Human error in marine accidents: Is the crew normally to blame?

Human factors is playing an important role in every accident, particularly marine accidents. Hence, a lot of researches were conducted to analyze the human factors involvement in the accidents. Since the development of marine industry shows progressively increasing nowadays, especially in Indonesia, as Indonesia vision to be a global maritime axis of the world for marine industry, the awareness of safety life at sea has to be increase as well. Human reliability analysis (HRA) consist of many methodologies to analyze the accidents, the basic steps of HRA is qualitative method and quantitative method, one of the HRA methodology is Human Error Assessment and Reduction Technique (HEART) methodology which has been established in 1982 to assess nuclear power plant. HEART methodology is applied in this study to analyze the cause of marine accidents by human factors. The aims of this study are to know the main cause of accidents by human factors, to increase the awareness of safety at sea especially, and furthermore to improve the quality of ergonomics at sea. There are 93 EPC which discovered in this study for analyzing marine accidents in Indonesia.

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Fatigue leading to human error: a study based on marine accidents

Scientific Bulletin of Naval Academy ◽

10.21279/1454-864x-19-i2-013 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol XXII (2) ◽

pp. 110-115

Author(s):

Apostol-Mates R.

Keyword(s):

Human Error ◽

Human Factor ◽

Large Array ◽

Human Errors ◽

Leading Role ◽

Starting Point ◽

Marine Accidents ◽

The Impact

The maritime field is, like many other fields, an interrelationship between technology and the human factor. And as it is predictable, the human factor holds the leading role. As Dr. Anita M. Rothblum says, „The maritime system is a people system‟, and human errors are often the starting point for different accidents. Among the large array of factors leading to human errors when facing a situation or a decision onboard ship, fatigue is one of the main disruptive cause. The present work aims to analyze the impact of fatigue on crew members in situations leading to accidents

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Applying Determination Models for Human Errors in Sequential Analysis of Maritime Accidents

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.837.780 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 837 ◽

pp. 780-785

Author(s):

Ramona Tromiadis ◽

Radu Hanzu-Pazara

Keyword(s):

Human Factors ◽

Human Error ◽

Sequential Analysis ◽

Standard Procedure ◽

Human Operator ◽

Human Errors ◽

Management Plans ◽

Long Time ◽

High Level ◽

Marine Accidents

Human part in the socio-technical system in which they operate in order to achieve the object of work is essential. This system, because of the technological progress is characterized by a high level of technicality, continuing growth in complexity and danger. In this context, the human operator is required to make a substantial effort, which includes besides standard procedure and operations also emergency resolution calling for the ability to make judgments and assumptions based on the knowledge one holds.The main cause of the growing number of accidents has been attributed specifically to "human error". It is generally considered the fact that human factors contribute to accidents. But there are different opinions on the importance of this factor. Suggestions regarding the proportion of marine accidents caused by human errors vary from 50 to 90% of the total number of accidents. Some research considered that 60% of the total number is due to human error as a direct cause and the remaining of 30% human error is from indirect contributory cause. Effects of active cause are usually noticed almost immediately, while consequences of indirect cause may remain invisible in the system for a long time, until in combination with other factors compromise the system and lead to an accident.Different methodologies are developed, adopted from the investigations on risk analysis to performe the models that will determine the human errors in sequential analysis of maritime accidents.According to IMO resolution, human factors which contribute to marine casualties and incidents may be broadly defined as the acts or omissions, intentional or otherwise, which adversely affect the proper functioning of a particular system, or the successful performance of a particular task. Understanding human factors thus requires a study and analysis of the design of the equipment, the interaction of the human operator with the equipment, and the procedures followed by crew and management.Since human factors are triggered by human errors, which are the main source of risk in maritime activities, it seems important to develop different methodologies that allow a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the real incidence of several human factors over maritime accidents with the aim of taking human factors into account in properly developed risk management plans.

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The Role of the Human Factor in Marine Accidents

Journal of Marine Science and Engineering ◽

10.3390/jmse9030261 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 261

Author(s):

Nermin Hasanspahić ◽

Srđan Vujičić ◽

Vlado Frančić ◽

Leo Čampara

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Human Error ◽

Human Factor ◽

Common Interest ◽

Shipping Industry ◽

Causal Factors ◽

The Uk ◽

Marine Accidents ◽

The Relationship

A common interest of all shipping industry stakeholders is safe and accident-free shipping. To reach that goal, one of the most important actions that can be done is to analyze previous marine accidents. It means finding causes of accidents and, based on the analysis results, implementing effective corrective measures that can help reduce such undesired events in the future and improve safety efforts in shipping. Since it is widely accepted that human error accounts for 80–85% of all marine accidents, the research was focused on the human factor analysis in marine accidents. In this paper, 135 marine accident reports recorded in the UK Marine Accident Investigation Branch (MAIB) database from 2010 to 2019 were analyzed. The analysis aimed to categorize causal factors and discover the ones that are the most common. The Human Factor Analysis and Classification System for Maritime Accidents (HFACS-MA) method was used to be able to do so. Furthermore, multiple linear regression was used to determine the relationship between the number of accidents and the most common HFACS-MA causal factors. The research revealed that the causes of marine accidents are primarily dependent on two human factor categories and confirmed that by influencing those human factors categories, the number of marine accidents could be reduced and shipping safety improved in general.

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The Impact of Human Element in Shipping Industry

International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering - Special Issue ◽

10.35940/ijitee.f1040.0486s419 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (6S4) ◽

pp. 201-206

Keyword(s):

Human Error ◽

Human Factor ◽

Team Work ◽

Shipping Industry ◽

Central Importance ◽

Human Element ◽

Inadequate Knowledge ◽

Marine Accidents ◽

The Impact ◽

Technical Failures

Today there are less number of active seafarers in our midst, “Besides”, they are the great important element in shipping and slowly this industry is beginning to realize the central importance of seafarers. The crisis is coming and the industry is awakening to the fact it must deal with the human element in its business. Therefore in this paper it is intended to establish priorities to human factor, According to Ergonomics the scientific study concerned with understanding of interactions among humans and other elements of a system. Furthermore by the exploratory study it was observed that human error contributing to 75% & remaining 25% technical failures, According to the study it is reveal that taking risk in work, inadequate training, not following rules & regulations, habitability issues (engine noise, sea sick, fatigue, vibration, illuminations, sleep disturbance, temperature), No team work, lack of communication, lack of application of safety, inadequate knowledge, crew negligence, inattention, overconfidence, work schedules. A valuable ergonomics will safe the human element & increases the productivity. This paper is to predict the outcome of human impact on marine accidents.

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Human Error Assessment and Management in Port Operations using Fuzzy AHP

Marine Technology Society Journal ◽

10.4031/002533206787353583 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 73-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

S. T. Ung ◽

V. Williams ◽

H. S. Chen ◽

S. Bonsall ◽

J. Wang

Keyword(s):

Human Error ◽

Significant Contribution ◽

Fuzzy Ahp ◽

Test Case ◽

Relative Importance ◽

Error Assessment ◽

Cargo Handling ◽

Marine Accidents ◽

Error Risk ◽

Hierarchy Process

Human error makes a significant contribution to marine accidents. There has been a growing commitment to attempt to tackle this problem. In this study, following a brief discussion of Human Reliability Assessment (HRA), a new method of human error assessment and management using fuzzy set theory and analytical hierarchy process is proposed. In assessing the human error risk using the proposed method, the steps in each mission are compared to each other in terms of the likelihood, failure consequence probability, and severity criteria to determine the relative importance and overall risk priority. The method is demonstrated using a test case of an oil cargo handling process in port, and is effective in avoiding the criticism raised when using traditional HRA techniques as well as evaluating the effectiveness of the risk control options (RCOs) identified.

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“Human Error” Isn’t Enough. Marine Accident Evaluation Methods: A Systematic Review

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/1071181321651310 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

pp. 873-877

Author(s):

Alexandria D. Ward ◽

Dan Nathan-Roberts

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

High Risk ◽

Human Error ◽

Constant Factor ◽

Shipping Industry ◽

Latent Factors ◽

Factors Analysis ◽

Significant Research ◽

Safety Systems ◽

Marine Accidents

The commercial shipping industry continues to be responsible for a vast majority of the world’s trade, yet it remains behind similar transport industries in terms of safety and accident prevention. The regulation of safety systems and naval architecture have led to significantly fewer accidents, but human error remains a constant factor and has been identified as the most likely cause of a marine accident. A systematic review of the methods used to investigate latent factors regarding human error in marine accidents has been conducted in an effort to further examine casual factors which lead to human error. Widely accepted methods or modified methods from other high-risk industries such as Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) and Bayesian Networks have been utilized, but few have taken into account all of the sociotechnical macroergonomics of such a complex industry, leaving significant research and engineering potential.

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