Na effect on flexible Cu(In,Ga)Se2 photovoltaic cell depending on diffusion barriers (SiOx, i-ZnO) on stainless steel

2014 ◽  
Vol 147 (3) ◽  
pp. 783-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woo-Jung Lee ◽  
Dae-Hyung Cho ◽  
Jae-Hyung Wi ◽  
Won Seok Han ◽  
Jeha Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Photovoltaic Cell ◽  
Diffusion Barriers ◽  
Na Effect

Zr-based intermetallic diffusion barriers for stainless steel supported palladium membranes

2012 ◽  
Vol 405-406 ◽  
pp. 92-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maslin Chotirach ◽  
Supawan Tantayanon ◽  
Sukkaneste Tungasmita ◽  
Korbratna Kriausakul
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Diffusion Barriers ◽  
Palladium Membranes ◽  
Supported Palladium ◽  
Intermetallic Diffusion

Fabrication of High Efficiency Flexible CIGS Solar Cell with ZnO Diffusion Barrier on Stainless Steel Substrate

2011 ◽  
Vol 1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bae Dowon ◽  
Kwon Sehan ◽  
Oh Joonjae ◽  
Lee Joowon ◽  
Kim Wookyoung
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Fill Factor ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Stainless Steel Substrate ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Diffusion Barriers ◽  
Back Contact

ABSTRACTi-ZnO layers were deposited as diffusion barriers fabricated by RF sputtering on stainless-steel substrates (SUS430, matches with AISI SUS24). It was found that the addition of ZnO layer between stainless-steel substrate and Mo back contact film deplete diffusion of metal ions from substrate and reduce recombination at CIGS layer, as identified by an SIMS depth profile, QE and C-V measurements. With such diffusion barriers, the efficiency, open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current and fill factor of CIGS solar cells all increased, compared to reference cells without diffusion barrier. For the better device performance, Na was supplied during Mo back-contact layer deposition by co-sputtering of the target, including Na-source. Efficiencies of cells were increased with increasing the quantity of Na source. Unlike barrier thickness effect, short circuit current was reduced and open circuit voltage, fill factor were increased with increasing Na-source, and achieved 12.6% efficiency without AR(anti-reflection) coating. The relationship and causality between these results and the Na-doping were analyzed using C-V measurements.

scholarly journals PEMBUATAN SEL FOTOVOLTAIK PASANGAN CuO/Cu DAN CuO/STAINLESS STEEL DALAM BENTUK TUNGGAL DAN SERABUT MELALUI METODA PERENDAMAN DENGAN NaOH

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Olly Norita Tetra
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Photovoltaic Cell ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sun Light

The research about Photovoltaic cell of CuO/Cu and CuO/Stainless steel in single and fiber made by NaOH submersion method by using KCl electrolyte has been done. In this research, the KCl solution is used with different concentrations. The measurement of intensity and voltage is done before and after the Photovoltage cell is radiated by the sun light for approximately 5 minutes. The optimum concentration obtained is 0,3 M. The highest value for intensity and voltage is obtained on fiber CuO/Cu electrodes with the values are 0,364 mA and 0,170 V, measured at 11.00 – 12.00 in the noon. The length time of submersion of Cu electrode with NaOH to is affecting the intensity and voltage of CuO production, submerging in relatively optimal in 24 hour. The Photovoltaic cell can be used with or without the sun light, with the voltage being produced is 0,109 mA for fiber CuO/Cu electrodes. CuO/Cu electrodes and Stainless steel CuO/Cu electrodes can be used on Photovoltaic cell.

Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells on stainless-steel substrates covered with ZnO diffusion barriers

2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 654-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.Y. Shi ◽  
Yun Sun ◽  
Qing He ◽  
F.Y. Li ◽  
J.C. Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Diffusion Barriers ◽  
Steel Substrates

NiAl precipitation in Fe-12w/o Cr-5w/o Ni-4w/o Al

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 202-203
Author(s):  
L.E. Murr ◽  
J.S. Dunning ◽  
S. Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Alloy Composition ◽  
Chromium Content ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Optical Metallography ◽  
Property Evaluation ◽  
310 Stainless Steel ◽  
Microstructural Studies

Aluminum additions to conventional 18Cr-8Ni austenitic stainless steel compositions impart excellent resistance to high sulfur environments. However, problems are typically encountered with aluminum additions above about 1% due to embrittlement caused by aluminum in solid solution and the precipitation of NiAl. Consequently, little use has been made of aluminum alloy additions to stainless steels for use in sulfur or H2S environments in the chemical industry, energy conversion or generation, and mineral processing, for example.A research program at the Albany Research Center has concentrated on the development of a wrought alloy composition with as low a chromium content as possible, with the idea of developing a low-chromium substitute for 310 stainless steel (25Cr-20Ni) which is often used in high-sulfur environments. On the basis of workability and microstructural studies involving optical metallography on 100g button ingots soaked at 700°C and air-cooled, a low-alloy composition Fe-12Cr-5Ni-4Al (in wt %) was selected for scale up and property evaluation.

Comparison of Recovery and Recrystallization in Stainless Steel Following Plane-Wave Shock Loading and Explosive Forming

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 428-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Korbonski ◽  
L. E. Murr
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Shock Loading ◽  
Pressure Pulse ◽  
Shock Pressure ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Aisi 304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Aisi 304 ◽  
Explosive Forming

Comparison of recovery rates in materials deformed by a unidimensional and two dimensional strains at strain rates in excess of 104 sec.−1 was performed on AISI 304 Stainless Steel. A number of unidirectionally strained foil samples were deformed by shock waves at graduated pressure levels as described by Murr and Grace. The two dimensionally strained foil samples were obtained from radially expanded cylinders by a constant shock pressure pulse and graduated strain as described by Foitz, et al.

Some aspects of the defect structure in an austenitic stainless steel

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 314-315
Author(s):  
R. Gonzalez ◽  
L. Bru
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Cellular Structures ◽  
Total Strain Amplitude ◽  
Total Deformation ◽  
Density Of Dislocations ◽  
Planar Arrays ◽  
Stacking Fault Tetrahedra ◽  
Distribution Of Dislocations ◽  
Very High

The analysis of stacking fault tetrahedra (SFT) in fatigued metals (1,2) is somewhat complicated, due partly to their relatively low density, but principally to the presence of a very high density of dislocations which hides them. In order to overcome this second difficulty, we have used in this work an austenitic stainless steel that deforms in a planar mode and, as expected, examination of the substructure revealed planar arrays of dislocation dipoles rather than the cellular structures which appear both in single and polycrystals of cyclically deformed copper and silver. This more uniform distribution of dislocations allows a better identification of the SFT.The samples were fatigue deformed at the constant total strain amplitude Δε = 0.025 for 5 cycles at three temperatures: 85, 293 and 773 K. One of the samples was tensile strained with a total deformation of 3.5%.

Pyrolytic carbon filaments and associated catalytic particles formed in steel tubes

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 662-663
Author(s):  
Y. L. Chen ◽  
J. R. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Catalyst Particle ◽  
Pyrolytic Carbon ◽  
Plain Carbon Steel ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Hydrocarbon Gases ◽  
Steel Tubes ◽  
Filamentous Carbon ◽  
Carbon Filaments

Considerable effort has been directed toward an improved understanding of the production of the strong and stiff ∼ 1-20 μm diameter pyrolytic carbon fibers of the type reported by Koyama and, more recently, by Tibbetts. These macroscopic fibers are produced when pyrolytic carbon filaments (∼ 0.1 μm or less in diameter) are thickened by deposition of carbon during thermal decomposition of hydrocarbon gases. Each such precursor filament normally lengthens in association with an attached catalyst particle. The subject of filamentous carbon formation and much of the work on characterization of the catalyst particles have been reviewed thoroughly by Baker and Harris. However, identification of the catalyst particles remains a problem of continuing interest. The purpose of this work was to characterize the microstructure of the pyrolytic carbon filaments and the catalyst particles formed inside stainless steel and plain carbon steel tubes. For the present study, natural gas (∼; 97 % methane) was passed through type 304 stainless steel and SAE 1020 plain carbon steel tubes at 1240°K.

Preparation of Electron Transparent Metal-Matrix Composites

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 334-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Pinnel ◽  
A. Lawley
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Load Transfer ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Interfacial Region ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The One

Numerous phenomenological descriptions of the mechanical behavior of composite materials have been developed. There is now an urgent need to study and interpret deformation behavior, load transfer, and strain distribution, in terms of micromechanisms at the atomic level. One approach is to characterize dislocation substructure resulting from specific test conditions by the various techniques of transmission electron microscopy. The present paper describes a technique for the preparation of electron transparent composites of aluminum-stainless steel, such that examination of the matrix-fiber (wire), or interfacial region is possible. Dislocation substructures are currently under examination following tensile, compressive, and creep loading. The technique complements and extends the one other study in this area by Hancock.The composite examined was hot-pressed (argon atmosphere) 99.99% aluminum reinforced with 15% volume fraction stainless steel wire (0.006″ dia.).Foils were prepared so that the stainless steel wires run longitudinally in the plane of the specimen i.e. the electron beam is perpendicular to the axes of the wires. The initial step involves cutting slices ∼0.040″ in thickness on a diamond slitting wheel.

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