Exposure of pregnant rats to stress and/or sertraline: Side effects on maternal health and neurobehavioral development of male offspring

Life Sciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 285 ◽  
pp. 119960
Author(s):  
Ana Flávia Quiarato Lozano ◽  
Mayara Silva Moura ◽  
Bruna Marques Tavares ◽  
Wilma De Grava Kempinas
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Maternal Health ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Neurobehavioral Development

scholarly journals Prenatal Exposure to Cadmium During Organogenesis Impairs Memory in Young Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 312-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Gumilar ◽  
Cristina Bras ◽  
Patricia Aggio ◽  
Sergio Domínguez ◽  
Mariana Bartos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Radial Maze ◽  
Inhibitory Avoidance ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Step Down

Pregnant rats were treated with 0.3 and 0.6 mg cadmium (CdCl2)/kg injected subcutaneously on a daily basis from gestational day 7 to day 15 (organogenesis period). One control group was not injected and other received saline. The 45-day-old offspring were tested in a step-down inhibitory avoidance to evaluate short-term and long-term memory and in a radial maze for the study of spatial memory. These studies showed that gestational exposure to 0.6 mg Cd/kg produced in the male offspring a significant impairment in the retention of long-term memory evaluated 24 hours after training in the step-down inhibitory avoidance. The radial maze also demonstrated that the male offspring prenatally exposed to 0.6 mg Cd presented a significant deficit in the retention of spatial memory evaluated 42 days after training. These results demonstrate that the exposure to Cd during organogenesis may affect the retention of some types of memory.

scholarly journals Excess maternal salt or fructose intake programmes sex-specific, stress- and fructose-sensitive hypertension in the offspring

2015 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 594-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clint Gray ◽  
Sheila M. Gardiner ◽  
Matthew Elmes ◽  
David S. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Cardiovascular Function ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Salt Loading ◽  
Male And Female

AbstractThe Western diet is typically high in salt and fructose, which have pressor activity. Maternal diet can affect offspring blood pressure, but the extent to which maternal intake of excess salt and fructose may influence cardiovascular function of the offspring is unknown. We sought to determine the effect of moderate maternal dietary intake of salt and/or fructose on resting and stimulated cardiovascular function of the adult male and female offspring. Pregnant rats were fed purified diets (±4 % salt) and water (±10 % fructose) before and during gestation and through lactation. Male and female offspring were weaned onto standard laboratory chow. From 9 to 14 weeks of age, cardiovascular parameters (basal, circadian and stimulated) were assessed continuously by radiotelemetry. Maternal salt intake rendered opposite-sex siblings with a 25-mmHg difference in blood pressure as adults; male offspring were hypertensive (15 mmHg mean arterial pressure (MAP)) and female offspring were hypotensive (10 mmHg MAP) above and below controls, respectively. Sex differences were unrelated to endothelial nitric oxide activity in vivo, but isolation-induced anxiety revealed a significantly steeper coupling between blood pressure and heart rate in salt-exposed male offspring but not in female offspring. MAP of all offspring was refractory to salt loading but sensitive to subsequent dietary fructose, an effect exacerbated in female offspring from fructose-fed dams. Circadian analyses of pressure in all offspring revealed higher mean set-point for heart rate and relative non-dipping of nocturnal pressure. In conclusion, increased salt and fructose in the maternal diet has lasting effects on offspring cardiovascular function that is sex-dependent and related to the offspring’s stress–response axis.

Tyrosine administration to pregnant rats induces persistent behavioral modifications in the male offspring

1987 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Arevalo ◽  
R. Castro ◽  
M.D. Palarea ◽  
M. Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Male Offspring ◽  
Pregnant Rats

Role of heme oxygenase in the regulation of the renal hemodynamics in a model of sex dependent programmed hypertension by maternal diabetes

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia E Martínez Gascón ◽  
Maria C. Ortiz ◽  
Maria Galindo ◽  
Jose Miguel Sanchez ◽  
Natalia Sancho-Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heme Oxygenase ◽  
Maternal Diabetes ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Renal Hemodynamics ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Diabetic Mothers

Intrauterine programming of cardiovascular and renal function occurs in diabetes because of the adverse maternal environment. Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and -2 (HO-2) exert vasodilatory, and antioxidant actions, particularly in conditions of elevated HO-1 expression, or deficient nitric oxide levels. We evaluated whether the activity of the heme-HO system is differentially regulated by oxidative stress in the female offspring of diabetic mothers, contributing to the improved cardiovascular function compared to male. Diabetes was induced in pregnant rats by a single dose of Streptozotocin (STZ, 50mg/kg i.p) in late gestation. Three months old male offspring from diabetic mothers (MOD) exhibited higher blood pressure values (BP), higher renal vascular resistance (RVR), worse endothelium -dependent response to Acetylcholine and an increased constrictor response to Phenylephrine, compared to those in aged matched female (FOD), which were abolished by chronic Tempol (1mM) treatment. In anesthetized animals, Stannous mesoporphyrin (SnMP; 40 µmol/kg i.v.) administration, to inhibit HO activity, increased RVR in FOD and reduced glomerular filtration rate in MOD, without altering these parameters in control animals. Compared to MOD, FOD showed lower nitrotirosyne levels, and higher HO-1 protein expression in renal homogenates. Indeed, chronic treatment with Tempol to MOD, prevented elevations in nitrotyrosine levels, and the acute renal hemodynamics response to SnMP. Then, maternal diabetes results in sex specific hypertension, and renal alterations associated to oxidative stress, mainly in adult male offspring, which are reduced in the female offspring, by elevation in HO-1 expression and lower oxidative stress levels.

Effect of protein source in diets fed during gestation and lactation on food intake regulation in male offspring of Wistar rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 300 (5) ◽  
pp. R1175-R1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Jahan-mihan ◽  
Chris E. Smith ◽  
G. Harvey Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Receptor Blocker ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Intake Regulation

We hypothesized that protein source in the nutritionally adequate AIN-93G diets fed during gestation, lactation, and weaning influences food intake (FI) regulation in male offspring of Wistar rats. Pregnant rats were fed the recommended casein-based (C) or soy protein-based (S) diet during gestation ( experiment 1) or during gestation and lactation ( experiment 2). Pups (n = 12 per group) weaned to C or S diets were followed for 9 wk ( experiment 1) or 14 wk ( experiment 2). At termination, body weight was 5.4% and 9.4% higher, respectively, in offspring of dams fed the S diet. Altered FI regulation was shown by failure of devazepide (a CCK-A receptor blocker) to block FI reduction after protein preloads in offspring of S diet-fed dams, whereas it had a strong effect on offspring of C diet-fed dams ( P < 0.005). Similarly, naloxone (an opioid receptor blocker) blocked FI reduction more after casein than after soy protein preloads ( P < 0.01). In experiment 2, offspring of dams fed the S diet had higher hypothalamic gene expression of agouti related protein at weaning ( P < 0.05), and higher FI was found throughout postweaning ( P < 0.0001). FI reduction after protein preloads at week 7 and after glucose preloads at week 13 was greater in offspring of C diet-fed dams ( P < 0.05). Plasma insulin at weaning and insulin, ghrelin, and glucagon-like peptide-1 at week 15 were higher in offspring of S diet-fed dams (all P < 0.05). In conclusion, nutritionally complete C and S diets consumed during gestation and lactation differ in their effects on body weight and FI regulation in the offspring. Extending the diet from gestation alone to throughout gestation and lactation exaggerated the adverse effects of the S diet. However, the diet consumed postweaning had little effect on the outcome.

Effects of maternal hypothyroidism in the gastrointestinal system of male young offspring from Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Lívia Prometti de Rezende ◽  
Jéssica Fortunato Silva ◽  
Victor Augusto Alves da Costa ◽  
Luiz Borges Bispo da Silva ◽  
Ana Paula Coelho Balbi
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Intestinal Fluid ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Colon Transit

Abstract Alterations in the maternal environment may impact on the fetal development. The objective of this study was to investigate the gastrointestinal consequences of maternal hypothyroidism for the male offspring from Wistar rats. The pregnant rats were divided into three groups: control (C – received water), experimental 1 [E1 – received methimazole (MMI) solution] during gestation and lactation, and experimental 2 (E2 – received MMI solution) during gestation. Maternal parameters evaluated: free T3 and T4, bodyweight variation, and water/food intake. Offspring parameters evaluated: litter size, number of male/female, free T3 and T4, stomach area, gastric ulcer susceptibility, small intestine length and weight, small intestine and distal colon motility, the stomach and intestinal weight–body weight ratio (SW/BW–IW/BW), and the accumulation of intestinal fluid. Maternal T3 and T4 from E1 were decreased when compared to the other groups. There were no differences for maternal water/food intake and weight gain, litter size, and number of males and females. Regarding to offspring, free T3, SW/BW, IW/BW, and intestinal fluid accumulation were not different between the groups, but T4 was decreased in E1. However, 30-day-old pups from E1 and E2 were smaller with lower stomach and small intestine. Even more, E1 presented a lower ulcer index when compared to the C, while E2 had a higher distal colon transit. It can be concluded that maternal hypothyroidism impaired the total body development, as well as gastric and intestinal development, besides interfering with the susceptibility to the ulcer and intestinal transit of male offspring from Wistar rats.

Stimulation of the ACE2/Ang-(1–7)/Mas axis in hypertensive pregnant rats attenuates cardiovascular dysfunction in adult male offspring

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 1883-1893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda S. M. Bessa ◽  
Érika F. Jesus ◽  
Allancer D. C. Nunes ◽  
Carolina N. R. Pontes ◽  
Ismaley S. Lacerda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Cardiovascular Dysfunction ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Endotoxin treatment of pregnant rats affects sexual behavior of the male offspring

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Wijkstra ◽  
N. Valkhof ◽  
J.M. Koolhaas ◽  
G.A. Schuiling
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Pregnant Rats

scholarly journals Maternal protein restriction with or without folic acid supplementation during pregnancy alters the hepatic transcriptome in adult male rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 103 (12) ◽  
pp. 1711-1719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen A. Lillycrop ◽  
Joanne Rodford ◽  
Emma S. Garratt ◽  
Joanne L. Slater-Jefferies ◽  
Keith M. Godfrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Ion Transport ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Liver Transcriptome

Feeding pregnant rats a protein-restricted (PR) diet induces altered expression of candidate genes in the liver of the adult offspring, which can be prevented by supplementation of the PR diet with folic acid (PRF). We investigated the effect of maternal nutrition during pregnancy on the liver transcriptome in their adult male offspring. Pregnant rats were fed control, PR or PRF diets. Male offspring were killed on day 84. The liver transcriptome was analysed by microarray (six livers per maternal dietary group) followed by post hoc analysis of relative mRNA levels and gene ontology. These results were confirmed for selected genes by real-time RT-PCR. There were 311 genes that differed significantly ( ≥ 1·5-fold change; P < 0·05) between PR offspring (222 increased) and control offspring, while 191 genes differed significantly between PRF offspring (forty-five increased) compared with offspring of control dams. There were sixteen genes that were significantly altered in both PR and PRF offspring compared with controls. Ion transport, developmental process, and response to reactive oxygen species (RROS) and steroid hormone response (SHR) ontologies were altered in PR offspring. Folic acid supplementation prevented changes within RROS and SHR response pathways, but not in ion transport or developmental process. There was no effect of maternal PR on mRNA expression of imprinted genes. Insulin 1 and Pleckstrin homology-like domain family A member 2 were increased significantly in PRF compared with PR offspring. The present findings show that the pattern of induced changes in the adult liver transcriptome were dependent on maternal protein and folic acid intakes during pregnancy.

Extended light period in the maternal circadian cycle impairs the reproductive system of the rat male offspring

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Fernanda Mithie Ogo ◽  
Glaucia Eloisa Munhoz Lion Siervo ◽  
Ana Maria Praxedes de Moraes ◽  
Katia Gama de Barros Machado ◽  
Suellen Ribeiro da Silva Scarton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
System Development ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Constant Light ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Circadian Cycle ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Testosterone Levels

Abstract Alterations in the circadian cycle are known to cause physiological disorders in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal and the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axes in adult individuals. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate whether exposure of pregnant rats to constant light can alter the reproductive system development of male offspring. The dams were divided into two groups: a light–dark group (LD), in which pregnant rats were exposed to an LD photoperiod (12 h/12 h) and a light–light (LL) group, in which pregnant rats were exposed to a photoperiod of constant light during the gestation period. After birth, offspring from both groups remained in the normal LD photoperiod (12 h/12 h) until adulthood. One male of each litter was selected and, at adulthood (postnatal day (PND) 90), the trunk blood was collected to measure plasma testosterone levels, testes and epididymis for sperm count, oxidative stress and histopathological analyses, and the spermatozoa from the vas deferens to perform the morphological and motility analyses. Results showed that a photoperiod of constant light caused a decrease in testosterone levels, epididymal weight and sperm count in the epididymis, seminiferous tubule diameter, Sertoli cell number, and normal spermatozoa number. Histopathological damage was also observed in the testes, and stereological alterations, in the LL group. In conclusion, exposure to constant light during the gestational period impairs the reproductive system of male offspring in adulthood.

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