Pretreatment strategies adopted for production of bioethanol from soft wood material of Shorea robusta and Cedrus deodara tree species

Present study was carried out to assess the structure and regeneration of Sal forests in Shiwalik region of Kumaun Himalaya. Vegetation analysis and tree canopy density was determined by using quadrat and densitometer, respectively. Density of seedlings, saplings and trees was 490-14067, 37-1233, and 273-863 ind.ha-1 respectively. The basal area was 0.12-5.44 m2 ha-1 reported for saplings and 25.4-77.6 m2 ha-1 for trees. Regeneration of Sal was found good in Sal mixed dense forest followed by Sal open forest and Sal dense forest, respectively. Regeneration of Sal was assisted by the presence of associated tree species as well as the sufficient sunlight availability on ground due to adequate opening of canopy trees in Sal forest. Thus it is concluded that the density of tree canopy, sunlight availability and also associated tree species impacted the regeneration of Sal in the region.

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Corticolous Lichen Species Diversity on Dominant Trees in Selected Sacred Groves of Paschim Medinipur District, West Bengal, India

Acta Botanica Hungarica ◽

10.1556/034.63.2021.3-4.13 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 63 (3-4) ◽

pp. 447-464

Author(s):

U. K. Sen ◽

R. K. Bhakat

Keyword(s):

Species Diversity ◽

Tree Species ◽

West Bengal ◽

Lichen Species ◽

Growth Forms ◽

Sacred Groves ◽

Community Based ◽

Shorea Robusta ◽

Lichen Diversity ◽

Community Based Conservation

Sacred groves are the fairly well-protected system of community-based conservation of tree patches on account of their association with village gods, and repository of many rare and threatened elements of biodiversity. There are, however, few publications on lichens of sacred groves. The lichens have long been regarded as sensitive indicators for monitoring environmental state. The present study reports one hundred and sixteen species of lichens from forty-four genera of nineteen families in four selected sacred groves of Paschim Medinipur district, West Bengal. These lichens represent two different growth forms, i.e. crustose (105 species) and foliose (11 species). Shorea robusta, a dominant tree species in two sacred groves bears the highest lichen diversity with seventy-four species. To better understand the related biodiversity and climate, this work is likely to promote further studies on lichen diversity in other regions of West Bengal.

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Forest Structure, Composition and Above Ground Biomass of Tree Community in Tropical Dry Forests of Eastern Ghats, India

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb819746 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 125-133 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Sudam Charan SAHU ◽

H.S. SURESH ◽

N.H. RAVINDRANATH

Keyword(s):

Forest Structure ◽

Tree Species ◽

Basal Area ◽

Eastern Ghats ◽

Tropical Dry Forests ◽

Above Ground Biomass ◽

Importance Value ◽

Shorea Robusta ◽

Ground Biomass ◽

C Stocks

The study of biomass, structure and composition of tropical forests implies also the investigation of forest productivity, protection of biodiversity and removal of CO2 from the atmosphere via C-stocks. The hereby study aimed at understanding the forest structure, composition and above ground biomass (AGB) of tropical dry deciduous forests of Eastern Ghats, India, where as a total of 128 sample plots (20 x 20 meters) were laid. The study showed the presence of 71 tree species belonging to 57 genera and 30 families. Dominant tree species was Shorea robusta with an importance value index (IVI) of 40.72, while Combretaceae had the highest family importance value (FIV) of 39.01. Mean stand density was 479 trees ha-1 and a basal area of 15.20 m2 ha-1. Shannon’s diversity index was 2.01 ± 0.22 and Simpson’s index was 0.85 ± 0.03. About 54% individuals were in the size between 10 and 20 cm DBH, indicating growing forests. Mean above ground biomass value was 98.87 ± 68.8 Mg ha-1. Some of the dominant species that contributed to above ground biomass were Shorea robusta (17.2%), Madhuca indica (7.9%), Mangifera indica (6.9%), Terminalia alata (6.9%) and Diospyros melanoxylon (4.4%), warranting extra efforts for their conservation. The results suggested that C-stocks of tropical dry forests can be enhanced by in-situ conserving the high C-density species and also by selecting these species for afforestation and stand improvement programs. Correlations were computed to understand the relationship between above ground biomass, diversity indices, density and basal area, which may be helpful for implementation of REDD+ (reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, and foster conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks) scheme.

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Loss of Tree Biomass in Jure Landslide, Sindhupalchowk, Nepal

Journal of Institute of Science and Technology ◽

10.3126/jist.v21i1.16052 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 65-70

Author(s):

Smrita Acharya ◽

Udhab Raj Khadka

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Allometric Equation ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Tree Biomass ◽

Loss Mitigation ◽

Shorea Robusta ◽

Mountainous Regions ◽

Mountain Environment ◽

Total Tree

Landslide causes massive loss of lives and properties along with intangible losses in mountainous regions. Yet such intangible losses in ecosystems are rarely considered. The present study assesses the tree biomass lost due to Jure landslide in Sindhupalchowk that destroyed 71 hectare of land. Altogether, 12 plots (250 m2) were sampled through systematic and purposive sampling technique. The total tree biomass was estimated using allometric equation. The study recorded 21 tree species in which Schimawallichiii (Korth.), Lagerstroemia parviflora (Roxb.), Shorea robusta (Gaertn.), Alnus nepalensis (D. Don), Phyllanthus emblica (Linn.) and Celtius australis (Linn.) were dominant. Schima wallichiii had the highest density (320 individual ha-1) and frequency (92%). The total biomass of tree species was 216 ton ha-1 in which Schima wallichiii constituted the highest total tree biomass (82 ton ha-1). In 71 ha landslide area, the landslide caused loss of 15,336 tons of total tree biomass, which equals to 56,283 tons CO2 equivalents. These findings are relevant for assessing post-landslide impacts on the mountain environment. Furthermore, to reduce carbon emissions resulting from forest loss, mitigation of landslide is crucial.Journal of Institute of Science and TechnologyVol. 21, No. 1, 2016,Page: 65-70

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Assessment of Biomass Expansion Factor (BEF) and Root-to-shoot Ratio (R) for some Tree Species of Uttarakhand, India

Indian Journal of Forestry ◽

10.54207/bsmps1000-2014-4x81zi ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. 371-377

Author(s):

Laxmi Rawat ◽

Pramod Kumar ◽

Nishita Giri

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Tectona Grandis ◽

Expansion Factor ◽

Pinus Roxburghii ◽

Biomass Expansion Factor ◽

Shorea Robusta ◽

Shoot Ratio ◽

Harvesting Method ◽

Root To Shoot Ratio ◽

Age Series

The present study was conducted in Shorea robusta (sal), Pinus roxburghii (Chir pine), Tectona grandis (Teak) and Ailanthus excelsa (Ardu) plantations of different ages at different sites in Uttarakhand. Biomass was calculated on the basis of complete tree harvesting method (stratified mean tree technique method). Biomass Expansion Factor (BEF) and root-to-shoot ratio (R) of all these 4 tree species have been calculated and presented in this paper. Sample trees of S. robusta were of 45, 53 and 60 years of age. BEF for all these 3 age series were assessed as 1.3 at 45 years, 1.4 at 53 years and 1.2 at 60 years of age. Similarly, R values were assessed as 0.27, 0.28 and 0.26, respectively, in these 3 age series. BEF and R values assessed for T. grandis (28 years age) as 1.46 and 0.21; and for A. excelsa (39 years age) as 1.23 and 0.23, respectively. BEF for P. roxburghii trees calculated as 2.3 for 13 years age, 1.75 for 20 years, 1.71 for 22 years, 1.5 for 33 years and 1.46 for trees of 45 years of age. Similarly, R values were 0.2 for 13 years, 0.21 for 20 years, 0.12 for 22 years, 0.13 for 33 years and 0.15 for 45 years of age. P. roxburghii sample trees have shown decreasing order of BEF with increasing age, whereas S. robusta has not shown such trend along the chronosequence.

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Vegetation Analysis of Namuna Community Forest of Salbari, Sanischare VDC in Jhapa District, Eastern Nepal

Journal of Natural History Museum ◽

10.3126/jnhm.v23i0.1834 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 23 ◽

pp. 12-15

Author(s):

Krishna Prasad Bhattarai

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Forest Conservation ◽

Basal Area ◽

Mean Value ◽

Forest Community ◽

Total Density ◽

Community Forest ◽

History Museum ◽

Shorea Robusta ◽

Vegetation Study

Vegetation study was carried out in an afforested land called Namuna Community Forest in Salbari, Sanischare, VDC, Jhapa, District. Random samplings for estimation of density, frequency, basal area and IVI were carried out by laying quadrates (10m x 10 m) at different sites of forest, three times and mean value was calculated. Nine tree species were recorded during field study. Total density of 10,410 pl/ha and total basal area of 33.956 m2/ha of tree species were recorded. The value of density (1790 pl/ha), basal area (31.45m2/ha) and IVI (130.63) were found highest for Shorea robusta, which is ecologically successful species in this forest. Lower value of basal area showed that this forest is young and regenerating. Other tree species had comparatively lower value of density, basal area and IVI due to regular human inte rference. Therefore an example of establishing forest community so as to initiate the conservation of local biodiversity has been discussed in this article.Key words: Community forest; conservation; IVI estimation; regenerating; Shorea robustaJournal of Natural History Museum Vol. 23, 2008 Page 12-15

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Non-invasive imaging reveals convergence in root and stem vulnerability to cavitation across five tree species

Journal of Experimental Botany ◽

10.1093/jxb/eraa381 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 71 (20) ◽

pp. 6623-6637

Author(s):

Jennifer M R Peters ◽

Alice Gauthey ◽

Rosana Lopez ◽

Madeline R Carins-Murphy ◽

Timothy J Brodribb ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Plant Responses ◽

Cedrus Deodara ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Stress Vulnerability ◽

Vulnerability To Cavitation ◽

Wide Range ◽

Eucalyptus Crebra ◽

The Difference ◽

Acacia Aneura

Abstract Root vulnerability to cavitation is challenging to measure and under-represented in current datasets. This gap limits the precision of models used to predict plant responses to drought because roots comprise the critical interface between plant and soil. In this study, we measured vulnerability to drought-induced cavitation in woody roots and stems of five tree species (Acacia aneura, Cedrus deodara, Eucalyptus crebra, Eucalytus saligna, and Quercus palustris) with a wide range of xylem anatomies. X-ray microtomography was used to visualize the accumulation of xylem embolism in stems and roots of intact plants that were naturally dehydrated to varying levels of water stress. Vulnerability to cavitation, defined as the water potential causing a 50% loss of hydraulic function (P50), varied broadly among the species (–4.51 MPa to –11.93 MPa in stems and –3.13 MPa to –9.64 MPa in roots). The P50 of roots and stems was significantly related across species, with species that had more vulnerable stems also having more vulnerable roots. While there was strong convergence in root and stem vulnerability to cavitation, the P50 of roots was significantly higher than the P50 of stems in three species. However, the difference in root and stem vulnerability for these species was small; between 1% and 31% of stem P50. Thus, while some differences existed between organs, roots were not dramatically more vulnerable to embolism than stems, and the differences observed were less than those reported in previous studies. Further study is required to evaluate the vulnerability across root orders and to extend these conclusions to a greater number of species and xylem functional types.

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Forest Composition, Fuelwood Harvest and Regeneration Status in Four Community Forests of Central Nepal

Scientific World ◽

10.3126/sw.v7i7.3826 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 7 (7) ◽

pp. 53-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ghanashyam Subedi ◽

Binod Khatiwada ◽

Sandesh Bhattarai ◽

Kamal Prasad Acharya

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Forest Community ◽

Forest Composition ◽

Community Forest ◽

Community Forests ◽

Shorea Robusta ◽

Regeneration Status ◽

Central Nepal ◽

Scientific World ◽

Castanopsis Indica

Present study aims to explore forest composition, fuelwood harvest and regeneration status in two community forests of central Nepal. We carried out our study in different periods of 2007 and 2008. Household surveys were conducted to find the condition of fuelwood harvest and people dependency on community forest. Community forests of Nawalparasi districts are dominated by Shorea robusta whereas community forests of Syanja district are dominated by Castanopsis indica and Schima wallichii with highest IVI value. Percapita fuelwood consumption and domestic animals are higher in Nawalparasi district than in Syanja district. Grasses are the main source of fodder in Nawalparasi district whereas trees in Syanja district. Farmland is the main source for fodder in both the districts but even higher in Syanja district. For fuelwood people depend on forest than the farmland. Dominant tree species in Patapati Lulpani Community Forest (PLCF) showed reverse J-shaped size class distribution indicating sustainable regeneration whereas dominant tree species in Gamtam Community Forest (GCF), Dhuseri Community Forest (DCF) and Bhedawari Community Forest (BCF) showed poor regeneration status. Key words: Community forest; Forest composition; Fuelwood harvest; Regeneration. DOI: 10.3126/sw.v7i7.3826 Scientific World Vol.7(7) 2009 pp.53-58

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Assessment of genetic diversity in Shorea robusta: an economically important tropical tree species

Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology ◽

10.7324/jabb.2017.50218 ◽

2017 ◽

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Tree Species ◽

Tropical Tree ◽

Shorea Robusta ◽

Tropical Tree Species

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Tree species diversity and structural composition: The case of Durgapur Hill Forest, Netrokona, Bangladesh

Asian Journal of Forestry ◽

10.13057/asianjfor/r030102 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 10-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

MD. RAYHANUR RAHMAN ◽

Md. MIZANUR RAHMAN ◽

Md. ARIF CHOWDHURY ◽

JARIN AKHTER

Keyword(s):

Species Diversity ◽

Tree Species ◽

Stand Structure ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Acacia Auriculiformis ◽

Tree Species Diversity ◽

Individual Tree ◽

Height Range ◽

Structural Composition ◽

Shorea Robusta

Abstract. Rahman MdR, Rahman MdM, Chowdhury MdA, Akhter J. 2019. Tree species diversity and structural composition: The case of Durgapur Hill Forest, Netrokona, Bangladesh. Asian J For 3: 10-19. Tree species diversity and stand structure of Durgapur hill forest were assessed through stratified random sampling method using sample plots of 20 m x 20 m in size during the period of October 2017 to May 2018. A total of 1436 stems of ≥5 cm DBH of 56 tree species belonging to 50 genera and 29 families were enumerated from sample area. Density (855 stem ha-1) and Basal area (29.27 m2 ha-1) of tree species were enumerated. Besides, Shannon-Wiener’s, Margalef’s, Simpson’s and Pielou’s diversity index were recorded for all the tree species. The study showed that the most dominant 10 species have 58% of the total IVI (174.29 out of 300). Where, Acacia auriculiformis showed the maximum Importance Value Index (51.02) followed by Shorea robusta (24.23). Number of individual tree species were highest (49) in the height range of 7- <12 m whereas maximum (52) species were recorded in the DBH (cm) range of 5- <10 cm. However, Acacia auriculiformis, Shorea robusta, and Tectona grandis were found as the most dominant species based on hierarchical cluster analysis. Therefore, current study will be helpful to the future policymakers in formulating forest resource management plan of Durgapur hill forest.

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