Pragmatic presupposition and unarticulated constituents

Lingua ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 206 ◽  
pp. 112-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan J. Colomina-Almiñana
Keyword(s):  
Unarticulated Constituents ◽  
Pragmatic Presupposition

Something out of nothing? Rethinking unarticulated constituents

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Begoña Vicente ◽  
Marjolein Groefsema
Keyword(s):  
Unarticulated Constituents

scholarly journals Analysis of Presupposition in Cosmetics Advertisements

2020 ◽  
pp. 142-146
Author(s):  
Kang Lihan
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Functional Grammar ◽  
Fashion Magazines ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Food Advertisements ◽  
Advertising Language ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Chinese And English ◽  
Pragmatic Presupposition

Pragmatic presupposition focuses on the study of the relationship between the speaker and the hearer at the time of communication and the language they used. It can effectively serve advertising language from the linguistic field. In other words, pragmatic presupposition can meet some of the requirements of the advertisements. Nowadays people confront a variety of commercial advertisements, such as food advertisements, drink advertisements, digital product and cosmetic advertisements, etc. In fact, advertising language is the core factor which determines the success or failure of one commercial advertisement. Most domestic and overseas scholars have studied advertising language through cooperative principles，rhetoric and systemic-functional grammar, etc. However, they do not pay enough attention to the pragmatic presupposition manifested in both Chinese and English cosmetic advertisements. Therefore, this paper conducts a comparative study based on previous studies of pragmatic presupposition with new data. The data analyzed in this study are taken from some major fashion magazines in America, United Kingdom and China, such as VOGUE, Cosmopolitan，Trends health，etc. These cosmetic advertisements were advertised in the recent 20 years. Through the analysis, it is found that there is no significant difference between Chinese and English cosmetic advertisements in terms of types of pragmatic presupposition manifested. Both Chinese and English advertisers mainly adopt four types of pragmatic presupposition: existential presupposition, factive presupposition, state presupposition and behavior presupposition, and state presupposition takes up the largest proportion. The present study provides a more comprehensive analysis of pragmatic presupposition and classification of it. In addition, the results of this study also could help advertisers and consumers increase their mutual understanding.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Pragmatic Presupposition in Maturity Episode on Golden Ways Show

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
Maria Olivia Christina Sianipar
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Talk Show ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Pragmatic Presupposition

Pragmatics is concerned with the study of meaning as communicated by speaker or writer and interpreted by a listener or a reader. It has consequently more to do with the analysis of what people mean by their utterances. Describing the types of presupposition by the utterances in a talk show named Golden Ways is the objective of this research. The subject of this research is a talk show entitled maturity. The data are some utterances said by the speaker and heard by the hearer. Utterances between the host and the audiences from this show can show the presupposition. The writer analyzed the types of presupposition by Yule’s theory (1996) to find out what types are often used in this talk show. The data analysis is conducted by classifying and categorizing the data to find the inferences. The writer uses a descriptive method because it describes the presupposition in the talk show and it was suitable to the purpose of the study. As Monsen stated (2008: 5) the descriptive research often illustrates a relevant but non quantified topic involving a well-focused research question. It generates narrative data that describe words instead of numbers. The writer has found all six types of presupposition which applied in this talk show. This research shows that presupposition always exist in utterances.

Presupposition

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Rumfitt
Keyword(s):  
Sentence Type ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Semantic Presupposition ◽  
Truth Value ◽  
Pragmatic Presupposition

There are various senses in which one statement may be said to ‘presuppose’ another, senses which are in permanent danger of being confused. Prominent among them are Strawsonian presupposition, a relation which obtains between statements when the falsity of one deprives the other of truth-value (for example, ‘There was such a person as Kepler’ is a Strawsonian presupposition of ‘Kepler died in misery’); semantic presupposition, which obtains between a statement and a particular use of a sentence type, when the falsity of the statement means that that use will not after all constitute the making of a statement (for example, ‘The name "Kepler" has a bearer’ is a semantic presupposition of ‘Kepler died in misery’); and pragmatic presupposition, a broader notion exemplified by the legitimate presumption that accepting or denying the statement ‘Fred knows that the earth moves’ means accepting ‘The earth moves’.

A cognitive map of indicative and subjunctive mood use in Spanish

2001 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy E. Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cognitive Map ◽  
Information Value ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Interpersonal Dynamics ◽  
Time Line ◽  
Dimensional Version ◽  
High Level ◽  
Pragmatic Presupposition

Of general interest, this study confirms the syntactic manifestation of the interpersonal dynamics of the participants in discourse and of their high-level cognitive processes therein. More specifically, this study formalizes categories of the Spanish indicative and subjunctive in a cognitive map based on the deictic organization of the Spanish mood system. This cognitive map, based on a pragmasyntactic approach to mood use, allows us to view mood in Spanish as a mechanism that establishes metaphorical distance from the individual’s here and now. This study treats the indicative and subjunctive moods of Spanish with special attention to the so-called ‘factive’ clauses [those clauses subordinated to matrices of subjective comment such as me alegro que (I am glad that), es bueno que (It is good that), no me gusta que (I don’t like it that), etc. and mental act matrices such as darse cuenta de que (to realize that), tomar en consideración que (to take into account that), etc.]. We propose an approach to analyzing mood use that is based on the information value of an utterance in discourse. In considering information value we take into account (a) Lambrecht’s (1994) work featuring presuppositions as inherent parts of certain syntactical structures; (b) Mejías-Bikandi’s (1994) claim that the subjective comment structure in Spanish (subjective comment + que + clause marked with subjunctive) inherently contains a pragmatic presupposition; (c) Mejías-Bikandi’s reaffirmation that assertion is the role of the indicative and non-assertion is the role of the subjunctive in Spanish; (d) Lunn’s (1988, 1989a & b) suggestion that the indicative is used to assert propositions with high information value while the subjunctive’s role is to not assert propositions with low information value; and (e) Lambrecht’s (1994) ideas on what constitutes information. We assume that non-assertion, including pragmatic presupposition, and asserted propositions work together to create the relative information value of utterances. We show how the information value of utterances can be organized by means of deixis to create a cognitive map. The graphic design for the three dimensional version, which incorporates the notion of the time line with that of metaphorical distance from any individual’s deictic center, was inspired by Langacker’s (1991) Cognitive Gram- mar.

Epistemic Contextualism, Unarticulated Constituents and Hidden Variables

Dialogue ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-246
Author(s):  
AHMAD REZA HEMMATI MOGHADDAM
Keyword(s):  
Hidden Variables ◽  
Epistemic Contextualism ◽  
Truth Conditions ◽  
Epistemic Standard ◽  
Hidden Variable ◽  
Unarticulated Constituents

Epistemic contextualism was devised mainly to provide a solution to the problem of skepticism based on a thesis about the truth conditions of knowledge attributing sentences. In this paper, I’ll examine two possible semantic bases of epistemic contextualism i.e., (i) the epistemic standard is an unarticulated constituent, (ii) the epistemic standard is a hidden variable. After showing that the unarticulated constituent thesis is incompatible with epistemic contextualism, I’ll argue that the hidden variable account remains unconvincing. My aim in this paper is to show that questions remain that must be answered before epistemic contextualism can claim success in the project of resolving skepticism.

scholarly journals Nested presuppositions: A manipulative type of informative presupposition

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-44
Author(s):  
Mohyi Eldeen Maziad
Keyword(s):  
Relevance Theory ◽  
Cognitive Conflict ◽  
Information Structures ◽  
Cognitive Dynamics ◽  
Strategic Goals ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Processing Mechanisms ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
Pragmatic Presupposition

This paper introduces the new pragmatic concept of Nested Presuppositions (NestPs) and develops a relevance- theoretic account that explains its cognitive dynamics and manipulative mechanisms. The first section lays necessary theoretical foundations, by defining pragmatic presupposition, compiling a taxonomy of the types of presupposition and their triggers, identifying and critiquing research gaps in eight of the most relevant studies and drawing the conclusion that none of the existing definitions or accounts of pragmatic presupposition can adequately capture the manipulative characteristics and mechanisms of the instances of informative presupposition at issue. In section two, I shall introduce the concept of NestPs as the filler of those gaps, grounding it in Textual Rhetoric and Relevance Theory and highlighting its defining characteristic of information structures, i.e. how the message is segmented and its degrees of prominence and suppression are assigned in order to achieve strategic goals. I further problematize the relationship between NestPs, on the one hand, and informativeness and manipulation, on the other, in light of Gricean and Relevance-Theoretic linguistics, establishing that NestPs are inherently manipulative. I finally expound the manipulative dynamics of NestPs, in terms of the information processing mechanisms they employ, by capitalizing on the concepts of Ostensive Stimulus, Cognitive Principle of Relevance, Principle of Optimal Relevance and Comprehension Procedure, and suggesting the two new mechanisms of Cognitive Underpassing and Structure-Content Cognitive Conflict.

scholarly journals Pragmatic Presupposition in Waspada Daily Articles

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Umar Mono ◽  
Dian Marisha Putri ◽  
Liza Amalia Putri
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Teaching Materials ◽  
Daily News ◽  
Situational Context ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Actual Event ◽  
Pragmatic Presupposition

An article of editorial is the key of newspaper which is the editor’s point of view toward an actual event that is popular when it is published. The editor provides information such as events, incidents, facts or opinion so that readers know and understand it. The objectives of the research results are: Firstly, to describe kinds of presuppositions found in Waspada daily news. Secondly, out of all data, 6 articles or editorials, there are 201 sentences with presuppositions consisting of individual, existential, lexical, factive, structural, non-factive, and counter factive presupposotions. The data show that readers must have knowledge and situational context in order to make presupposition. The articles on Waspada daily news can be made teaching materials of Presupposition in Pragmatics. Among all speech acts, there is also a presupposition made by a speaker to the listener.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document