True and standardized ileal digestibilities and specific ileal endogenous recoveries of crude protein and amino acid in soybean meal, rapeseed meal and peas fed to growing pigs

2012 ◽  
Vol 145 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 174-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Eklund ◽  
W.R. Caine ◽  
W.C. Sauer ◽  
G.S. Huang ◽  
G. Diebold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Growing Pigs

scholarly journals The direct and difference procedures result in similar estimates for amino acid digestibility in feed ingredients fed to growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryane S F Oliveira ◽  
John K Htoo ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Wheat Middlings ◽  
The Difference

Abstract An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that values for standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in corn, wheat, and wheat middlings obtained using the direct procedure are not different from values obtained using the difference procedure. Sixteen ileal-cannulated barrows (initial BW: 69.5 ± 5.0 kg) were allotted to a replicated 8 × 4 Youden Square design with 8 diets and 4 periods. Each period consisted of 5 d of adaptation to the diet and 2 d of collection of ileal digesta. Four diets were based on soybean meal (SBM), corn, wheat, or wheat middlings as the only AA-containing ingredients. Three additional diets were based on a mixture of SBM and corn, SBM and wheat, or SBM and wheat middlings, and an N-free diet was also used. The apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and the SID of crude protein (CP) and AA for the 4 diets containing SBM, corn, wheat, or wheat middlings as the sole source of AA were calculated using the direct procedure. The AID and SID of CP and AA for the 3 mixed diets containing SBM and corn, wheat, or wheat middlings were also calculated and the contribution of digestible AA from SBM was subtracted from the AID or SID values for the diets. The AID or SID of AA in corn, wheat, and wheat middlings were subsequently calculated by difference. Results indicated that the AID values for a few AA were lower (P < 0.05) if the direct procedure was used instead of the difference procedure, regardless of ingredient. The AID of Trp was greater in corn and wheat middlings, and the SID of Trp in corn and wheat middlings tended to be greater, if the direct procedure rather than the difference procedure was used, but that was not the case for wheat (interaction, P < 0.05 and P < 0.10, respectively). However, for all other indispensable AA, and for most of the dispensable AA, the SID of AA in corn, wheat, and wheat middlings was not different between the difference procedure and the direct procedure. Therefore, values for SID of AA in cereal grains and fiber-rich ingredients may be determined using either the direct or the difference procedure.

scholarly journals Amino Acid Absorption Profiles in Growing Pigs Fed Different Protein Sources

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1740
Author(s):  
Jan V. Nørgaard ◽  
Iulia C. Florescu ◽  
Uffe Krogh ◽  
Tina Skau Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Protein Digestion ◽  
Vein Catheter ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Average Body Weight

The aim of the present study was to determine postprandial amino acid (AA) appearance in the blood of growing pigs as influenced by protein source. Seven growing pigs (average body weight 18 kg), in a 7 × 5 Youden square design, were fitted with a jugular vein catheter and fed seven diets containing wheat, soybean meal, enzyme-treated soybean meal, hydrothermally-treated rapeseed meal, casein, hydrolyzed casein, and a crystalline AA blend with the same AA profile as casein. The latter was not eaten by the pigs, therefore being excluded. Blood samples were collected at −30, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, and 360 min after a meal and analyzed for free AA. Overall, plasma AA concentrations were highest 60 min after feeding. There were no differences in plasma AA concentration between casein and hydrolyzed casein, but soybean meal resulted in lower AA plasma concentrations compared with enzyme-treated soybean meal at 60 and 120 min after feeding. There were no differences between hydrothermally-treated rapeseed meal and soybean meal. In conclusion, the ingredients could not clearly be categorized as being slow or fast protein with regard to protein digestion and absorption of AA, but soybean meal resulted in a prolonged appearance of plasma AA compared to casein and hydrolyzed casein.

Ileal amino acid digestibility and estimates of endogenous amino acid losses in pigs fed rapeseed meal, sunflower meal and soybean meal

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Jondreville ◽  
J. van den Broecke ◽  
F. Gâtel ◽  
F. Grosjean ◽  
S. Van Cauwenberghe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Sunflower Meal ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Oilseed Meal ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Protein Free Diet

Four commercial samples of rapeseed meal (RSM), four of sunflower meal (SFM) and nine of soybean meal (SBM) were analysed and their ileal N and amino acid (AA) digestibilities in growing pigs were studied. Each batch was tested on four castrated male pigs weighing between 40 and 100 kg and fitted with an end-to-end ileo-rectal anastomosis. True ileal digestibility (TD) of AA was calculated by correcting apparent ileal digestibility (AD) for basal endogenous AA losses, measured by means of a protein-free diet. For RSM and SBM, total endogenous gut AA losses were estimated by a multiple regression model and real ileal digestibility (RD) of AA was calculated. In RSM, average TD of lysine, threonine and methionine were 70.7, 73.2 and 86.0%, respectively. These values were 80.0, 81.8 and 91.9%, respectively in SFM and 90.5, 86.8 and 93.0%, respectively, in SBM. In SBM, TD decreased (P < 0.05) with increases in the ratio of dietary acid detergent fibre (ADF) to AA contents. Expressed as g kg−1 dry matter (DM) intake, total endogenous gut N losses reached 4.7 to 6.4 for RSM and 1.9 to 3.5 for SBM. For SBM, they increased (P < 0.001) with dietary ADF concentration and RD of most AA decreased (P < 0.05) with the increase in the ratio of dietary neutral detergent fibre (NDF) to AA concentrations. Key words: Oilseed meal, ileal digestibility, amino acid, endogenous losses, pig

Guanidination procedure increases standardised ileal digestibilities of nitrogen and amino acids in rapeseed meal, soybean meal and peas fed to growing pigs

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Eklund ◽  
W. R. Caine ◽  
W. C. Sauer ◽  
G. S. Huang ◽  
G. Diebold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Antinutritional Factors ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Equal Weight ◽  
Feed Ingredient

A digestibility study was conducted to assess the effect of using the guanidination procedure to convert lysine to homoarginine in dietary sources of protein on standardised ileal digestibilities of nitrogen and amino acids in rapeseed meal, soybean meal or peas fed to growing pigs. Six barrows (German Landrace × Pietrain) with an initial bodyweight of 19 ± 1.8 kg, fitted with ileal T-cannulas, were fed one of three cornstarch-based diets that contained 180 g crude protein/kg (as-fed basis) from rapeseed meal, soybean meal or peas for an experimental period of 10 days according to a double 3 by 3 Latin square design. On Day 9 of each experimental period, the pigs were fed diets containing the guanidinated protein sources, which corresponded to their respective unguanidinated diets. In the guanidinated assay diets, 50% of the dietary source of protein was replaced, on an equal weight basis, with the guanidinated assay feed ingredient. Using the guanidination procedure increased the content of nitrogen in rapeseed meal, soybean meal, and peas by 17, 34, and 8 g/kg DM, respectively. With the exception of lysine in rapeseed meal, using the guanidination procedure increased the standardised ileal digestibilities of most amino acids in rapeseed meal, soybean meal and peas (P < 0.05). Lower standardised ileal digestibililty of lysine in guanidinated compared with unguanidinated rapeseed meal indicates that guanidination was not as uniform compared with the other sources of dietary protein. In conclusion, increases in standardised ileal digestibilities of amino acids after using the guanidination procedure in the aforementioned feed ingredients may be due to solubilisation of protein and degradation of antinutritional factors such as fibre, trypsin inhibitors and tannins.

scholarly journals PSIV-21 Pellet processing reduces variability of corn soybean meal-based diet digestibility in growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 175-175
Author(s):  
Élisabeth Chassé ◽  
Frédéric Guay ◽  
Marie-Pierre Létourneau-Montminy
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Distal Ileum ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Pelleted Diet ◽  
The One

Abstract This study was conducted to determine the effect of pelleting on the digestibility of corn-soybean meal-based diet in growing pigs. Two trials with 6 pigs cannulated at the distal ileum were conducted. In each trial, pigs were assigned to each treatment following a crossover design. In each experiment, the same diet, composed of corn and soybean meal with 10% wheat from two different feed mills, was served in pellet or mash form. Pelleting allowed an increase in digestibility in one of the trials. Apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and digestible energy (DE) were improved with pelleting by 8, 12 and 9% (P&lt; 0.01). The AID of amino acids (AA) was also improved (P&lt; 0.05). Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) was increased by pelleting in DM, CP and DE by 5, 7 and 6% respectively (P&lt; 0.01). The digestibility of the mash diet in experiment 1 was lower than in the pelleted diet in the experiment 1 and both diets in experiment 2 as shown by the interaction Pelleting X Trial which was significant for the AID and ATTD of DM, CP and DE (P&lt; 0.01). Therefore, in experiment 1, pelleting allows to improve the digestibility of diet to the same level as in experiment 2. The AID of CP was higher by 37% in the mash diet from the second experiment compared to the one in the first experiment. Even though the same ingredients were chosen in the two experiments, this shows the variability in digestibility existing between different feed mills and ingredient sources. This difference was not observed in pelleted diets. The results obtained in these two trials show that pelleting can reduce the variability of digestibility and then give a good digestibility of diets even if the ingredients are of different quality or sources.

Effect of dietary fibre level on amino acid digestibility in young pigs

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Li ◽  
W. C. Sauer ◽  
R. T. Hardin
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Period Change ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Average Body

Studies were carried out with 12 pigs (Yorkshire × Landrace) to determine the effect of dietary fibre level on amino acid digestibility. The pigs were weaned at 21 d of age and fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum at 23 or 24 d of age. The pigs were fed four isonitrogenous corn starch-based soybean meal diets (22.5 % crude protein) containing 4.3, 7.3, 10.3 and 13.3% Solkafloc according to a balanced two-period change-over design. The pigs were fed four times daily, equal amounts, at 6-h intervals. The diets were supplied at a rate of 5% of the average body weight which was determined at the initiation of the first (8.8 kg) and second (11.7 kg) experimental period. Each experimental period comprised 10 d. Feces were collected for 48 h on days 6 and 7 and ileal digesta for 24 h during days 8, 9 and 10. Chromic oxide was used as digestibility marker. The dietary inclusion of Solkafloc, up to 13.3 %, did not affect (P > 0.05) the apparent ileal as well as the fecal digestibilities of crude protein and amino acids. In conclusion, starter pigs can tolerate up to 13.3% Solkafloc, equivalent to 16.8% neutral-detergent fibre, in corn starch-based soybean meal diets without a depression in amino acid digestibility. Key words: Young pigs, fibre, amino acids, digestibility

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