QSPR model for estimation of photodegradation average rate of the porphyrin-TiO2 complexes and prediction of their biodegradation activity and toxicity: Engineering of two annihilators for water/waste contaminants

2021 ◽  
pp. 131463
Author(s):  
Mina Najafi ◽  
Ali Reza Akbarzadeh ◽  
Rahmatollah Rahimi ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Keshavarz
Keyword(s):  
2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-373
Author(s):  
Jan Macuda

Abstract In Poland all lignite mines are dewatered with the use of large-diameter wells. Drilling of such wells is inefficient owing to the presence of loose Quaternary and Tertiary material and considerable dewatering of rock mass within the open pit area. Difficult geological conditions significantly elongate the time in which large-diameter dewatering wells are drilled, and various drilling complications and break-downs related to the caving may occur. Obtaining higher drilling rates in large-diameter wells can be achieved only when new cutter bits designs are worked out and rock drillability tests performed for optimum mechanical parameters of drilling technology. Those tests were performed for a bit ø 1.16 m in separated macroscopically homogeneous layers of similar drillability. Depending on the designed thickness of the drilled layer, there were determined measurement sections from 0.2 to 1.0 m long, and each of the sections was drilled at constant rotary speed and weight on bit values. Prior to drillability tests, accounting for the technical characteristic of the rig and strength of the string and the cutter bit, there were established limitations for mechanical parameters of drilling technology: P ∈ (Pmin; Pmax) n ∈ (nmin; nmax) where: Pmin; Pmax - lowest and highest values of weight on bit, nmin; nmax - lowest and highest values of rotary speed of bit, For finding the dependence of the rate of penetration on weight on bit and rotary speed of bit various regression models have been analyzed. The most satisfactory results were obtained for the exponential model illustrating the influence of weight on bit and rotary speed of bit on drilling rate. The regression coefficients and statistical parameters prove the good fit of the model to measurement data, presented in tables 4-6. The average drilling rate for a cutter bit with profiled wings has been described with the form: Vśr= Z ·Pa· nb where: Vśr- average drilling rate, Z - drillability coefficient, P - weight on bit, n - rotary speed of bit, a - coefficient of influence of weight on bit on drilling rate, b - coefficient of influence of rotary speed of bit on drilling rate. Industrial tests were performed for assessing the efficiency of drilling of large-diameter wells with a cutter bit having profiled wings ø 1.16 m according to elaborated model of average rate of drilling. The obtained values of average rate of drilling during industrial tests ranged from 8.33×10-4 to 1.94×10-3 m/s and were higher than the ones obtained so far, i.e. from 181.21 to 262.11%.


2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (2A) ◽  
pp. 255-264
Author(s):  
Hanan A. R. Akkar ◽  
Sameem A. Salman

Computer vision and image processing are extremely necessary for medical pictures analysis. During this paper, a method of Bio-inspired Artificial Intelligent (AI) optimization supported by an artificial neural network (ANN) has been widely used to detect pictures of skin carcinoma. A Moth Flame Optimization (MFO) is utilized to educate the artificial neural network (ANN). A different feature is an extract to train the classifier. The comparison has been formed with the projected sample and two Artificial Intelligent optimizations, primarily based on classifier especially with, ANN-ACO (ANN training with Ant Colony Optimization (ACO)) and ANN-PSO (training ANN with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)). The results were assessed using a variety of overall performance measurements to measure indicators such as Average Rate of Detection (ARD), Average Mean Square error (AMSTR) obtained from training, Average Mean Square error (AMSTE) obtained for testing the trained network, the Average Effective Processing Time (AEPT) in seconds, and the Average Effective Iteration Number (AEIN). Experimental results clearly show the superiority of the proposed (ANN-MFO) model with different features.


1982 ◽  
Vol 28 (98) ◽  
pp. 91-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. N. Nijampurkar ◽  
N. Bhandari ◽  
C. P. Vohra ◽  
V. Krishnan

AbstractSurface and core samples of Neh–nar Glacier in the Kashmir Valley have been analysed for the radionuclides 32Si. 210Pb, 40K, and 137Cs. The lateral and vertical profiles (at an altitude of about 4 140 m) reveal:(1)32Si activity decreasing slowly from the accumulation zone to 4 050 m altitude and then abruptly towards the snout.(2)Five zones of alternating high and low 210Pb activity in the surface samples.(3)An horizon at between 2 and 3 m depth containing 210Pb activity above natural levels. This horizon is also associated with 137Cs and a maximum in total ß activity.The ice samples have been dated on the basis of a simplified two–component model, the “fresh“contribution determined by 2l0Pb and the old component by 32Si. The following conclusions can be drawn from these observations:(1)The model age of the snout ice is c. 850 years.(2)The average rate of ice movement in the lower glacier is about 2 m/year, which compares well with the annual movement rate of 2.65 m/year observed since 1974.


2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Halkadri Fitra ◽  
Salma Taqwa ◽  
Charoline Cheisviyanny ◽  
Abel Tasman ◽  
Nurzi Sebrina

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat kelayakan aspek keuangan usaha grosir sembako Badan Usaha Milik Desa (Nagari) Kamang Hilia Sejahtera di Kenagarian Kamang Hilia Kecamatan Kamang Magek Kabupaten Agam Provinsi Sumatera Barat yang dilakukan pada tahun 2018. Penelitian bersifat deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode cash flow analysis, payback period, net present value, profitability index, internal rate of return, dan average rate of return. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai net cash flow Badan Usaha Milik Desa (Nagari) Kamang Hilia Sejahtera adalah positif yaitu Rp.21.774.000, nilai payback period adalah 1,15 tahun, nilai net present value positif sebesar Rp.10.680.034,47, nilai profitability index adalah positif 1,37, sedangkan nilai internal rate of return adalah 46,7% dan nilai average rate of return adalah 57,23%. Berdasarkan standar penilaian maka semua metode yang digunakan memberikan kesimpulan bahwa usaha grosir sembako milik Badan Usaha Milik Desa (Nagari) Kamang Hilia Sejahtera dalam kategori layak untuk dilaksanakan.


Author(s):  
Н.А. Белоногова ◽  
А.Ю. Виноградов ◽  
Т.А. Виноградова ◽  
Д.А. Догановский ◽  
А.Н. Кондратьев ◽  
...  

Расчет максимальных расходов воды дождевых паводков на малых водосборах, в целях эффективного проектирования лесохозяйственных инженерных дорожных сооружений, представляет собой весьма сложную задачу вследствие отсутствия достаточных наблюдений за характеристиками дождевого стока. Кроме того, характеристики дождевого стока и определяющие их факторы обладают большой пространственной и временной изменчивостью, что еще больше затрудняет их определение. Рекомендуемая действующими нормативами методика определения максимального дождевого стока, как показывает практический опыт, нуждается в незамедлительном редактировании с точки зрения сопоставления размерностей и правильности ссылок. Особое внимание в статье уделено определению времени добегания, включенного в расчетные формулы в качестве определяющего параметра. В настоящее время понятие «время добегания» однозначно не определено. В связи с тем, что наполненность русел рек имеет высокую пространственную и временную неоднородность и изменчивость, общее движение воды в створе проектируемого инженерного сооружения можно представить достаточно упорядоченным и единообразным, с практически постоянной паводковой средней скоростью. На основе натурных наблюдений известно, что во время паводка средняя по сечению скорость потока сохраняется постоянной в пределах верхней десятипроцентной части амплитуды уровней воды. Такие данные с конца 70-х годов не публикуются. Обработка имеющихся данных говорит о том, что существует незначительное увеличение скоростей течения с ростом площади бассейнов. Поэтому предлагается принять время добегания τi, определенное по характерным отрезкам руслового пути от исследуемого створа до истока с помощью интерполяции измеренных на гидрометрических постах данных по скоростям течения. The calculation of the maximum water flow during the high water, especially on small watersheds, in order to effectively design engineering of road structures, is a very difficult task due to the lack of sufficient observations. In addition, the characteristics of rainfall, and their determinants have a high spatial and temporal variability, which further complicates their definition. Currently recommended method of determining the characteristics of the maximum rainwater, as the experience, needs immediate clarification of dimensions and verify links. Particular attention is paid to the calculation of lag time, included in the formulas as the defining parameter. Fullness riverbeds has high spatial and temporal heterogeneity and variability. The general movement of water in the closing alignment ordered and uniform. The average rate of slightly increased or decreased depending on the dryness of the season. Each cross-section corresponds to the value of average flow velocity. These data are from the late 70-ies are not published. Processing of existing data suggests that there is a slight increase in the flow velocity with increasing basin areas. Therefore, as a constant time lag is invited to take the time determined by the characteristic segments of the channel path from the source to the alignment of the test.


Author(s):  
Mohammad Asgharzadeh ◽  
Jalil Rashedi ◽  
Behroz Mahdavi Poor ◽  
Hossein Samadi kafil ◽  
Hossein Moharram Zadeh ◽  
...  

: Nowadays, due to the incidence of specific strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and also increase the rate of drug resistant-TB mortality rate has elevated by this disease. Identification of common strains in the region as well as sources of transmission are essential to control the disease that this has been possible by using molecular epidemiology. In this survey, studies which have been carried out based on spoligotyping method in Muslim Middle East countries were considered to determine their role in control of TB. All studies conducted from 2005 to June 2016 were considered systematically in three electronic data bases and finally, 23 studies were selected. The average rate of clustering was 84% and the rate of recent transmission was variable from 21.7% to 92.4%. Incidence of Beijing strains was been rising in the considered countries. In Iran and Saudi Arabia which are immigration and labour-hosting countries, respectively, rapid transmittable strains and drug resistant Beijings were higher than other considered countries. Considering the incidence of highly virulent strains, due to the increase of immigration and people infected with HIV, tuberculosis, especially drug resistant form, the lack of close monitoring in the future will be induce trouble.


1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 461-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. E. Albertson ◽  
P. Hendricks

A 1630 L/s activated sludge plant at Phoenix was limited to an average rate of 1050 L/s and operated, at 400-600 mg/L MLSS and 0.8-1.3 day solids retention time (SRT) due to bulking sludge and limited clarification capacity. Higher SRTs also produced uncontrolled Nocardia foaming and low dissolved oxygen due to partial nitrification. The City retained the services of a team of consultants to resolve these problems as well as to upgrade the plant to provide nitrification and total nitrogen removal. An anoxic selector design was implemented within the existing basin and the clarifiers were modified to improve inlet design and sludge transport. The modified advanced wastewater treatment (AWT) plant operating at 1450 L/s has averaged an effluent of 7.6 mg/L BOD5, 8.2 mg/L TSS, 1.3 mg/L NH4N, 4.1 mg/L NO3N and 2.9 mg/L TP. Oxygen transfer efficiency has increased about 80% in the nitrification-denitrification (NdeN) mode. The cost of modification/upgrading to AWT was approximately $730,000 and a 400 L/s increase in hydraulic capacity was realized. Upgrading costs were $5.63/m3 ($0.02/gal.)


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5072
Author(s):  
Byung-Kook Koo ◽  
Ji-Won Baek ◽  
Kyung-Yong Chung

Traffic accidents are emerging as a serious social problem in modern society but if the severity of an accident is quickly grasped, countermeasures can be organized efficiently. To solve this problem, the method proposed in this paper derives the MDG (Mean Decrease Gini) coefficient between variables to assess the severity of traffic accidents. Single models are designed to use coefficient, independent variables to determine and predict accident severity. The generated single models are fused using a weighted-voting-based bagging method ensemble to consider various characteristics and avoid overfitting. The variables used for predicting accidents are classified as dependent or independent and the variables that affect the severity of traffic accidents are predicted using the characteristics of causal relationships. Independent variables are classified as categorical and numerical variables. For this reason, a problem arises when the variation among dependent variables is imbalanced. Therefore, a harmonic average is applied to the weights to maintain the variables’ balance and determine the average rate of change. Through this, it is possible to establish objective criteria for determining the severity of traffic accidents, thereby improving reliability.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruaridh A. Clark ◽  
Malcolm Macdonald

AbstractContact networks provide insights on disease spread due to the duration of close proximity interactions. For systems governed by consensus dynamics, network structure is key to optimising the spread of information. For disease spread over contact networks, the structure would be expected to be similarly influential. However, metrics that are essentially agnostic to the network’s structure, such as weighted degree (strength) centrality and its variants, perform near-optimally in selecting effective spreaders. These degree-based metrics outperform eigenvector centrality, despite disease spread over a network being a random walk process. This paper improves eigenvector-based spreader selection by introducing the non-linear relationship between contact time and the probability of disease transmission into the assessment of network dynamics. This approximation of disease spread dynamics is achieved by altering the Laplacian matrix, which in turn highlights why nodes with a high degree are such influential disease spreaders. From this approach, a trichotomy emerges on the definition of an effective spreader where, for susceptible-infected simulations, eigenvector-based selections can either optimise the initial rate of infection, the average rate of infection, or produce the fastest time to full infection of the network. Simulated and real-world human contact networks are examined, with insights also drawn on the effective adaptation of ant colony contact networks to reduce pathogen spread and protect the queen ant.


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