Development of a genome copy specific RT-qPCR assay for divergent strains of type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

The aim of this study was to compare the virulence of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) genotypes in dually inoculated pigs with both three genotypes (a, b, and d) of PCV2 and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-2 (PRRSV-2) versus pigs singularly inoculated with the same three PCV2 genotypes (a, b, and d). Differences in this comparison were found in PCV2 viremia levels, lung and lymphoid lesion severity, and the amount of PCV2 antigen within the lymphoid lesions. Regardless of PCV2 genotypes, pigs that were dually inoculated with PCV2/PRRSV had significantly higher clinical scores, less average daily weight gain, higher levels of PCV2 viremia, and more severe lug and lymphoid lesions compared to pigs singularly inoculated with PCV2. Among the dually infected pig groups, pigs infected with PCV2d/PRRSV-2 had significantly higher levels of PCV2 viremia, more severe lung and lymphoid lesions, and more PCV2-positive cells within lymphoid lesions compared to pigs dually inoculated with PCV2a/PRRSV-2 and PCV2b/PRRSV-2. The results of this study demonstrated significant differences in the virulence among dual inoculation of PCV2a/PRRSV-2, PCV2b/PRRSV-2, and PCV2d/PRRSV-2. A significant difference in the virulence among PCV2a, PCV2b, and PCV2d single-inoculated pig groups was not found with respect to the levels of PCV2 viremia and production of PCV2-associated lymphoid lesions.

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Epidemiological investigation of porcine circovirus type 2 and its coinfection rate in Shandong province in China from 2015 to 2018

BMC Veterinary Research ◽

10.1186/s12917-020-02718-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zicheng Ma ◽

Mengda Liu ◽

Zhaohu Liu ◽

Fanliang Meng ◽

Hongyu Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pseudorabies Virus ◽

Porcine Circovirus Type ◽

Porcine Circovirus Type 2 ◽

Shandong Province ◽

Porcine Circovirus ◽

Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽

Limited Information ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Diarrhea Virus

Abstract Background Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is one of the crucial swine viral pathogens, caused porcine circovirus associated diseases (PCVAD). Shandong province is one of the most important pork producing areas and bears a considerable economic loss due to PCVAD. However, there is limited information on epidemiology and coinfection rate of PCV2 with other critical swine diseases in this area, such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), Pseudorabies virus (PRV), and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). Results Overall, 89.59% serum samples and 36.98% tissue samples were positive for PCV2 specified ELISA and PCR positive for PCV2, respectively. The coinfection rates of PCV2 with PRRSV, PRV, CSFV, and PEDV were 26.73%, 18.37%, 13.06%, and 3.47%, respectively. Moreover, genetic characteristic of PCV2 were analyzed based on the cap genes showing that PCV2d is the dominant sub-genotype circulating in the province. Conclusions Our findings reveal that PCV2d, as the dominant strain, is prevailing in pig farms in Shandong province at high levels. There was a high frequency of coinfection of PCV2 and PRRSV.

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Newly-designed primer pairs for the detection of type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus genes

Journal of Virological Methods ◽

10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114071 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 291 ◽

pp. 114071

Author(s):

Wataru Fukunaga ◽

Yuiko Hayakawa-Sugaya ◽

Fumiko Koike ◽

Nguyen Van Diep ◽

Isshu Kojima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Syndrome Virus

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A genome wide quantitative trait linkage analysis for serum lipids in type 2 diabetes in an African population

Atherosclerosis ◽

10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2004.12.049 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 181 (2) ◽

pp. 389-397 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Adebowale A. Adeyemo ◽

Thomas Johnson ◽

Joseph Acheampong ◽

Johnnie Oli ◽

Godfrey Okafor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Linkage Analysis ◽

Quantitative Trait ◽

Serum Lipids ◽

African Population ◽

Quantitative Trait Linkage Analysis ◽

Genome Wide ◽

A Genome ◽

Quantitative Trait Linkage

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A Genome-Wide Linkage Scan for Diabetic Retinopathy Susceptibility Genes in Mexican Americans With Type 2 Diabetes From Starr County, Texas

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/db06-1373 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 56 (4) ◽

pp. 1167-1173 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

D. M. Hallman ◽

E. Boerwinkle ◽

V. H. Gonzalez ◽

B. E. K. Klein ◽

R. Klein ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Mexican Americans ◽

Susceptibility Genes ◽

Genome Wide ◽

A Genome ◽

Starr County

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Preliminary assessment of correlation between T-lymphocyte responses and control of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in piglets born after in-utero infection of a type 2 PRRSV

Korean Journal of Veterinary Research ◽

10.14405/kjvr.2018.58.1.9 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 9-16

Author(s):

Sang-Ho Cha ◽

Carey Bandaranayaka-Mudiyanselage ◽

Chandima B. Bandaranayaka-Mudiyanselage ◽

Dharani Ajiththos ◽

Kyoung-Jin Yoon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Lymphocyte ◽

In Utero ◽

Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽

Preliminary Assessment ◽

Lymphocyte Responses ◽

And Control

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A Genome-Wide Scan in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Provides Independent Replication of a Susceptibility Locus on 18p11 and Suggests the Existence of Novel Loci on 2q12 and 19q13

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2002-021252 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 88 (5) ◽

pp. 2223-2230 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

J. H. O. van Tilburg ◽

L. A. Sandkuijl ◽

E. Strengman ◽

H. van Someren ◽

C. A. E. Rigters-Aris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Susceptibility Locus ◽

Genome Wide ◽

A Genome ◽

Independent Replication ◽

Genome Wide Scan

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High-Throughput Approaches onto Uncover (Epi)Genomic Architecture of Type 2 Diabetes

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes9080374 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 374 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Anna Dziewulska ◽

Aneta Dobosz ◽

Agnieszka Dobrzyn

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Pancreatic Islets ◽

High Throughput ◽

Target Genes ◽

Association Studies ◽

Genome Wide Association Studies ◽

Genomic Landscape ◽

A Genome ◽

Next Generation Sequencing Ngs

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex disorder that is caused by a combination of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. High-throughput approaches have opened a new avenue toward a better understanding of the molecular bases of T2D. A genome-wide association studies (GWASs) identified a group of the most common susceptibility genes for T2D (i.e., TCF7L2, PPARG, KCNJ1, HNF1A, PTPN1, and CDKAL1) and illuminated novel disease-causing pathways. Next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based techniques have shed light on rare-coding genetic variants that account for an appreciable fraction of T2D heritability (KCNQ1 and ADRA2A) and population risk of T2D (SLC16A11, TPCN2, PAM, and CCND2). Moreover, single-cell sequencing of human pancreatic islets identified gene signatures that are exclusive to α-cells (GCG, IRX2, and IGFBP2) and β-cells (INS, ADCYAP1, INS-IGF2, and MAFA). Ongoing epigenome-wide association studies (EWASs) have progressively defined links between epigenetic markers and the transcriptional activity of T2D target genes. Differentially methylated regions were found in TCF7L2, THADA, KCNQ1, TXNIP, SOCS3, SREBF1, and KLF14 loci that are related to T2D. Additionally, chromatin state maps in pancreatic islets were provided and several non-coding RNAs (ncRNA) that are key to T2D pathogenesis were identified (i.e., miR-375). The present review summarizes major progress that has been made in mapping the (epi)genomic landscape of T2D within the last few years.

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