A cognitive map of indicative and subjunctive mood use in Spanish

2001 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy E. Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cognitive Map ◽  
Information Value ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Interpersonal Dynamics ◽  
Time Line ◽  
Dimensional Version ◽  
High Level ◽  
Pragmatic Presupposition

Of general interest, this study confirms the syntactic manifestation of the interpersonal dynamics of the participants in discourse and of their high-level cognitive processes therein. More specifically, this study formalizes categories of the Spanish indicative and subjunctive in a cognitive map based on the deictic organization of the Spanish mood system. This cognitive map, based on a pragmasyntactic approach to mood use, allows us to view mood in Spanish as a mechanism that establishes metaphorical distance from the individual’s here and now. This study treats the indicative and subjunctive moods of Spanish with special attention to the so-called ‘factive’ clauses [those clauses subordinated to matrices of subjective comment such as me alegro que (I am glad that), es bueno que (It is good that), no me gusta que (I don’t like it that), etc. and mental act matrices such as darse cuenta de que (to realize that), tomar en consideración que (to take into account that), etc.]. We propose an approach to analyzing mood use that is based on the information value of an utterance in discourse. In considering information value we take into account (a) Lambrecht’s (1994) work featuring presuppositions as inherent parts of certain syntactical structures; (b) Mejías-Bikandi’s (1994) claim that the subjective comment structure in Spanish (subjective comment + que + clause marked with subjunctive) inherently contains a pragmatic presupposition; (c) Mejías-Bikandi’s reaffirmation that assertion is the role of the indicative and non-assertion is the role of the subjunctive in Spanish; (d) Lunn’s (1988, 1989a & b) suggestion that the indicative is used to assert propositions with high information value while the subjunctive’s role is to not assert propositions with low information value; and (e) Lambrecht’s (1994) ideas on what constitutes information. We assume that non-assertion, including pragmatic presupposition, and asserted propositions work together to create the relative information value of utterances. We show how the information value of utterances can be organized by means of deixis to create a cognitive map. The graphic design for the three dimensional version, which incorporates the notion of the time line with that of metaphorical distance from any individual’s deictic center, was inspired by Langacker’s (1991) Cognitive Gram- mar.

The Three-Dimensional Necker Cube

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Bruno
Keyword(s):  
Necker Cube ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Visual Illusions ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Reversible Figure ◽  
Sensory Signals ◽  
Dimensional Version ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Theoretical Issues

The Necker cube is a widely known example of a reversible figure. Perceptual reversals were first observed in engravings of crystals by the Swiss geologist Louis Albert Necker in 1832. Although Necker’s engravings were not exactly of regular cubes, the figure as it is used now can be perceived in two alternative arrangements of a three-dimensional (3D) cube. Although less widely known than the popular two-dimensional version, the 3D Necker cube is a surprisingly rich model for psychophysical investigation. This chapter summarizes relevant main results and their implications for diverse theoretical issues such as the definition of visual illusions, the role of global three-dimensional interpretations in the integration of local sensory signals, and the exploratory and multisensory nature of perceptual processes.

Heat Transfer in Three-Dimensional Single-Span Greenhouses Containing a Roof Ventilator

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunita Kruger ◽  
Leon Pretorius
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Rayleigh Number ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Indoor Climate ◽  
Cfd Models ◽  
Dimensional Version

Greenhouses are used worldwide to grow various types of plants in climates and seasons not usually adequately suited for optimum growth. The microclimate inside greenhouses is of major importance as it directly affects the quantity and quality of crop production. Ventilation is a vital mechanism for maintaining an acceptable indoor climate for optimum plant production. A three-dimensional CFD model of a single span greenhouse with roof ventilators is presented. CFD results from a two-dimensional version of the model are compared with appropriate previous experimental results. The role of the Standard versus Low-Reynolds number k-epsilon turbulence model is emphasized. The addition of a ventilator to the roof of a single-span greenhouse was found to have an influence on the heat transfer inside the cavity. Various configurations of three-dimensional CFD models of the greenhouse with different ventilator opening sizes for zero and 45 degrees roof angle were investigated. Additional Nusselt-Rayleigh number relationships for specific Rayleigh number ranges were deduced, and can be useful for a greenhouse designer.

scholarly journals The Role of Sleep Quality as Mediator of Relationship between Workload and Work Fatigue in Mining Workers

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Rosita Cahya Hidayanti ◽  
Sumaryono Sumaryono
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Full Time Equivalent ◽  
Work Accidents ◽  
Field Workers ◽  
High Level

The mining environment is a place to work with a high level of risk. One of the factors that cause work accidents in the mining area is work fatigue or work fatigue. The purpose of this study was to reveal the role of sleep quality as a mediator of the relationship between workload and work fatigue in mining workers in Indonesia. Research participants were mining workers who worked in the field with a 12-hour / day shift work system (n = 232). Measurements were made using 3 scales, namely Full Time Equivalent (FTE) for workload, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) for sleep quality, and Three-Dimensional Work Fatigue Inventory (3D-WFI) for work fatigue. The results of the analysis using bootstrapping 5000 showed that workload has a significant effect on the level of work fatigue which is mediated by sleep quality. High workload results in poor sleep quality and high levels of fatigue so that mining companies need to maintain the quality of sleep for field workers to minimize work accidents due to work fatigue.

The future role of the psychiatrist in Europe – a UEMS perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
M. Hermans
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Future Role ◽  
Personal Opinion ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many

SummaryThe author presents his personal opinion inviting to discussion on the possible future role of psychiatrists. His view is based upon the many contacts with psychiatrists all over Europe, academicians and everyday professionals, as well as the familiarity with the literature. The list of papers referred to is based upon (1) the general interest concerning the subject when representing ideas also worded elsewhere, (2) the accessibility to psychiatrists and mental health professionals in Germany, (3) being costless downloadable for non-subscribers and (4) for some geographic aspects (e.g. Belgium, Spain, Sweden) and the latest scientific issues, addressing some authors directly.

Searching for ‘success’: generation, gender and onward migration in the Iranian diaspora

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Young Age ◽  
Onward Migration ◽  
Social Fields ◽  
Transnational Social Fields ◽  
High Level ◽  
Iranian Diaspora

This article uses the concepts of ‘transnational social fields’ and ‘habitus’ to explore the multifaceted role families play in shaping the aspirations of onward migrating youth. The article draws on biographical life history interviews conducted with the children of Iranian migrants who were raised in Sweden but moved to London, UK as adults. The findings of the study suggest that from a young age, all the participants were pressured by their parents to perform well academically, and to achieve high level careers. These goals were easier to achieve in London than in Sweden for several reasons. Interestingly, however, participants’ understandings of what constituted success and their motivations for onward migration were nuanced and varied considerably by gender. The study contributes to an understanding of the role of multi-sited transnational social fields in shaping the aspirations of migrant youths, as well as the strategies taken up by these migrants to achieve their goals.

The Role of Three-Dimensional Imaging in Evaluation of the Sinonasal Mass

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Sue Yon Shim ◽  
Ki Joon Sung ◽  
Young Ju Kim ◽  
In Soo Hong ◽  
Myung Soon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensional Imaging ◽  
Sinonasal Mass

Decision making power of college girls in relation to clothing

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parul Gill ◽  
Poonam Malik ◽  
Pankaj Gill
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Satisfaction Level ◽  
College Going ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
High Level ◽  
Garment Design ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The present study was undertaken to explore the decision making patterns of college girls in relation to clothing and their satisfaction level with these decision making patterns. Thirty under graduate college girls from Panipat city were approached to record their responses regarding decision making in relation to clothing and satisfaction level through a well structured questionnaire. It was found that most of the girls (56.66%) themselves made the decisions about the type of garment (Indian, western or both) they wear and majority of girls (70%) were highly satisfied with this decision making. Parents performed the role of buyers for their college going daughters' garments in most of the cases (63.33%) and the 73.33% girls had high level of satisfaction with this. In most of the cases (60%) the decision about the garment design was made by the girls themselves and they were highly satisfied with it. Keywords: clothing, college, girls, decision making.

Guided surgery with 3D printed device: a case report

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Carvalho de Sales ◽  
Rafael Maluza Flores ◽  
Julianny da Silva Guimaraes ◽  
Gustavo Vargas da Silva Salomao ◽  
Tamara Kerber Tedesco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operating Time ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Conventional Technique ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Mean Deviation ◽  
Apical Region ◽  
Virtual Planning ◽  
Surgical Guide ◽  
Surgical Guides ◽  
High Level

Dental surgeons need in-depth knowledge of the bone tissue status and gingival morphology of atrophic maxillae. The aim of this study is to describe preoperative virtual planning of placement of five implants and to compare the plan with the actual surgical results. Three-dimensional planning of rehabilitation using software programs enables surgical guides to be specially designed for the implant site and manufactured using 3D printing. A patient with five teeth missing was selected for this study. The patient’s maxillary region was scanned with CBCT and a cast model was produced. After virtual planning using ImplantViewer, five implants were placed using a printed surgical guide. Two weeks after the surgical procedure, the patient underwent another CBCT scan of the maxilla. Statistically significant differences were detected between the virtually planned positions and the actual positions of the implants, with a mean deviation of 0.36 mm in the cervical region and 0.7 mm in the apical region. The surgical technique used enables more accurate procedures when compared to the conventional technique. Implants can be better positioned, with a high level of predictability, reducing both operating time and patient discomfort.

Homogenization and Mass Identity vs. Individual Identity. An Analysis in the Light of the Theory of “The Three Dimensional Spiral of Sense

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Miriam Aparicio
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Individual Identity ◽  
Cognitive Effects ◽  
The Media

This study tests some hypotheses included in the psycho-social-communicational paradigm, which emphasizes the cognitive effects of the media and the role of the psychosocial subject as the recipient

Сирия (аш-Шам) в системе османских владений (XVI – начало XX в.)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.R. Zhantiev
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Mechanisms ◽  
Checks And Balances ◽  
Local Elites ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
The Face ◽  
High Level ◽  
The 19Th Century

Аннотация В статье рассматривается роль и место Сирии (включая Ливан и Палестину) в системе османских владений на протяжении нескольких веков от османского завоевания до периода правления султана Абдул-Хамида II. В течение четырех столетий османского владычества территория исторической Сирии (Билад аш-Шам) была одним из важнейших компонентов османской системы и играла роль связующего звена между Анатолией, Египтом, Ираком и Хиджазом. Необходимость ежегодной организации хаджа с символами султанской власти и покровительства над святынями Мекки и Медины определяла особую стратегическую важность сирийских провинций Османской империи. Несмотря на ряд серьезных угроз во время общего кризиса османской государственности (конец XVI начало XIX вв.), имперскому центру удалось сохранить контроль над Сирией путем создания сдержек и противовесов между местными элитами. В XIX в. и особенно в период правления Абдул- Хамида II (18761909 гг.), сохранение Сирии под османским контролем стало вопросом существования Османской империи, которая перед лицом растущего европейского давления и интервенции потеряла большую часть своих владений на Балканах и в Северной Африке. Задача укрепления связей между имперским центром и периферией в сирийских вилайетах в последней четверти XIX в. была в целом успешно решена. К началу XX в. Сирия была одним из наиболее политически спокойных и прочно связанных со Стамбулом регионов Османской империи. Этому в значительной степени способствовали довольно высокий уровень общественной безопасности, развитие внешней торговли, рост образования и постепенная интеграция местных элит (как мусульман, так и христиан) в османские государственные и социальные механизмы. Положение Сирии в системе османских владений показало, что процесс ослабления и территориальной дезинтеграции Османской империи в эпоху реформ не был линейным и наряду с потерей владений и влияния на Балканах, в азиатской части империи в течение XIX и начала XX вв. происходил параллельный процесс имперской консолидации.Abstract The article examines the role and place of Greater Syria (including Lebanon and Palestine) in the system of Ottoman possessions over several centuries from the Ottoman conquest to the period of the reign of Abdul Hamid II. For four centuries of Ottoman domination, the territory of historical Syria (Bilad al-Sham) was one of the most important components in the Ottoman system and played the role of a link between Anatolia, Egypt, Iraq and Hijaz. The need to ensure the Hajj with symbols of Sultan power and patronage over the shrines of Mecca and Medina each year determined the special strategic importance of the Syrian provinces of the Ottoman Empire. Despite a number of serious threats during the general crisis of the Ottoman state system (late 16th early 19th centuries), the imperial center managed to maintain control over Syria by creating checks and balances between local elites. In the 19th century. And especially during the reign of Abdul Hamid II (18761909), keeping Syria under Ottoman control became a matter of existence for the Ottoman Empire, which, in the face of increasing European pressure and intervention, lost most of its possessions in the Balkans and North Africa. The task of strengthening ties between the imperial center and the periphery in Syrian vilayets in the last quarter of the 19th century was generally successfully resolved. By the beginning of the 20th century, Syria was one of the most politically calm and firmly connected with Istanbul regions of the Ottoman Empire. This was greatly facilitated by a fairly high level of public safety, the development of foreign trade, the growth of education and the gradual integration of local elites (both Muslims and Christians) into Ottoman state and social mechanisms. Syrias position in the system of Ottoman possessions clearly showed that the process of weakening and territorial disintegration of the Ottoman Empire during the era of reform was not linear, and along with the loss of possessions and influence in the Balkans, in the Asian part of the empire during the 19th and early 20th centuries there was a parallel process of imperial consolidation.

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