001-2009), to identify patients ≥18 yrs with a cancer ICD-9-code (140-239) and a chemotherapy drug code (J9xxx). The 1st chemotherapy date was the "index date." Patients with a record of peripheral neuropathy (PN) in the pre-index date were excluded. Patients with a PN post-index were matched with no-PN post-index (non-PN) based on gender, age and index date. Both groups were compared for number of fractures, HRU (hospital outpatient (OP), office, and emergency-room [ER] visits) and all-cause costs in their 365-days post-index period. Time to 1st fracture post-index was compared using Kaplan Meier time to event analysis. Results: Of 34,625 patient meeting the inclusion criteria, 1675 patients (4.3%) formed the PN group and were matched to non-PN group. At baseline, mean age was 54.9 yrs, 62.5% were females, and no difference in % of bone metastasis (p=0.12) between the groups. In PN group, 5.3% (n=87) had a fracture 365-days post-index compared to 3.5% (n=58) in non-PN group (p<0.05). Mean days to fracture from index date in PN group was shorter than the non-PN group (150.9 vs. 153.4, p<0.05). In PN group, annual mean number of OP visit (14.6 vs. 12.0, p<0.0001), ER visit (0.47 vs. 0.30, p<0.001), and office visits (30.4 vs. 23.3, p<0.0001), were higher compared to non-PN group. Annual healthcare cost of PN patients was 21% higher than non-PN patients ($64,578 vs. $53,221) and CAPN-related cost in PN group was estimated to be $5,580 annually. Conclusions: Patients with CAPN were associated with higher incidence of fractures, HRU and cost.

Comparision of the risk of cardiovascular events and death in patients treated with degarelix compared with LHRH agonists.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 42-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Albertsen ◽  
Jan Nilsson ◽  
Laurence Klotz ◽  
Heather Payne ◽  
Egbert van der Meulen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gnrh Antagonist ◽  
First Year ◽  
Lhrh Agonist ◽  
Event Analysis ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Lhrh Agonists ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Cv Disease

42 Background: LHRH agonists are used to treat patients (pts) with advanced prostate cancer and have been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) events and related deaths. Degarelix is a GnRH antagonist that appears to mitigate this risk. Methods: Results were pooled from 2328 pts participating in 6 prospective randomised trials. Most pts (n=1,686) received 1 year of GnRH antagonist or LHRH agonist treatment; the remainder (n=642) had 3–7 months’ treatment. Data were classified based on the MedDRA system and analysed using Kaplan Meier plots and a Cox proportional hazard model. Event analysis was based on death from any cause or CV event defined as arterial embolic/thrombotic; haemorrhagic or ischemic cerebrovascular; myocardial infarction or other ischemic heart disease. High risk pts were defined as men with a baseline CV disease (CVD) history. Results: Treatment groups (GnRH antagonist, n=1,491 [degarelix]; LHRH agonist, n=837 [goserelin, n=458; leuprolide, n=379]) were balanced for baseline characteristics and CVD history (31% vs. 29%). Characteristics associated with CVD (e.g. statin medication, elevated blood pressure, diabetes, cholesterol >6.2 mmol/L) were similar between groups. The risk of a CV event or death was significantly lower in pts receiving degarelix during the first year of treatment (see Table). In pts with baseline CVD the findings remained significant. In pts with no baseline CVD, there was no difference in subsequent CVD events or death in either group. In analysis by time to CV event only in all pts and pts with baseline CVD (see Table), men receiving GnRH antagonist had a significantly lower risk of CV events. Conclusions: In all pts treated with a GnRH antagonist (degarelix) risk of a CV event or death was significantly lower than in pts receiving an LHRH agonist over a treatment period of up to 1 year. In pts with baseline CVD, risk reduction remained significant at ~50%. [Table: see text]

Low Adrenomedullary Function Predicts Acute Illness in Infants with Classical Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Weber ◽  
Veeraya K Tanawattanacharoen ◽  
Amy Seagroves ◽  
Mark C Liang ◽  
Christina M Koppin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
Acute Illness ◽  
First Year ◽  
Plasma Epinephrine ◽  
Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
Hydroxylase Deficiency ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
21 Hydroxylase Deficiency ◽  
First Year Of Life

Abstract Context Youth with classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) exhibit abnormal adrenomedullary function with decreased epinephrine levels noted in newborns and young infants. Little is known about how this relates to morbidity during the first year of life. Objective To study plasma epinephrine levels in infants with classical CAH and examine the clinical significance of epinephrine deficiency in the first year of life. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Study participants were recruited from a pediatric tertiary care center. Patients or Other Participants 36 infants with classical CAH due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency and 27 age-matched unaffected controls with congenital hypothyroidism. Main Outcome Measures Plasma epinephrine levels (N=27), CYP21A2 genotype (N=15), and incidence of acute illnesses from birth to 1 year of age (N=28). Results Epinephrine levels in CAH infants independently predicted illness incidence in the first year of life (β=-0.018, R=-0.45, P=0.02) and were negatively correlated with 17-hydroxyprogesterone at diagnosis (R=-0.51, P=0.007). Infants with salt-wasting CAH exhibited lower epinephrine levels as newborns than simple-virilizing infants (P=0.02). CAH patients had lower epinephrine as newborns than controls (P=0.007) and showed decreases in epinephrine from birth to 1 year of age (P=0.04). Null genotype was associated with lower newborn epinephrine and more illness in the first year of life, compared to less severe mutation categories. Conclusions Lower epinephrine levels are associated with increased risk of illness among CAH infants. While not currently part of clinical standard of care, measuring epinephrine levels and assessing genotype may help predict acute illness in the first year of life.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors for epilepsy in children with spastic cerebral palsy

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Dedy Rahmat ◽  
Irawan Mangunatmadja ◽  
Bambang Tridjaja ◽  
Taralan Tambunan ◽  
Rulina Suradi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Central Nervous System Infection ◽  
First Year ◽  
Genetic Syndrome ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
First Year Of Life

Background Epilepsy in cerebral palsy (CP) is usually difficult to treat and can lead to poor prognosis due to increased risk for motor and cognitive disorders. The prevalence and risk factors of epilepsy in children with CP vary among studies.Objective To determine the prevalence and risk factors for epilepsy in spastic CP.Methods We performed a retrospective study using medical records of patients with spastic CP at the Departement of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from January 2003 until December 2008. Prevalence ratio was calculated by comparing the prevalence of epilepsy in subjects with and without risk factors. We excluded patients with metabolic disorder, genetic syndrome, and onset of CP after 3 years of age.Results Two hundred thirty six out of 238 spastic CP patients were analyzed. The mean age at diagnosis of spastic CP was 28.8 months. Male to female ratio was 1.4:1. The prevalence of epilepsy in spastic CP was 39%. The risk factors for epilepsy in spastic CP were central nervous system infection, the ocurrence of seizure in the first year of life, and abnormality of EE G.Conclusions The prevalence of epilepsy in spastic CP is 39%. The risk factors for epilepsy in spastic CP are post central nervous system infection, and ocurrence of seizure in the first year of life. [Paediatr Indones. 2010;50:11-7].

scholarly journals Season of birth and risk of rotavirus diarrhoea in children aged <5 years

2009 ◽  
Vol 137 (7) ◽  
pp. 957-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. ATCHISON ◽  
C. C. TAM ◽  
B. A. LOPMAN
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
First Year ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Second Year ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Rotavirus Infections

SUMMARYThis study investigates whether a child's risk of rotavirus diarrhoea is associated with season of birth in England and Wales, countries where rotavirus infections are highly seasonal. Poisson regression models were fitted to weekly counts of laboratory-confirmed rotavirus infections from children aged <5 years born between 1998 and 2007. In the first year of life, the risk of a laboratory-confirmed rotavirus infection was significantly higher for children born in summer compared with winter [relative risk (RR) 2·13, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2·07–2·19]. In the second to fifth years of life, the pattern reversed (second year of life: RR 0·73, 95% CI 0·71–0·75). The cumulative risk up to age 5 years remained significantly higher for children born in summer compared with winter due to the increased risk for summer births during their first year of life. Maternal immunity and age-specific levels of exposure to rotavirus could explain our findings.

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