Enzymatic recycling of NADPH at high temperature utilizing a thermostable glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from Bacillus stearothermophilus

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh B Iyer ◽  
Leonidas G Bachas
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Bacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Potential of a Novel Thermotolerant Lipase Bacillus stearothermophilus nr22 (Lip.nr-22) as Additive in High Temperature Operated-Neutral pH Liquid Detergent

2017 ◽  
Vol 735 ◽  
pp. 136-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nik Raikhan Nik Him ◽  
Nurul Shafika Azmi
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Bacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
Laundry Detergent ◽  
Detergent Formulation ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Oil Removal ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Detergent Concentration ◽  
Neutral Ph ◽  
Commercial Detergents

Enzyme-added detergent must have the capability to operate at high temperature to support the enzyme proteins to clean soiled-fabrics at optimum conditions. Lipase from Bacillus stearothermophilus nr22 (Lip.nr-22) has improved the oil removal from soiled-cotton fabric by 38.8-51.4% in 4 types of local commercial detergents. The later was the oil removal from an unrevealed detergent. The optimum conditions were 108U/ml Lip.nr-22 in 0.1M, pH 7.0, washing temperature and washing time interval as 80°C and 40 min, respectively; shaking wash at 300 rpm and percentage of detergent concentration as 0.5. Lip.nr-22 is a very potential enzyme in high temperature-neutral pH operated laundry detergent formulations. It has exhibited a very excellent thermostability at 80°C, was very stable with surfactants, commercial detergents as well as with oxidizing agents (H2O2, NaBO3H2O and NaClO). Lip.nr-22 as additive in detergent formulation is a promise for better detergent formulation.

scholarly journals Source of 12C in Calvin–Benson cycle intermediates and isoprene emitted from plant leaves fed with 13CO2

2020 ◽  
Vol 477 (17) ◽  
pp. 3237-3252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas D. Sharkey ◽  
Alyssa L. Preiser ◽  
Sarathi M. Weraduwage ◽  
Linus Gog
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Isoprene Emission ◽  
Variable Contribution ◽  
Terpene Synthesis ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Feeding 14CO2 was crucial to uncovering the path of carbon in photosynthesis. Feeding 13CO2 to photosynthesizing leaves emitting isoprene has been used to develop hypotheses about the sources of carbon for the methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway, which makes the precursors for terpene synthesis in chloroplasts and bacteria. Both photosynthesis and isoprene studies found that products label very quickly (<10 min) up to 80–90% but the last 10–20% of labeling requires hours indicating a source of 12C during photosynthesis and isoprene emission. Furthermore, studies with isoprene showed that the proportion of slow label could vary significantly. This was interpreted as a variable contribution of carbon from sources other than the Calvin–Benson cycle (CBC) feeding the methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway. Here, we measured the degree of label in isoprene and photosynthetic metabolites 20 min after beginning to feed 13CO2. Isoprene labeling was the same as labeling of photosynthesis intermediates. High temperature reduced the label in isoprene and photosynthesis intermediates by the same amount indicating no role for alternative carbon sources for isoprene. A model assuming glucose, fructose, and/or sucrose reenters the CBC as ribulose 5-phosphate through a cytosolic shunt involving glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase was consistent with the observations.

Comparison of milks processed by the direct and indirect methods of ultra-high-temperature sterilization. III. A note on the results for spore destruction obtained with an experimental ultra-high-temperature milk sterilizer

1970 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Burto
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Bacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
Inhibitory Factor ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Direct And Indirect Methods ◽  
Ultra High Temperature

SummaryThe bacteriological results of Franklin, Underwood, Perkin & Burton (1970) are analysed to show that colony counts of Bacillus stearothermophilus spores in UHT-treated milk are influenced by the inhibitory action of the milk, so that the sporicidal effects of the UHT process as calculated from the results are too high. Only the elimination of the inhibitory factor will allow true sporicidal effects to be determined.

An analysis of the performance of an ultra-high-temperature milk sterilizing plant: IV. Comparison of experimental and calculated sporicidal effects for a strain of Bacillus stearothermophilus

1959 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Burton ◽  
J. G. Franklin ◽  
D. J. Williams ◽  
Helen R. Chapman ◽  
A. Jean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Bacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Theoretical Method ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Thermal Death ◽  
Ultra High Temperature

This series of four papers has outlined a method for predicting the bactericidal efficiency of an ultra-high-temperature sterilizing plant. The method has been illustrated with reference to the performance of an A.P.V. 200 gal./hr. plate-type sterilizing plant, treating at different temperatures milk heavily inoculated with suspensions of B. subtilis and B. stearothermophilus spores.The method involves the determination of the temperature and flow time distributions in the plant, and of the thermal death characteristics of the organism to be considered. The investigations of plant performance are considered in Part I. The determination of the sporicidal effect of the plant from this information is described in Part II. The effect is expressed in terms of the slope of the thermal death line for the organism considered, at the operation temperature of the plant. By expressing the result in this form it becomes general and applicable to any type of organism, at any operating temperature close to that for which the plant is designed.The thermal death time of any organism at the operating temperature may be obtained by laboratory experiment, by extrapolation if necessary. In Parts III and IV, laboratory data for B. subtilis spores and B. Stearothermophilus spores are used to calculate the performance of the plant, and the calculated results are compared with the results of direct plant experiment. The agreement is satisfactory.The interpretation of the results with spores of B. stearothermophilus is complicated by their very marked inhibition by u.h.t.-treated milk. Only about one spore per million germinates and grows in such milk. A false impression of the number of truly surviving organisms after the heat treatment may therefore be obtained. It is not known to what extent this effect occurs with spores of other strains of B. stearothermophilus or with other organisms.It is not suggested that the theoretical method of estimation of performance will give reliable information on the spoilage level to be expected from a plant under practical dairy conditions. The uncertainties as to the number and types of incident organisms are too great. Comparisons can be made between different plants, however, by comparing the results of the theoretical analyses for the plants. No bacteriological data are then required. This may be a less difficult procedure for manufacturers than a direct bacteriological experiment using heavily inoculated milk. The analysis also enables the contribution to the overall lethal effect of the different part of a sterilizing plant to be assessed.

Novel ethanol fermentations from sugar cane and straw

1987 ◽  
Vol 321 (1561) ◽  
pp. 555-568 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Bacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
High Yield ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Bulk Chemicals ◽  
Ethanol Yields ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Most agree that it is ultimately desirable to produce bulk chemicals such as ethanol from renewable resources; the questions focus on ‘where’, ‘when’ and ‘how’. For developing counties with abundant biomass, growing needs for bulk chemicals and energy, and balance of exchange problems, the time is now. Sugar cane is an obvious feedstock but the economics depend on whole-crop utilization and capital and energy input. The latter is currently met by burning the cane straw (bagasse), but hydrolysis of this and fermentation and the resulting sugars would increase ethanol yields. A high-temperature fermentation would reduce energy input and capital costs. A mutant strain of Bacillus stearothermophilus (LLD-15) can make ethanol from sucrose at 70 °C in yields and at rates equivalent to yeasts at 30 °C. Aerobically, the wild type grows rapidly on many sugars, and equally rapidly anaerobically producing mainly L-lactate and traces of acetate, formate and ethanol via pyruvate-formate lyase. In the mutant, the latter anaerobic pathway normally predominates. But under certain stresses pyruvate flux can be diverted exclusively via pyruvate dehydrogenase, resulting in quantitative conversion of sucrose to ethanol and CO 2 without growth. Hence the mutant offers potential for novel fermentation processes at high temperature, with high yield, high productivity and broad substrate range.

High-temperature hydrocarbon degradation by Bacillus stearothermophilus from oil-polluted Kuwaiti desert

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Sorkhoh ◽  
A. S. Ibrahim ◽  
M. A. Ghannoum ◽  
S. S. Radwan
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Bacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
Hydrocarbon Degradation

Amperometric Sensing at High Temperature with a “Wired” Thermostable Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase fromAquifexaeolicus

2003 ◽  
Vol 75 (15) ◽  
pp. 3898-3901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Iyer ◽  
Valeri Pavlov ◽  
Ioanis Katakis ◽  
Leonidas G. Bachas
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Amperometric Sensing ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Colorimetric Glucose Assay Using Thermostable Glucokinase

1990 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
D A Scott ◽  
C R Goward ◽  
M D Scawen ◽  
T Atkinson ◽  
C P Price
Keyword(s):  
Half Life ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Bacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Glucose Assay ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Optimal Wavelength ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Drugs And Metabolites

A method for assaying glucose in serum or plasma samples using a thermostable glucokinase was developed. Glucokinase from Bacillus Stearothermophilus was coupled with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase to produce NADPH, which reduced the tetrazolium dye MTT to its formazan. Detection of the product at 660 nm allowed samples containing up to 30 mmol/L glucose to be assayed with an endpoint method. Use of the optimal wavelength for formazan detection, 570 nm, increased sensitivity for NADPH detection by over threefold compared to UV detection. The stability of glucokinase assay mixtures was extensively studied, with variation in buffers, salt and enzyme stabilizers. Maximal half life for reagent stability at room temperature was approximately 30 days, with storage of assay mixtures in two solutions. Various drugs and metabolites were tested for interference in the method and no significant interferences were found.

Comparison of milks processed by the direct and indirect methods of ultra-high-temperature sterilization. II. The sporicidal efficiency of an experimental plant for direct and indirect processing

1970 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Franklin ◽  
H. M. Underwood ◽  
A. G. Perkin ◽  
H. Burton
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Bacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Experimental Plant ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Direct And Indirect Methods ◽  
Ultra High Temperature

SummaryThe variation of sporicidal efficiency with processing temperature was determined for an experimental ultra-high-temperature (UHT) milk sterilizer operating alternatively as an indirect or as a direct heater. Whole milk was inoculated with large numbers of spores of Bacillus subtilis 786 and Bacillus stearothermophilus TH24, and the proportion of spores surviving the sterilizing process was calculated from dilution and colony counts on the untreated and treated milk. The results for B. subtilis spores were unreliable, and the dilution count results for B. stearothermophilus spores were influenced by the inhibitory effect of the UHT processed milk. The results for the colony counts of B. stearothermophilus spores were preferred as a basis for the comparison of the direct and indirect processes. Over the range of processing temperatures 137–145 °C it was found that the sterilizing temperature had to be 3–4 degC higher with direct heating than with indirect heating to give equal spore destructions.

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