Deterioration of lipids in stored wheat grains by environmental conditions and fungal infection ‒ A review

2022 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 101914
Author(s):  
Teresa M. Alconada ◽  
María Candela Moure
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Stored Wheat

scholarly journals Residual Estimation of Isoproturon, Atrazine and Grain Protectants in Stored Wheat Grains

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 09-28
Author(s):  
M.Tariq ◽  
S.Bushra ◽  
Mansoor-ul-Hassan ◽  
U.Maqbool ◽  
M.R.Asi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Stored Wheat ◽  
Grain Protectants

scholarly journals An Evaluation of the Fungi Isolated from Sub-epidermal Region of Post-harvested Stored Wheat Grains

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Shiju Mathew ◽  
George Thomas ◽  
Tufail Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Stored Wheat ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Key Words Wheat ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Kernel Discoloration ◽  
Food Value ◽  
Grain Losses

The criteria of wheat quality are as varied as their different uses. Wheat, which is suitable for a particular use / product, may have certain characters that make it entirely unsatisfactory for other purposes. The storage fungi damage the grains in several ways; they reduce the germinability, produce undesirable odor and kernel discoloration, decrease the food value and also produce toxins injurious to the health of consumers. The sub-epidermal mycoflora of stored wheat grains predominantly consisted of ubiquitous mould genera Aspergillus, Alternaria and Penicillium possibly because of their omnipresence, capacity to grow on all possible substrates and a wide range of temperature and humidity. The most frequent species observed in the stored wheat grains of Aspergillus were A. niger and A. fumigates, Alternaria alternata and Pencillium citrinum. Among these the frequency of Alternaria alternata was highest which has the capacity to produce mycotoxin which can contaminate and cause spoilage. The grain losses found in quantity and quality; can be in the form of depletion in seed viability, hardness, color, size and shape, grain weight and various biochemical parameters viz., protein, carbohydrate and vitamins under post harvest storages. Key words: wheat; post-harvest; storage; sub-epidermal fungi and spoilage. Nepal Journal of Biotechnology. Jan. 2011, Vol. 1, No. 1 : 9-13

scholarly journals Analysis of Stored Wheat Grain-Associated Microbiota Reveals Biocontrol Activity among Microorganisms against Mycotoxigenic Fungi

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 781
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar Solanki ◽  
Ahmed Abdelfattah ◽  
Sudharsan Sadhasivam ◽  
Varda Zakin ◽  
Michael Wisniewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Rhodotorula Glutinis ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Stored Wheat ◽  
Antagonistic Microorganisms ◽  
Mycotoxigenic Fungi

Wheat grains are colonized by complex microbial communities that have the potential to affect seed quality and susceptibility to disease. Some of the beneficial microbes in these communities have been shown to protect plants against pathogens through antagonism. We evaluated the role of the microbiome in seed health: in particular, against mycotoxin-producing fungi. Amplicon sequencing was used to characterize the seed microbiome and determine if epiphytes and endophytes differ in their fungal and bacterial diversity and community composition. We then isolated culturable fungal and bacterial species and evaluated their antagonistic activity against mycotoxigenic fungi. The most prevalent taxa were found to be shared between the epiphytic and endophytic microbiota of stored wheat seeds. Among the isolated bacteria, Bacillus strains exhibited strong antagonistic properties against fungal pathogens with noteworthy fungal load reduction in wheat grain samples of up to a 3.59 log10 CFU/g compared to untreated controls. We also found that a strain of the yeast, Rhodotorula glutinis, isolated from wheat grains, degrades and/or metabolizes aflatoxin B1, one of the most dangerous mycotoxins that negatively affects physiological processes in animals and humans. The mycotoxin level in grain samples was significantly reduced up to 65% in the presence of the yeast strain, compared to the untreated control. Our study demonstrates that stored wheat grains are a rich source of bacterial and yeast antagonists with strong inhibitory and biodegradation potential against mycotoxigenic fungi and the mycotoxins they produce, respectively. Utilization of these antagonistic microorganisms may help reduce fungal and mycotoxin contamination, and potentially replace traditionally used synthetic chemicals.

scholarly journals Degradation of Phenothrin in Stored Wheat Grains

1981 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji NAMBU ◽  
Yoshiyuki TAKIMOTO ◽  
Junshi MIYAMOTO
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Stored Wheat

scholarly journals EQUIPMENT AND SCIENTIFIC STUDIES OF EXPERIMENTAL DATA ON STORAGE OF WHEAT GRAIN

Food systems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Yu. F. Markov ◽  
A. N. Buriak ◽  
L. G. Eresko
Keyword(s):  
Storage Period ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Dust Suppression ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Stored Wheat ◽  
Moisture State

A complex of technical solutions is presented which makes it possible to study the influence of external factors on changes in the indicator of fat acidity value (FAV) and a range of other parameters characterizing the quality of preservation of long-term stored wheat grains in South Russia. Storage conditions (natural climatic, model) and also the effect of dust suppression treatment of grain by oil glazing that is carried out in some grain terminals in the South of Russia were taken as controlled external factors. New data has been obtained on changes in parameters of food suitability of the wheat grains during storage under model conditions with varying degrees of severity of climatic conditions in South Russia. After 6 months of storage the most considerable changes in FAV value were found for 4th class of wheat stored in natural climatic conditions with intensive insolation, the increase was 1.7 mg KOH/1 g of fat (from 7.3 mg KOH/1 g of fat up to 9.0 mg KOH/ 1g of fat). Minimum changes in the same parameter for the same storage period were observed for the wheat of the 3rd class stored in a thermostat at a stable high temperature of 35 ºС (from 11.6 mg KOH/1 g of fat to 11.5 mg KOH/1 g of fat). For wheat of the 4th class, the changes were 0.7 mg KOH/1 g of fat (from 7.8 mg KOH/1 g fat to 8.5 mg KOH/1 g of fat). Analyzes of stored wheat grains subjected to dust suppression by the oil glazing showed similar results, which allows us to state the absence of a significant effect of oil glazing on changes in wheat properties during its storage.Based on the results of the experimental analysis and a generalization of the data obtained an assumption was made on the possible reasons for the lack of pronounced trends in the data for the expected increase of FAV value in food suitability of the wheat grain when it is stored under typical model conditions of South Russia. The likely reason for this is the corresponding moisture state of grain, the water activity of grain was about 0.45. Such a low value was due, in particular, to the fact that samples of model-stored grain had a limited volume and do not reproduce the mass transfer processes that involve deep layers of the grain mass (because of the mass absence), which takes place during storage of grain in an industrial environment. The tools were proposed for the operational monitoring of the moisture state of wheat grain during storage. Moreover, a plan has been developed to expand the field of modelling storage processes in terms of varying the moisture state of the stored wheat grain samples with an assessment of the influence of moisture state on the dynamics of changes in the parameters to be controlled.

scholarly journals Eco-friendly management of Sitophilus oryzae and Rhyzoper thadominica in stored wheat at Pantnagar, Uttarakhand

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 736-743
Author(s):  
Usha Yadav ◽  
Ruchira Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Minimum Weight ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Talcum Powder ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Stored Wheat ◽  
Neem Leaves ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Minimum Number

he laboratory experiments were conducted to study the efficacy of some indigenous products such as plant products (chopped neem leaves ajwain seed powder, garlic capsules, saw dust), animal derivedproducts ( cow dung cake powder, cow urine) and inert materials ( ash powder, sand, talcum powder, salt) @ 2g/100g of wheat grains against rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (Linn.) and lesser grain borer, Rhyzoper thadominica (Fab.) on stored wheat by undertaking various parameters viz., percent adult emergence, percent seed damage, per cent weight loss and per cent germination after six months of storage during April to October 2015. After 180 days of treatments, the minimum number of adults weevils of S. oryzae( 4.00, 6.00,7.67, 9.00, 9.67 and 10.33) were emerged in wheat grains treated with ash powder, sand, cow dung powder, talcum powder, ajwain seed powder and neem leaf powder, respectively with minimum grain damage (7.33 %, 8.67 %,11.67 % and 12.00 %) was observed on ash powder, sand, ajwain seed powder and talcum powder, respectively, whereas minimum weight loss (2.67 %, 3.67 %, 5.67 % and 6.67 %) was recorded on ash powder, sand, cow dung powder, talcum powder and ajwain seed powder, respectively. Similarly, the minimum number of adult beetles of R. dominica were emerged (2.00,2.33, 6.67,7.00 and 8.33) in ash power, sand, talcum powder, cow dung cake powder and ajwain seed powder, respectively with minimum grain damage (4.00 %,8.00 %. 8.67 % and 12.67 % and weight loss (1.33 %, 4.00 %, 7.33 % and 11.67 %) in sand, ash powder, talcum powder and cow dung cake treated wheat grains, respectively. It has been clearly observed that seed germination was not affected adversely in any treatment during six months of storage. The present study clearly revealed that these naturally occurring indigenous products could be used to manage the storage insect pests in wheat.

scholarly journals GENOTYPE AND TIME OF INOCULATION EFFECTS ON DON PER GRAIN AND GRAIN WEIGHT OF WINTER WHEAT UNDER TWO ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1185-1188
Author(s):  
Victor Chijioke Okereke
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
The Mean

Experiment was conducted using near isogenic lines of Mercia background in a controlled environment to evaluate the mean effect of timing of inoculation and subsequent increase in temperature on deoxynivalenol (DON) concentration, amount of DON per grain and grain weight. The experiment was completely randomised consisting of three genotypes differing in semi-dwarfing alleles; Mercia 0 {Rht-B1a + Rht-D1a (wild type)}, Mercia 1 (Rht-B1b) and Mercia 2 (Rht-D1b) and four inoculation timings. The experiment was a complete factorial combination with four randomised replicates. Data showed that genotype differed in DON concentration (P<0.001), DON per grain (P=0.006) and mean grain weight (P=0.001) while time of inoculation influenced mean grain weight (P<0.001) and DON Concentration (P<0.001) but not Don per grain (P=0.23). Temperature influenced mean grain weight (P=0.002) with high temperature adversely affecting the size of the wheat grains.

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