Influence of the road slope on NOx emissions during start up

Author(s):  
Paúl Andrés Molina Campoverde ◽  
Néstor Diego Rivera Campoverde ◽  
Joselyn Elizabeth Morales Espinoza ◽  
Gabriel Moisés Rodriguez Fernandez ◽  
Gina Pamela Novillo
Keyword(s):  
The Road ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 505
Author(s):  
Jianfeng Chen ◽  
Jiantian Sun ◽  
Shulin Hu ◽  
Yicai Ye ◽  
Haoqian Huang ◽  
...  

A variety of accurate information inputs are of great importance for automotive control. In this paper, a novel joint soft-sensing strategy is proposed to obtain multi-information under diverse vehicle driving scenarios. This strategy is realized by an information interaction including three modules: vehicle state estimation, road slope observer and vehicle mass determination. In the first module, a variational Bayesian-based adaptive cubature Kalman filter is employed to estimate the vehicle states with the time-variant noise interference. Under the assumption of road continuity, a slope prediction model is proposed to reduce the time delay of the road slope observation. Meanwhile, a fast response nonlinear cubic observer is introduced to design the road slope module. On the basis of the vehicle states and road slope information, the vehicle mass is determined by a forgetting-factor recursive least square algorithm. In the experiments, a contrasted strategy is introduced to analyse and evaluate performance. Results declare that the proposed strategy is effective and has the advantages of low time delay, high accuracy and good stability.


Author(s):  
R. S. Durov ◽  
◽  
E. V. Varnakova ◽  
K. O. Kobzev ◽  
◽  
...  

Introduction. One of the most pressing socio-economic problems is the state of the environment, which affects the living conditions of many people. The article deals with the problem areas of the intersection of 20-ya Liniya street – Sholokhov Avenue in Rostov-on-Don. Problem Statement. The purpose of this paper is to improve environmental safety at the intersection of 20-ya Liniya street – Sholokhov Avenue in Rostov-on-Don by reducing emissions from road transport through the proposed measures to reorganize traffic on this section of the road network. Theoretical Part. The article provides an assessment of environmental and road safety on the road network section before applying the proposed measures. The measures are listed and justified that would help improve the conditions for road transport at the selected intersection and reduce emissions from road transport, which would improve environmental safety. The calculation of environmental indicators was made after the proposed measures to reduce NOx emissions by cars. Conclusion. The article analyzes the environmental indicators before and after the events, and then compares them. Based on the analysis and calculations, it is determined how much the proposed measures to optimize traffic will help reduce NOx emissions by cars.


Author(s):  
Михаил Викторович Лобачев ◽  
Светлана Григорьевна Антощук ◽  
Вячеслав Сергеевич Харченко

A 3Win strategy for establishing a sustainable model of collaboration between the industry and universities is developed. Primary objectives of the work are outlined and are focused on the establishment of a model of sustainable collaboration between the industry, academic and research societies and student teams. This allows us to resolve the issue of preparing well qualified IT specialists in the necessary fields in collaboration with foreign partners and teams. This also presents the opportunity of development and research, targeted at the end consumer, by creating working prototypes or products. The sustainability of such a collaboration model supplements and is maintained by the long-term integration of mutual interests of the parties participating in the process. The analysis of the viability of this model is carried out on the basis of operation of R&D Start-up School. The definition of the 3Win strategy is established, as an interaction model, based on which each of the participating parties (the university, the company and the student body) receives their own personal benefits and achieves their own goals. In addition, this is a synergic model – where the cooperation of the participants results in a much more effective outcome, than individual efforts of each of the participants separately. The model, which is described as the 3Win strategy, in a way can be classified as a synthetic model, that incorporates the benefits of a number of other models developed previously. A1 – a department within the university as an incubator for developers, A2 – a department within the university as a center for certification support, Model B – a department within the university acting as a center for collaborative research and development and finally Model C – a department within the university as a business incubator. Simultaneously, this is a new class within the models of higher calibre, due to the fact that it facilitates a high degree of stability for the collaboration. The implementation of the model within the scope of international multi-university collaboration is described, along with its benefits. Examples of interaction between various components of the models based on existing cases are provided and the approaches for the 3Win strategy between the industry, universities and student body are described. The road-maps for further development of the aforementioned approaches are established


Author(s):  
Dennis Toebben ◽  
Tobias Burgard ◽  
Sebastian Berg ◽  
Manfred Wirsum ◽  
Liu Pei ◽  
...  

Abstract Combined cycle power plants (CCPP) have many advantages compared to other fossil power plants: high efficiency, flexible operation, compact design, high potential for combined heat and power (CHP) applications and fewer emissions. However, fuel costs are relatively high compared to coal. Nevertheless, major qualities such as high operation flexibility and low emissions distinctly increase in relevance in the future, due to rising power generation from renewable energy sources. An accelerated start-up procedure of CCPPs increases the flexibility and reduces the NOx-emissions, which are relatively high in gas turbine low load operation. Such low load operation is required during a cold start of a CCPP in order to heat up the steam turbine. Thus, a warm-keeping of the thermal-limiting steam turbine results in an accelerated start-up times as well as reduced NOx-emissions and lifetime consumption. This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the potential of steam turbine warm-keeping by means of hot air for a typical CCPP, located in China. In this method, the hot air passes through the steam turbine while the power plant is shut off which enables hot start conditions at any time. In order to investigate an improved start-up procedure, a physical based simplified model of the water-steam cycle is developed on the basis of an operation data set. This model is used to simulate an improved power plant start-up, in which the steam turbine remains hot after at least 120 hours outage. The results show a start-up time reduction of approximately two-thirds in comparison to a conventional cold start. Furthermore, the potential of steam turbine warm-keeping is discussed with regards to the power output, NOx-emissions, start-up costs and lifetime consumption.


Author(s):  
Oscar F. Delgado ◽  
Nigel N. Clark ◽  
Gregory J. Thompson

Portable emissions measurement systems (PEMS) are used to perform in-use measurements for emissions inventory and regulatory applications. PEMS data represent real world conditions more accurately than chassis dynamometer or engine dynamometer testing, arguably being the most realistic method of determining exhaust emissions over a certain driving route. However, measured emissions and fuel consumption depend strongly on both the route followed and the traffic situation that the vehicle encounters. A tool for translation of emissions and fuel consumption between diverse types of vehicle activity is required. The purpose of this paper is to assess the possibility of using route-averaged properties (kinematic parameters) for translation of fuel consumption and NOx emissions for a set of eighteen heavy-duty vehicles operating over up to eight different driving routes. A linear model developed for heavy-duty vehicle chassis dynamometer data modeling has been extended to in-use heavy-duty vehicle data. Two approaches were implemented; the first approach mimicked the prior chassis dynamometer work by incorporating average vehicle speed and average positive acceleration and the second approach incorporated road grade in a characteristic power parameter. The end result is a simple method which was shown to be accurate for estimation of fuel consumption (within 5% relative error) and NOx emissions (within 12% relative error) for over-the-road vehicles over “unseen” roads or traffic situations, without the need to perform additional over-the-road tests.


2012 ◽  
Vol 594-597 ◽  
pp. 642-646
Author(s):  
Anji Yu ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Dong Dong Yang ◽  
Hua Feng Cao ◽  
Xiao Pei Yang

In view of highway slope stability problems, this paper puts forward the method that numerical modeling of the road slope by the finite element analysis software —ADINA, with the Gravity Loading Proportion Methodto calculate the slope stability coefficient, deeply research the development process of deformation, breakage characteristics and stability of road high cutting slope. Comparison with the results obtained by the strength reduction FEM proposed by AcademicianYingrenZhengshows that the proposed method is more simple and reasonable to determine slope stability or not.


1995 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Tikalsky ◽  
Joseph M. Kramer ◽  
Robert Patrick

Author(s):  
Rohit Kothawale ◽  
◽  
Sarika Patil ◽  
MANJUSHA NAMEWAR ◽  
Aniket Mahajan ◽  
...  

This project is based on increasing the fuel efficiency of vehicle. Every vehicle is given an economy speed range by the respective company . But this range will vary due to parameters like the weight of the vehicles and passengers, condition of road, slope of the road, temperature ,etc. During real time this economy range will vary . This system will help the driver to maintain actual economy speed. While driving in mountain areas on the slopes, the economy speed range will be different than on plane roads. This system will take all these parameters in account and navigate the driver to get the maximum efficiency in all situations. In addition to this the driver will provide the driver the approximate kilometers the vehicle can travel in the current fuel. The circuit, working and need of the system is briefly discussed in this paper.


Author(s):  
Aaron Ameerali ◽  
Nadine Sangster ◽  
Gerard Ragbir

Vehicular technology has improved tremendously in the last few decades. Drivers and passengers are now being made more aware of their surroundings as well as the state of their cars, ergo becoming increasingly capable of making better decisions. These 'smart-vehicles' are directed by microcontrollers and microprocessors where a network of sensors and actuators provide contextual feedback for the user. Some of these features include parking and reverse assistance, collision avoidance and cruise control. In the coming years, this trend will undergo unprecedented growth as the technologies become cheaper to manufacture and implement. In fact, more advanced systems now alert the driver to realtime critical failures and problematic conditions while the simpler ones do so upon start-up. This paper provides a tested framework for a potential sensing system to alert the driver when the vehicle alignment is off. Vehicle misalignment can become an issue quickly as the following can result: Increased tire tread wear leading to reduced traction with the road's surface and ultimately higher chances of accidents as well as more frequent replacement of the tires becoming necessary. Uneven friction at contact between the road and tire can increase the resistance resulting in higher fuel consumption by the engine. Strain on multiple components within the braking system and suspension as misalignment can cause drift while in motion and additionally uneven braking. A damaged suspension is quite expensive to repair or replace. Early detection of the extent of misalignment can lead to decreased expenditure in the areas of maintenance and fuel consumption, contributing to an increase in reliability. Since many drivers, however experienced they are, may at times be ignorant of the degree of misalignment their vehicle possesses, adding this technology can serve as a potential remedy ultimately improving the user experience and vehicle longevity.


2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 744
Author(s):  
Jakov Topić ◽  
Branimir Škugor ◽  
Joško Deur

This paper deals with fuel consumption prediction based on vehicle velocity, acceleration, and road slope time series inputs. Several data-driven models are considered for this purpose, including linear regression models and neural network-based ones. The emphasis is on accounting for the road slope impact when forming the model inputs, in order to improve the prediction accuracy. A particular focus is devoted to conversion of length-varying driving cycles into fixed dimension inputs suitable for neural networks. The proposed prediction algorithms are parameterized and tested based on GPS- and CAN-based tracking data recorded on a number of city buses during their regular operation. The test results demonstrate that a proposed neural network-based approach provides a favorable prediction accuracy and reasonable execution speed, thus making it suitable for various applications such as vehicle routing optimization, synthetic driving cycle validation, transport planning and similar.


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