In vitro and in vivo antifungal efficacy of plant based lawsone against Fusarium oxysporum species complex

The re-emergence of the Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium odoratissimum (F. odoratissimum) causes global banana production loss. Thirty-eight isolates of Fusarium species (Fusarium spp.) were examined for morphological characteristics on different media, showing the typical Fusarium spp. The phylogenetic trees of Fusarium isolates were generated using the sequences of histone gene (H3) and translation elongation factor gene (TEF-1α). Specific primers were used to confirm the presence of F. odoratissimum. The phylogenetic trees showed the rich diversity of the genus Fusarium related to Fusarium wilt, which consists of F. odoratissimum, Fusarium grosmichelii, Fusarium sacchari, and an unknown species of the Fusarium oxysporum species complex. By using Foc-TR4 specific primers, 27 isolates were confirmed as F. odoratissimum. A pathogenicity test was conducted for 30 days on five different local cultivars including, Musa acuminata (AAA, AA) and Musa paradisiaca (AAB, ABB). Although foliar symptoms showed different severity of those disease progression, vascular symptoms of the inoculated plantlet showed that infection was uniformly severe. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Fusarium oxysporum species complex related to Fusarium wilt of banana in Malaysia is rich in diversity, and F. odoratissimum has pathogenicity to local banana cultivars in Malaysia regardless of the genotype of the banana plants.

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KEEFEKTIFAN FORMULA MINYAK CENGKEH DAN SERAI WANGI TERHADAP Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vanillae PENYEBAB BUSUK BATANG VANILI

Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri ◽

10.21082/jlittri.v18n4.2012.143-150 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 143

Author(s):

MESAK TOMBE ◽

DARMAWAN PANGERAN ◽

TRI SAPTARI HARYANI

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Soil Microorganisms ◽

Soil Microorganism ◽

Stem Rot ◽

Clove Oil ◽

Vanilla Planifolia ◽

Green House ◽

Microorganism Population

ABSTRAK Busuk batang vanili (BBV) yang disebabkan oleh Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vanillae (Fov) merupakan patogen penting pada vanili dan menyebabkan kerugian besar setiap tahunnya di Indonesia. Jumlah kerugian diperkirakan sebesar 3.000 ton atau sekitar US$ 16 juta. Penelitian dilaksanakan di laboratorium dan rumah kaca Kelti Hama dan Penyakit, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat, Bogor pada bulan Februari 2010 sampai Agustus 2010. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh formula dengan bahan aktif minyak cengkeh dan serai wangi terhadap penyakit BBV dan dampaknya terhadap kehidupan mikroorganisme tanah. Dalam pelaksanaannya, kegiatan penelitian dilaku- kan dalam 3 tahap yaitu : (1) uji formula in vitro, (2) uji formula in vivo, dan (3) uji dampak formula terhadap mikroorganisme tanah. Percobaan tahap 1, 2, dan 3 masing-masing terdiri atas 10, 6, dan 6 perlakuan, dan.masing-masing disusun menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 3 ulangan. Materi yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini adalah (1) formula dengan bahan aktif minyak cengkeh (formula standar), (2) formula dengan bahan aktif minyak cengkeh dan serai wangi (formula baru), dan (3) fungisida sintetis berbahan aktif mankozeb sebagai pembanding. Hasil uji in vitro menunjukkan bahwa fungisida nabati CS (minyak cengkeh + serai wangi) pada ke 3 tingkatan konsentrasi (terutama konsentrasi 400 ppm) memperlihatkan efektivitas yang tinggi dalam menghambat pertumbuhan miselium dan produksi spora patogen Fov.F117 dibandingkan perlakuan lain dan kontrol. Hasil uji in vivo menunjukkan hal yang sama bahwa fungisida nabati CS memperlihatkan efektivitas yang tinggi dalam menekan intensitas serangan patogen BBV, terutama pada dosis aplikasi 5 ml/l. Dampak perlakuan terhadap kehidupan mikroorganisme tanah (fungi dan bakteri) memperlihatkan bahwa penggunaan fungisida sintetis mankozeb menghambat kehidupan mikroorganisme tanah 90-100% jika dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Populasi mikroorganisme tanah pada semua perlakuan fungisida nabati lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan fungisida mankozeb. Populasi mikroorganisme pada aplikasi fungisida nabati pada dosis 5 ml/l tidak berbeda nyata dengan kontrol. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan fungisida nabati minyak cengkeh terutama jika dikombinasikan dengan minyak serai wangi mempunyai prospek untuk digunakan dalam pengendalian penyakit BBV dengan interval aplikasi 3-4 minggu sekali. Kata kunci : Vanilla planifolia, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp, vanillae, busuk batang vanili, minyak cengkeh, minyak serai wangiABSTRACT Vanilla stem rot (VSR) disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vanillae (Fov) is an important disease on vanilla and causes severe loss annually in Indonesia. The total annual loss in production due to the VSR was estimated to be 3,000 ton or about US$ 16 million. This research was carried out in the laboratory and green house of Pest and Disease of Research Institute for Spices and Medicinal Crops, Bogor from February 2010 until August 2010. The objective of this research was to study the effect of formula using active compounds of clove and citronella oils on the VSR disease and its impact on the survival of soil microorganisms. The research activities were conducted in three stages, namely (1) in vitro formula test; (2) in vivo formula test, and (3) impact test of formula on the soil microorganisms. Materials studied in this research were (1) formula with active compound of clove oil (standard), (2) formula with active compound of clove and citronella oils (new formula), and (3) synthetic fungicide with mancozeb active ingredient as comparison. Every phase of this 3 stage experiment was arranged using completely randomized design with three replicates. First, second, and third phases of the experiment consisted of 10, 6, and 6 treatments, respectively. In vitro test results carried out in the laboratory indicated that botanical formula CS (clove and citronella oils of the three concentration levels, especially on the 400 ppm) showed high effectiveness on inhibiting mycelium growth and spore production of Fov.F117 pathogen compared to other treatments and control. In vivo test in the green house indicated the same result that botanical fungicide CS (clove dan citronella oils) showed high effectiveness in suppressing VSR disease infection intensity, especially on 5 ml/l dosage. Application of mancozeb synthetic fungicide inhibited 90 – 100% soil microorganism livelihood compared to control. However, the soil microorganism population on all botanical fungicides was higher than on mancozeb fungicide. The microorganism population on the botanical fungicide of 5 ml/l dosage was not significantly different from the control (natural soil with no treatment). This research indicates that aplication of botanical fungicide (combination between clove and citronella oils) with 3 - 4 weeks interval is prospectous to control VSR disease. Key words : Vanilla planifolia, Fusarium oxysporum, f.sp. vanillae, vanilla stem rot, clove oil, citronella oil

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Self-Inhibitory Activity of Trichoderma Soluble Metabolites and Their Antifungal Effects on Fusarium oxysporum

Journal of Fungi ◽

10.3390/jof6030176 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 176

Author(s):

Samuel Álvarez-García ◽

Sara Mayo-Prieto ◽

Santiago Gutiérrez ◽

Pedro Antonio Casquero

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Macroscopic Structure ◽

Biocontrol Activity ◽

Microbial Strains ◽

Phytopathogenic Microorganisms

Self-inhibitory processes are a common feature shared by different organisms. One of the main mechanisms involved in these interactions regarding microorganisms is the release of toxic diffusible substances into the environment. These metabolites can exert both antimicrobial effects against other organisms as well as self-inhibitory ones. The in vitro evaluation of these effects against other organisms has been widely used to identify potential biocontrol agents against phytopathogenic microorganisms. In the present study, we performed membrane assays to compare the self-inhibitory effects of soluble metabolites produced by several Trichoderma isolates and their antifungal activity against a phytopathogenic strain of Fusarium oxysporum. The results demonstrated that Trichoderma spp. present a high self-inhibitory activity in vitro, being affected in both their growth rate and the macroscopic structure of their colonies. These effects were highly similar to those exerted against F. oxysporum in the same conditions, showing no significant differences in most cases. Consequently, membrane assays may not be very informative by themselves to assess putative biocontrol capabilities. Therefore, different methods, or a combination of antifungal and self-inhibitory experiments, could be a better approach to evaluate the potential biocontrol activity of microbial strains in order to pre-select them for further in vivo trials.

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Effects of Streptomyces corchorusii, Streptomyces mutabilis, pendimethalin, and metribuzin on the control of bacterial and Fusarium wilt of tomato

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b96-126 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 74 (7) ◽

pp. 1016-1022 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Abd El-Raheem R. El-Shanshoury ◽

Soad M. Abu El-Sououd ◽

Omima A. Awadalla ◽

Nabila B. El-Bandy

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Culture Media ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Pseudomonas Solanacearum ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Streptomyces Spp ◽

Antagonistic Streptomyces

Two Streptomyces spp. and two herbicides were used to control the pathogens of tomato wilt disease in vitro and in vivo. In vitro studies showed inhibitory effects of Streptomyces corchorusii against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (Sacc.) and inhibitory effects of Streptomyces mutabilis against Pseudomonas solanacearum. In cultures amended with pendimethalin or metribuzin, the growths of P. solanacearum and F. oxysporum were inhibited. The degree of growth inhibition was proportional to the herbicide concentration, with pendimethalin being more effective than metribuzin, and maximum inhibition was at 2.0 × 10−3 M. The growth of S. corchorusii and S. mutabilis was slightly inhibited or enhanced by the herbicides. Supplementation of the herbicides to culture media of the antagonistic Streptomyces spp. increased their inhibitory effects against P. solanacearum and F. oxysporum that were proportional to the herbicide concentrations. Soaking seeds of tomato in the herbicides prior to sowing in sterilized and raw soils and applying S. corchorusii and (or) S. mutabilis to the soils artificially infested with P. solanacearum and (or) F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (Sacc.) 40 days after transplanting revealed significant interactions that gave better control of wilt than either applied alone. The combination of antagonistic Streptomyces spp. was more effective with pendimethalin than with metribuzin and in nonsterilized soil than in sterilized soil. The combination of pendimethalin with S. corchorusii, S. mutabilis, or S. corchorusii plus S. mutabilis was more effective than the single treatment with microbial antagonists or the herbicide against F. oxysporum, P. solanacearum, and Pseudomonas plus Fusarium, respectively. In both soils, the combination of microbial antagonists with pendimethalin was most effective at 2.0 × 10−3 M, disease incidence being reduced to zero and the percent colonization of either pathogen being the lowest. The results also revealed that these combinations minimized the negative effects of the pathogens on tomato growth. This work demonstrates that two compatible control agents, biological and chemical, can be combined to give additional control of a plant pathogen. Keywords: Streptomyces spp., herbicides, Pseudomonas solanacearum, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (Sacc.), wilt, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.

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Dosage-Dependent Antifungal Efficacy of V-Echinocandin (LY303366) against Experimental Fluconazole-Resistant Oropharyngeal and Esophageal Candidiasis

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.45.2.471-479.2001 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 471-479 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Vidmantas Petraitis ◽

Ruta Petraitiene ◽

Andreas H. Groll ◽

Tin Sein ◽

Robert L. Schaufele ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amphotericin B ◽

Study Groups ◽

Esophageal Candidiasis ◽

Echinocandin B ◽

Hepatic Transaminase ◽

Fluconazole Resistant ◽

Semisynthetic Derivative ◽

Antifungal Efficacy

ABSTRACT V-echinocandin (VER-002; LY303366) is a semisynthetic derivative of echinocandin B and a potent inhibitor of fungal (1, 3)-β-d-glucan synthase. We studied the antifungal efficacy, the concentrations in saliva and tissue, and the safety of VER-002 at escalating dosages against experimental oropharyngeal and esophageal candidiasis caused by fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans in immunocompromised rabbits. Study groups consisted of untreated controls, animals treated with VER-002 at 1, 2.5, and 5 mg/kg of body weight/day intravenously (i.v.), animals treated with fluconazole at 2 mg/kg/day i.v., or animals treated with amphotericin B at 0.3 mg/kg/day. VER-002-treated animals showed a significant dosage-dependent clearance of C. albicans from the tongue, oropharynx, esophagus, stomach, and duodenum in comparison to that for untreated controls. VER-002 also was superior to amphotericin B and fluconazole in clearing the organism from all sites studied. These in vivo findings are consistent with the results of in vitro time-kill assays, which demonstrated that VER-002 has concentration-dependent fungicidal activity. Esophageal tissue VER-002 concentrations were dosage proportional and exceeded the MIC at all dosages. Echinocandin concentrations in saliva were greater than or equal to the MICs at all dosages. There was no elevation of serum hepatic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, potassium, or creatinine levels in VER-002-treated rabbits. In summary, the echinocandin VER-002 was well tolerated, penetrated the esophagus and salivary glands, and demonstrated dosage-dependent antifungal activity against fluconazole-resistant esophageal candidiasis in immunocompromised rabbits.

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Antagonisme Fungi Endofit Daun Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas) terhadap Fusarium oxysporum C2 Penyebab Busuk Umbi pada Bawang Merah in Vitro

Agrotechnology Research Journal ◽

10.20961/agrotechresj.v4i1.41351 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

Fauziyyah Nahdah ◽

Noorkomala Sari ◽

Akhmad Rizali ◽

Rabiatul Wahdah

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Jatropha Curcas ◽

Linear Trend ◽

Culture Method ◽

Fungal Endophyte ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Antimicrobial Substances ◽

Spss Software

Basal plate rot is a major disease on shallot caused by Fusarium oxysporum. Endophytic fungi is promising to use as antagonist agent to the pathogen. Endophyte is microbes that are living in plant cells and have an asymptomatic characteristic. Nowadays, fungal endophyte is believed to produce antimicrobial substances similar with their plant host's natural product. Jatropha curcas is one of the plants containing secondary metabolites that have antifungal activities. The research aimed to study the ability of endophyte from Jatropha curcas to inhibit the growth of Fusarium oxysporum. The dual culture method was used in this research and the data were analyzed by SPSS software. This antagonism test was conducted by 9 isolates endophyte and each plate consisted of 3 replicates. The result revealed endophyte fungal obtaining 9 isolates with the radial growth of 4,5 cm/2 days. Endophytes of Jatropha curcas L. were able to inhibit the growth of Fusarium oxysporum C2. The percentage of inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum causing of root blight diseases was controlled by up 38.27 - 74.48%. The highest percentage of inhibition is gained by B4b and the lowest of it is A2b. Our observations showed that each endophyte has a consistent linear trend. B4b still leaded as the highest strength to inhibit the growth of pathogen on the monitoring of 3, 5, and 7 days. Moreover, the ability of fungi endophyte from Jatropha curcas as antagonist agent to Fusarium oxysporum needs to be further examined by the in vivo method.

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In Vitro and In Vivo Inhibitory Effects of Gaseous Chlorine Dioxide against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. batatas Isolated from Stored Sweetpotato: Study II

The Plant Pathology Journal ◽

10.5423/ppj.oa.04.2019.0078 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

pp. 437-444

Author(s):

Ye Ji Lee ◽

Jin-Ju Jeong ◽

Hyunjung Jin ◽

Wook Kim ◽

Young Chull Jeun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Chlorine Dioxide ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Gaseous Chlorine Dioxide

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Unique Secreted in Xylem Genes in Banana-Infecting Endophytic Fusarium Oxysporum

Proceedings ◽

10.3390/proceedings2019036180 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 180

Author(s):

Rebecca Lyons ◽

Elizabeth Czislowski ◽

Isabel Zeil-Rolfe ◽

Shubhdeep Kaur ◽

Zhendong Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Effector Proteins ◽

In Planta ◽

Banana Industry ◽

Fusarium Wilt Of Banana ◽

Race 4 ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum Species Complex ◽

Six Genes

Members of the Fusarium oxysporum species complex include pathogenic and non-pathogenic isolates and infect a broad range of plant species. F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) causes the destructive Fusarium wilt of banana, and the recently emerged Foc tropical race 4 strain threatens the global banana industry. Secreted in xylem (SIX) genes encode for F. oxysporum effector proteins that are associated with virulence in pathogenic F. oxysporum, however they have rarely been reported from non-pathogenic F. oxysporum isolates. Our recent survey of asymptomatic banana plants grown in Foc-infested fields in Queensland and northern NSW revealed that diverse Fusarium spp, including F. oxysporum, reside in the plant roots and pseudostem without causing obvious damage to the plant. Intriguingly, we amplified SIX genes from several of the putative endophytic F. oxysporum isolates identified in the survey and found that they differ in their profile to known Foc SIX genes. To study the role of the endophytic F. oxysporum isolates in planta and the biological function of their SIX genes in more detail, we will re-inoculate cultivated and wild diploid banana lines with the endophytic F. oxysporum strains under glasshouse conditions to assess if they are non-pathogenic on banana. Secondly, we will determine whether the endophytic F. oxysporum SIX genes are expressed in planta and/or in vitro and look at the transcriptome changes occurring in the host following infection. Finally, endophytic F. oxysporum strains transformed with GFP will be used to investigate the extent of fungal colonisation in the plant.

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The use of natural products against Fusarium oxysporum: A review

The Natural Products Journal ◽

10.2174/2210315510999200811151154 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Zeyneb Belhi ◽

Noureddine Boulenouar ◽

Abdelkrim Cheriti

Keyword(s):

Natural Products ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Environmental Safety ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Formae Speciales ◽

Agricultural Industries ◽

Different Sources

: Currently, numerous researchers have focused their attention on the use of natural products from plants and microorganisms, or compounds derived from these organisms to protect crops from various diseases, thus reduce the negative effects on human health and environmental safety. Fungal diseases cause a considerable loss of crop yields in agricultural industries worldwide. Fusarium oxysporum comprises a multitude of formae speciales that cause vascular wilt diseases of economically important crops. This review presents an overview of researches realized on natural products tested against Fusarium oxysporum formae speciales phytopathogens for the period (2017-2020). This review aims to collect major research works of the antifungal compounds against these fungi and up-dates information on their developments and approaches that have been rapidly taking place in recent years so that further novel researches can be envisaged. Discussion of these studies by analyzing different sources for antifusariosis treatment, evaluation of testing methods, and information on their advantages and limitations and to determine those with real efficacy. Despite the important number of natural products with remarkable in vitro efficiency, the limiting point is their in vivo application for soil microorganisms (in this case: Fusarium oxysporum). Therefore, more advanced researches are needed to solve this problem.

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Detection of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae from Infected Strawberry Plants

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-08-18-1315-re ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 103 (5) ◽

pp. 1006-1013 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Alyssa Burkhardt ◽

Peter M. Henry ◽

Steven T. Koike ◽

Thomas R. Gordon ◽

Frank Martin

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Species Complex ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Genetic Locus ◽

Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Field Samples ◽

Pathogenicity Tests ◽

Multiple Field ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum Species Complex

Isolates of the Fusarium oxysporum species complex have been characterized as plant pathogens that commonly cause vascular wilt, stunting, and yellowing of the leaves in a variety of hosts. F. oxysporum species complex isolates have been grouped into formae speciales based on their ability to cause disease on a specific host. F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae is the causal agent of Fusarium wilt of strawberry and has become a threat to production as fumigation practices have changed in California. F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae is polyphyletic and limited genetic markers are available for its detection. In this study, next-generation sequencing and comparative genomics were used to identify a unique genetic locus that can detect all of the somatic compatibility groups of F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae identified in California. This locus was used to develop a TaqMan quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay and an isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assay that have very high sensitivity and specificity for more than 180 different isolates of the pathogen tested. RPA assay results from multiple field samples were validated with pathogenicity tests of recovered isolates.

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