Abstract
A method has been developed to quantify synephrine in bitter orange raw material, extracts, and dietary supplements. Single-laboratory validation has been performed on the method to determine the repeatability, accuracy, selectivity, limit of detection/limit of quantification (LOQ), ruggedness, and linearity for p-synephrine and 5 other biogenic amines: octopamine, phenylephrine (m-synephrine), tyramine, N-methyltyramine, and hordenine, which may be present in bitter orange. p-Synephrine was found to be the primary biogenic amine present in all materials tested, accounting for >80 of the total biogenic amine content in all samples except a finished product. Repeatability precision for synephrine was between 1.48 and 3.55 RSD. Synephrine recovery was between 97.5 and 104. The minor alkaloids were typically near the LOQ of the method (300900 g/g) in the test materials, and between-day precision for the minor compounds was poor because interferences could sometimes be mistakenly identified as one of the minor analytes. Recoveries of the minor components ranged from 99.1 to 103 at approximately 6000 g/g spike level, to 90.7 to 120 at 300 g/g spike level.
Technological Factors Affecting Biogenic Amine Content in Foods: A Review
