Localization of the rabies virus antigen in Merkel cells in the follicle-sinus complexes of muzzle skins of rabid dogs

2016 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 40-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taichi Shimatsu ◽  
Harumi Shinozaki ◽  
Kazunori Kimitsuki ◽  
Nozomi Shiwa ◽  
Daria L. Manalo ◽  
...  
Author(s):  
A. G. Mukhamedzhanova ◽  
◽  
M. A. Efimova ◽  
A. N. Chernov ◽  
K. S. Khaertynov ◽  
...  

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Foley ◽  
J. F. Zachary

A 1-year-old mixed breed heifer was presented to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital at the University of Illinois with a 3-day history of abnormal mentation and aggressive behavior. Based on the history and clinical examination, euthanasia and necropsy were recommended. The differential diagnoses included rabies, pseudorabies, and a brain abscess. The brain was removed within 60 minutes of death, and the section submitted for fluorescent antibody testing was positive for rabies virus antigen. Residual brain tissue was immersion fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin. Histologic examination revealed a marked perivascular and meningeal lymphocytic meningoencephalitis and locally extensive spongiform change of the gray matter affecting the neuropil and neuron cell bodies. The most severely affected regions with spongiform change were the thalamus and cerebral cortex. No Negri bodies were found in any sections. Since the outbreak of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in the United Kingdom, there has been an increased surveillance of bovine neurologic cases in an effort to assess if BSE has occurred in the USA. In areas where rabies virus is endemic, rabies should be included as a possible differential diagnosis in cases of spongiform changes of the central nervous system.


2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Garba ◽  
SI Oboegbulem ◽  
AU Junaidu ◽  
AA Magaji ◽  
JU Umoh ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Dettinger ◽  
Crystal M. Gigante ◽  
Maria Strohecker ◽  
Melanie Seiders ◽  
Puja Patel ◽  
...  

AbstractDuring 2017 – 2019, the Pennsylvania Department of Health Bureau of Laboratories (PABOL) tested 6,855 animal samples for rabies using both the gold standard direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) test and LN34 pan-lyssavirus reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Two samples (0.03 %) were identified as LN34 RT-qPCR positive after failure to detect rabies virus antigen during initial DFA testing: an adult raccoon collected in 2017 and a juvenile raccoon collected in 2019. After the positive PCR result, additional tissues were collected and re-tested by DFA, where very sparse, disperse antigen was observed. Tissues from both animals were submitted to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for confirmatory testing, and were confirmed positive. At both PABOL and CDC, rabies virus antigen and RNA levels were much lower than for a typical rabies case. In addition, rabies virus antigen and RNA levels were higher in brain stem and rostral spinal cord than cerebellum, hippocampus and cortex. Cross-contamination was ruled out in the case of the 2019 juvenile raccoon by sequencing, as nucleoprotein and glycoprotein gene sequences displayed >1% nucleotide differences to sequences from all positive samples processed at PABOL within two weeks of the juvenile raccoon. Taken together, the low level of rabies virus in the central nervous system combined with presence in more caudal brain structures suggest the possibility of an early infection in both cases. These two cases highlight the increased sensitivity and ease of interpretation of LN34 RT-qPCR in rabies diagnostics for the identification of low positive cases.


2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 3098-3099 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kasempimolporn ◽  
W. Saengseesom ◽  
B. Lumlertdacha ◽  
V. Sitprija

Dog bites are responsible for more than 90% of human rabies deaths in Asia. We developed a simple and inexpensive test based on latex agglutination (LA) for rabies virus antigen detection in dog saliva. Rabies virus antigen could be detected by agglutination on a glass slide using latex particles coated with gamma globulin. By evaluation of paired saliva-brain specimens from 238 dogs, the LA test using saliva was 99% specific and 95% sensitive compared to the fluorescent antibody test (FAT) on brain smears. The advantages of the LA test over the standard FAT are that it is comparatively simple and there is no need to kill the animal before examination.


1996 ◽  
Vol 285 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajamanickam Jayakumar ◽  
Gopalan Thirumurugan ◽  
Kandasamy Nachimuthu ◽  
Vilangadu Duraiswamy Padmanaban
Keyword(s):  

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