Evaluation of henipavirus chemical inactivation methods for the safe removal of samples from the high-containment PC4 laboratory

2021 ◽  
Vol 298 ◽  
pp. 114287
Author(s):  
Sarah J. Edwards ◽  
Sarah Caruso ◽  
Willy W. Suen ◽  
Sarah Jackson ◽  
Brenton Rowe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Inactivation

Analytical validation of an automated assay for the measurement of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and its isoenzymes in saliva and a pilot evaluation of their changes in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Franco-Martínez ◽  
Fernando Tecles ◽  
Alberto Torres-Cantero ◽  
Enrique Bernal ◽  
Indra San Lázaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adenosine Deaminase ◽  
Analytical Validation ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Chemical Inactivation ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Automated Assay ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Recovery Percentage ◽  
Triton X ◽  
Potential Use

Abstract Objectives The aim of the present study was to validate a commercially available automated assay for the measurement of total adenosine deaminase (tADA) and its isoenzymes (ADA1 and ADA2) in saliva in a fast and accurate way, and evaluate the possible changes of these analytes in individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods The validation, in addition to the evaluation of precision and accuracy, included the analysis of the effects of the main procedures that are currently being used for SARS-CoV-2 inactivation in saliva and a pilot study to evaluate the possible changes in salivary tADA and isoenzymes in individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2. Results The automated assay proved to be accurate and precise, with intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation below 8.2%, linearity under dilution linear regression with R2 close to 1, and recovery percentage between 80 and 120% in all cases. This assay was affected when the sample is treated with heat or SDS for virus inactivation but tolerated Triton X-100 and NP-40. Individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection (n=71) and who recovered from infection (n=11) had higher mean values of activity of tADA and its isoenzymes than healthy individuals (n=35). Conclusions tADA and its isoenzymes ADA1 and ADA2 can be measured accurately and precisely in saliva samples in a rapid, economical, and reproducible way and can be analyzed after chemical inactivation with Triton X-100 and NP-40. Besides, the changes observed in tADA and isoenzymes in individuals with COVID-19 open the possibility of their potential use as non-invasive biomarkers in this disease.

Medullary lateral tegmental field: control of respiratory rate and vagal lung inflation afferent influences on sympathetic nerve discharge

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (5) ◽  
pp. R1396-R1410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun W. Phillips ◽  
Gerard L. Gebber ◽  
Susan M. Barman
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Artificial Ventilation ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Lung Inflation ◽  
Chemical Inactivation ◽  
A Value ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Nerve Discharge

We used spectral analysis and event-triggered averaging to determine the effects of chemical inactivation of the medullary lateral tegmental field (LTF) on 1) the relationship of intratracheal pressure (ITP, an index of vagal lung inflation afferent activity) to sympathetic nerve discharge (SND) and phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and 2) central respiratory rate in paralyzed, artificially ventilated dial-urethane-anesthetized cats. ITP-SND coherence value at the frequency of artificial ventilation was significantly ( P < 0.05; n = 18) reduced from 0.73 ± 0.04 (mean ± SE) to 0.24 ± 0.04 after bilateral microinjection of muscimol into the LTF. Central respiratory rate was unexpectedly increased in 12 of these experiments (0.28 ± 0.03 vs. 0.95 ± 0.25 Hz). The ITP-PNA coherence value was variably affected by chemical inactivation of the LTF. It was unchanged when central respiratory rate was also not altered, decreased when respiratory rate was increased above the rate of artificial ventilation, and increased when respiratory rate was raised from a value below the rate of artificial ventilation to the same frequency as the ventilator. Chemical inactivation of the LTF increased central respiratory rate in four of six vagotomized cats but did not significantly affect the PNA-SND coherence value. These data demonstrate that the LTF 1) plays a critical role in mediating the effects of vagal lung inflation afferents on SND but not PNA, 2) helps maintain central respiratory rate in the physiological range, but 3) is not involved in the coupling of central respiratory and sympathetic circuits.

Caged Phytohormones: From Chemical Inactivation to Controlled Physiological Response

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noemi Hemelíková ◽  
Asta Žukauskaitė ◽  
Tomáš Pospíšil ◽  
Miroslav Strnad ◽  
Karel Doležal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Response ◽  
Chemical Inactivation

Losartan Increases No Production from the Bovine Aortic Wall That is Stimulated by Angiotensin II

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Myronidou ◽  
B. Kokkas ◽  
A. Kouyoumtzis ◽  
N. Gregoriadis ◽  
A. Lourbopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Aortic Wall ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
No Production ◽  
Chemical Inactivation

In these studies we investigated if losartan, an AT1- receptor blocker has any beneficial effect on NO production from the bovine aortic preparations in vitro while under stimulation from angiotensin II. Experiments were performed on intact specimens of bovine thoracic aorta, incubated in Dulbeco's MOD medium in a metabolic shaker for 24 hours under 95 % O2 and 5 % CO2 at a temperature of 37°C. We found that angiotensin II 1nM−10 μM does not exert any statistically significant action on NO production. On the contrary, angiotensin II 10nM increases the production of NO by 58.14 % (from 12.16 + 2.9 μm/l to 19.23 + 4.2 μm/l in the presence of losartan 1nM (P<0.05). Nitric oxide levels depend on both rate production and rate catabolism or chemical inactivation. Such an equilibrium is vital for the normal function of many systems including the cardiovascular one. The above results demonstrate that the blockade of AT1-receptors favors the biosynthesis of NO and indicate the protective role of losartan on the vascular wall.

Chemical inactivation of dinitropyrenes by reducting agents

1986 ◽  
Vol 164 (4) ◽  
pp. 282-283
Author(s):  
K. Tamai ◽  
K. Murakami ◽  
T. Kada ◽  
H. Tokiwa
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Inactivation
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