Triboelectric Plasma Decomposition of CO2 at Room Temperature Driven by Mechanical Energy

Abstract Magnetostriction is the emergence of a mechanical deformation induced by an external magnetic field. The conversion of magnetic energy into mechanical energy via magnetostriction at the nanoscale is the basis of many electromechanical systems such as sensors, transducers, actuators, and energy harvesters. However, cryogenic temperatures and large magnetic fields are often required to drive the magnetostriction in such systems, rendering this approach energetically inefficient and impractical for room-temperature device applications. Here, we report the experimental observation of giant magnetostriction in single-crystal nickel nanowires at room temperature. We determined the average values of the magnetostrictive constants of a Ni nanowire from the shifts of the measured diffraction patterns using the 002 and 111 Bragg reflections. At an applied magnetic field of 600 Oe, the magnetostrictive constants have values of λ100 = −0.161% and λ111 = −0.067%, two orders of magnitude larger than those in bulk nickel. Using Bragg coherent diffraction imaging (BCDI), we obtained the three-dimensional strain distribution inside the Ni nanowire, revealing nucleation of local strain fields at two different values of the external magnetic field. Our analysis indicates that the enhancement of the magnetostriction coefficients is mainly due to the increases in the shape, surface-induced, and stress-induced anisotropies, which facilitate magnetization along the nanowire axis and increase the total magnetoelastic energy of the system.

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Effect of H-Doping on Damping Capacity of Various NiTi-Based Alloys at kHz Frequencies

Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology ◽

10.1115/1.2203202 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 128 (3) ◽

pp. 254-259 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

B. Coluzzi ◽

A. Biscarini ◽

G. Mazzolai ◽

F. M. Mazzolai ◽

A. Tuissi

Keyword(s):

Internal Friction ◽

Twin Boundary ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Mechanical Energy ◽

Noise Pollution ◽

Metal Alloy ◽

Maximum Efficiency ◽

Damping Capacity ◽

Good Opportunity ◽

Hydrogen Doping

The internal friction Q−1 and the Young’s modulus E of NiTi based alloys have been measured as a function of temperature after various thermomechanical and hydrogen-doping treatments given to the materials. Hydrogen is found to play a major role introducing tall damping peaks associated with Snoek-type and H-twin boundary relaxations. Levels of Q−1 as high as 0.08 have been detected, which are among the highest to date measured in metal alloy systems. For appropriate alloy compositions, these peaks occur at around room temperature (for acoustical frequencies), thus providing a good opportunity to reduce machinery vibrations and noise pollution. In the paper, the conditions are highlighted under which maximum efficiency can be reached in the conversion of mechanical energy into heat.

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Fibering of Rubber. Time Lag and Its Relation to Rubber Structure

Rubber Chemistry and Technology ◽

10.5254/1.3548020 ◽

1934 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 505-515 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

John D. Long ◽

William E. Singer ◽

Wheeler P. Davey

Keyword(s):

Room Temperature ◽

Mechanical Energy ◽

Amorphous Material ◽

Time Lag ◽

Temperature History ◽

Time Interval ◽

X Rays ◽

Mechanical Working ◽

Typical Data ◽

Lag Effect

Abstract FOR several years it has been known that in the unstretched condition ordinary rubber acts toward x-rays like an amorphous material, but that, when it is sufficiently stretched, it acts toward the rays like a fibrous material. In 1931 Acken, Singer, and Davey (1) reported that at room temperature a time interval was required to build up the fibrous structure in cyclically stretched rubber. Investigation showed that the time-lag effect could not be accounted for in terms of a temperature change during the act of stretching. Even if all the mechanical energy of stretching were instantaneously changed into sensible heat, the temperature of the rubber sample could not have been increased momentarily by more than 5.2° C., whereas the fibering of rubber continuously stretched at 420 per cent elongation could be demonstrated up to a temperature of 47° C. Experimentally no temperature rise greater than 1.0° C. could be found in the samples used. Since the time-lag effect appeared, therefore, to be a real effect, it seemed worth while to study it in detail. It is the purpose of this paper to report: (1) typical data on the effects on the time lag, of temperature, previous temperature history, mechanical working and aging, time of relaxation, time of stretch, and rate of stretch; and (2) the relation of these results to the possible structure of the rubber fiber.

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Rapidly Reversible Organic Crystalline Switch for Conversion of Heat into Mechanical Energy

10.26434/chemrxiv.12657230.v5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Madushani Dharmarwardana ◽

Srimanta Pakhira ◽

Raymond P. Welch ◽

Carlos Caicedo Narvaez ◽

Michael A. Luzuriaga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phase Transition ◽

Solid State ◽

Ambient Temperature ◽

Temperature Change ◽

Temperature Regime ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Mechanical Energy ◽

Reversible Systems ◽

Physical Force ◽

Original Length

<div> <div> <div> <p>Solid state thermosalience—a sudden exertion of an expansive or contractive physical force following a temperature change in a solid state compound—is rare, few are reversible systems, and most of these are limited to a dozen or so cycles before the crystal degrades or they reverse slowly over the course of many minutes or even hours. In this work, we show a fully reversible actuator that is stable at room temperature for multiple years and is capable of actuation for more than two hundred cycles at near ambient temperature. Specifically, the crystals shrink to 90% of its original length instantaneously upon heating beyond 45 °C and expands back to its original length upon cooling below 35 °C. This temperature regime is important because it occurs around physiologically important temperatures. Furthermore, the phase transition occurs instantaneously, with little obvious hysteresis, allowing us to create real-time actuating thermal fuses that cycle between on and off rapidly. </p> </div> </div> </div>

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Rapidly Reversible Organic Crystalline Switch for Conversion of Heat into Mechanical Energy

10.26434/chemrxiv.12657230.v4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Madushani Dharmarwardana ◽

Srimanta Pakhira ◽

Raymond P. Welch ◽

Carlos Caicedo Narvaez ◽

Michael A. Luzuriaga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phase Transition ◽

Solid State ◽

Ambient Temperature ◽

Temperature Change ◽

Temperature Regime ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Mechanical Energy ◽

Reversible Systems ◽

Physical Force ◽

Original Length

<div> <div> <div> <p>Solid state thermosalience—a sudden exertion of an expansive or contractive physical force following a temperature change in a solid state compound—is rare, few are reversible systems, and most of these are limited to a dozen or so cycles before the crystal degrades or they reverse slowly over the course of many minutes or even hours. In this work, we show a fully reversible actuator that is stable at room temperature for multiple years and is capable of actuation for more than two hundred cycles at near ambient temperature. Specifically, the crystals shrink to 90% of its original length instantaneously upon heating beyond 45 °C and expands back to its original length upon cooling below 35 °C. This temperature regime is important because it occurs around physiologically important temperatures. Furthermore, the phase transition occurs instantaneously, with little obvious hysteresis, allowing us to create real-time actuating thermal fuses that cycle between on and off rapidly. </p> </div> </div> </div>

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Rapidly Reversible Organic Crystalline Switch for Conversion of Heat into Mechanical Energy

10.26434/chemrxiv.12657230 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Madushani Dharmarwardana ◽

Srimanta Pakhira ◽

Raymond P. Welch ◽

Carlos Caicedo Narvaez ◽

Michael A. Luzuriaga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phase Transition ◽

Solid State ◽

Ambient Temperature ◽

Temperature Change ◽

Temperature Regime ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Mechanical Energy ◽

Reversible Systems ◽

Physical Force ◽

Original Length

<div> <div> <div> <p>Solid state thermosalience—a sudden exertion of an expansive or contractive physical force following a temperature change in a solid state compound—is rare, few are reversible systems, and most of these are limited to a dozen or so cycles before the crystal degrades or they reverse slowly over the course of many minutes or even hours. In this work, we show a fully reversible actuator that is stable at room temperature for multiple years and is capable of actuation for more than two hundred cycles at near ambient temperature. Specifically, the crystals shrink to 90% of its original length instantaneously upon heating beyond 45 °C and expands back to its original length upon cooling below 35 °C. This temperature regime is important because it occurs around physiologically important temperatures. Furthermore, the phase transition occurs instantaneously, with little obvious hysteresis, allowing us to create real-time actuating thermal fuses that cycle between on and off rapidly. </p> </div> </div> </div>

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Rapidly Reversible Organic Crystalline Switch for Conversion of Heat into Mechanical Energy

10.26434/chemrxiv.12657230.v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Madushani Dharmarwardana ◽

Srimanta Pakhira ◽

Raymond P. Welch ◽

Carlos Caicedo Narvaez ◽

Michael A. Luzuriaga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phase Transition ◽

Solid State ◽

Ambient Temperature ◽

Temperature Change ◽

Temperature Regime ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Mechanical Energy ◽

Reversible Systems ◽

Physical Force ◽

Original Length

<div> <div> <div> <p>Solid state thermosalience—a sudden exertion of an expansive or contractive physical force following a temperature change in a solid state compound—is rare, few are reversible systems, and most of these are limited to a dozen or so cycles before the crystal degrades or they reverse slowly over the course of many minutes or even hours. In this work, we show a fully reversible actuator that is stable at room temperature for multiple years and is capable of actuation for more than two hundred cycles at near ambient temperature. Specifically, the crystals shrink to 90% of its original length instantaneously upon heating beyond 45 °C and expands back to its original length upon cooling below 35 °C. This temperature regime is important because it occurs around physiologically important temperatures. Furthermore, the phase transition occurs instantaneously, with little obvious hysteresis, allowing us to create real-time actuating thermal fuses that cycle between on and off rapidly. </p> </div> </div> </div>

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Could Life Originate between Mica Sheets?: Mechanochemical Biomolecular Synthesis and the Origins of Life

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-1185-ii03-15 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 1185 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Helen Greenwood Hansma

Keyword(s):

Room Temperature ◽

Organic Molecules ◽

Mechanical Energy ◽

Bond Formation ◽

Lipid Vesicles ◽

Darwinian Evolution ◽

Temperature Changes ◽

Materials Properties ◽

Cell Divisions ◽

Carbon Carbon Bond

AbstractThe materials properties of mica have surprising similarities to those of living systems. The mica hypothesis is that life could have originated between mica sheets, which provide stable compartments, mechanical energy for bond formation, and the isolation needed for Darwinian evolution. Mechanical energy is produced by the movement of mica sheets, in response to forces such as ocean currents or temperature changes. The energy of a carbon-carbon bond at room temperature is comparable to a mechanical force of 6 nanoNewtons (nN) moving a distance of 100 picometers. Mica's movements may have facilitated mechanochemistry, resulting in the synthesis of prebiotic organic molecules. Furthermore, mica's movements may have facilitated the earliest cell divisions, at a later stage of life's origins. Mica's movements, pressing on lipid vesicles containing proto-cellular macromolecules, might have facilitated the blebbing off of ‘daughter’ protocells. This blebbing-off process has been observed recently in wall-less L-form bacteria and is proposed to be a remnant of the earliest cell divisions (Leaver, et al. Nature457, 849 (2009).

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Rapidly Reversible Organic Crystalline Switch for Conversion of Heat into Mechanical Energy

10.21203/rs.3.rs-54960/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jeremiah Gassensmith ◽

Madushani Dharmarwardana ◽

Srimanta Pakhira ◽

Raymond Welch ◽

Carlos Caicedo-Narvaez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phase Transition ◽

Solid State ◽

Ambient Temperature ◽

Temperature Change ◽

Temperature Regime ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Mechanical Energy ◽

Reversible Systems ◽

Physical Force ◽

Original Length

Abstract Solid state thermosalience—a sudden exertion of an expansive or contractive physical force following a temperature change in a solid state compound—is rare, few are reversible systems, and most of these are limited to a dozen or so cycles before the crystal degrades or they reverse slowly over the course of many minutes or even hours. In this work, we show a fully reversible actuator that is stable at room temperature for multiple years and is capable of actuation for more than two hundred cycles at near ambient temperature. Specifically, the crystals shrink to 90% of its original length instantaneously upon heating beyond 45 °C and expands back to its original length upon cooling below 35 °C. This temperature regime is important because it occurs around physiologically important temperatures. Furthermore, the phase transition occurs instantaneously, with little obvious hysteresis, allowing us to create real-time actuating thermal fuses that cycle between on and off rapidly.

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