scholarly journals Loss of Tree Biomass in Jure Landslide, Sindhupalchowk, Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Smrita Acharya ◽  
Udhab Raj Khadka

Landslide causes massive loss of lives and properties along with intangible losses in mountainous regions. Yet such intangible losses in ecosystems are rarely considered. The present study assesses the tree biomass lost due to Jure landslide in Sindhupalchowk that destroyed 71 hectare of land. Altogether, 12 plots (250 m2) were sampled through systematic and purposive sampling technique. The total tree biomass was estimated using allometric equation. The study recorded 21 tree species in which Schimawallichiii (Korth.), Lagerstroemia parviflora (Roxb.), Shorea robusta (Gaertn.), Alnus nepalensis (D. Don), Phyllanthus emblica (Linn.) and Celtius australis (Linn.) were dominant. Schima wallichiii had the highest density (320 individual ha-1) and frequency (92%). The total biomass of tree species was 216 ton ha-1 in which Schima wallichiii constituted the highest total tree biomass (82 ton ha-1). In 71 ha landslide area, the landslide caused loss of 15,336 tons of total tree biomass, which equals to 56,283 tons CO2 equivalents. These findings are relevant for assessing post-landslide impacts on the mountain environment. Furthermore, to reduce carbon emissions resulting from forest loss, mitigation of landslide is crucial.Journal of Institute of Science and TechnologyVol. 21, No. 1, 2016,Page: 65-70

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dehai Zhao ◽  
James Westfall ◽  
John W. Coulston ◽  
Thomas B. Lynch ◽  
Bronson P. Bullock ◽  
...  

Both aggregative and disaggregative strategies were used to develop additive nonlinear biomass equations for slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) trees in the southeastern United States. In the aggregative approach, the total tree biomass equation was specified by aggregating the expectations of component biomass models, and their parameters were estimated by jointly fitting all component and total biomass equations using weighted nonlinear seemingly unrelated regression (NSUR) (SUR1) or by jointly fitting component biomass equations using weighted NSUR (SUR2). In an alternative disaggregative approach (DRM), the biomass component proportions were modeled using Dirichlet regression, and the estimated total tree biomass was disaggregated into biomass components based on their estimated proportions. There was no single system to predict biomass that was best for all components and total tree biomass. The ranking of the three systems based on an array of fit statistics followed the order of SUR2 > SUR1 > DRM. All three systems provided more accurate biomass predictions than previously published equations.


2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dedi Hermon

This research aimed at designing the model of land cover changes in 1990 and 2014, and estimating carbon stock changes in each land cover in Leuser Ecosystem Area (LEA). The spatial model of land cover changes was analyzed by interpreting Landsat 5 TM imagery in 1990 and Landsat 7 ETM+ imagery in 2014 with ERDAS 9.1 and Land Change Modeller (LCM) in Idrisi TerrSet v.18. The analysis of land area changes (ha) in each land cover from 1990 to 2014 used ERDAS 9.1 with tools Interpreter (GIS Analysis-Matrix). Systematic survey method was employed in order to analyze carbon stocks. The sampling technique was stratified purposive composite sampling which used plot technique. The estimate of tree biomass used allometric equation. The estimate of carbon stocks in each land cover in 1990 was measured based on the total of carbon stocks in 2014 which was conversed with the areas of each land cover in 1990. Spatial model of land cover changes in LEA in 1990-2014 showed the changes of area in each land cover which caused the changes of carbon stocks in each land cover as well.


2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Andes Hamuraby Rozak ◽  
Sri Astutik ◽  
Zaenal Mutaqien ◽  
Didik Widyatmoko ◽  
Endah Sulistyawati

Hiperdominansi jenis dan biomassa adalah suatu konsep yang menjelaskan pentingnya sebagian kecil jenis dan biomassa relatif terhadap rata-rata biomassa pohon pada suatu kawasan hutan. Pemahaman pada konsep ini berimplikasi pada upaya monitoring kawasan hutan khususnya bagi spesies penyumbang biomassa terbesar dan membantu pemahaman pada proses restorasi ekologinya. Analisis hiperdominansi jenis dan kontribusi pohon besar (DBH>50 cm) terhadap biomassa pohon telah dilakukan di kawasan hutan Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango (TNGGP). Sejumlah 26 plot pengamatan telah dibuat pada 26 level ketinggian yang berbeda (1013-3010 m dpl) dan dikelompokkan menjadi tiga zona yaitu zona submontana, montana, dan subalpine. Pohon-pohon yang terdapat dalam plot pengamatan kemudian dikelompokkan menjadi 3 kelompok diameter yaitu pohon kecil (5-30 cm), pohon sedang (30-50 cm), dan pohon besar (>50 cm). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa hiperdominansi jenis terjadi di hutan TNGGP. Empat jenis pohon dari 114 jenis yang teridentifikasi yaitu Schima wallichii, Altingia excelsa, Vaccinium varingiaefolium, dan Castanopsis acuminatissima merepresentasikan 56,96% dari total biomassa pohon yang ada di plot TNGGP. Lebih lanjut, pohon kecil dan besar diketahui sebagai penyumbang biomassa yang sangat signifikan dibandingkan pohon sedang. Pada level plot penelitian, pohon dengan DBH>50 cm yang berjumlah 192 individu (atau 13%) dari 1471 individu pohon mampu merepresentasikan 61,4% dari total biomassanya. Namun demikian, pada level kawasan hutan, pohon kecil dan pohon besar memiliki kontribusi yang sama signifikannya terhadap biomassa per hektarnya yaitu masing-masing sebesar 40,9% dan 38,77%. Hasil-hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa hanya sedikit jenis pohon saja mampu merepresentasikan sebagian besar dari total biomassa pohon. Pohon-pohon kecil dan besar diketahui memainkan peranan yang penting dalam biomassa di hutan TNGGP.Hyperdominance of Tree Species and Biomass in Mount Gede Pangrango National Park, IndonesiaAbstractThe hyperdominance of tree species and biomass is a concept explaining the importance of a small portion of species and biomass relative to the average of biomass in a forested area. Understanding this concept has important implication on forest monitoring, especially to monitor the most significant species that show high contributes on biomass and its ecological restoration. Hyperdominance analysis of tree species and large trees (DBH > 50 cm) contribution to tree biomass were investigated in tropical mountain forest of Mount Gede Pangrango National Park (TNGGP). A total of 26 sample plots were installed in 26 different altitude between 1013 and 3010 m asl and grouped into three zones i.e. submontane, montane, and subalpine zones. Trees within plot were identified, measured, and grouped into three groups i.e. small (DBH 5-30 cm), medium (DBH 30-50 cm), and large trees (DBH>50 cm). The result showed that there were hyperdominant in TNGGP. Four species from 114 identified tree species i.e. Schima wallichii, Altingia excelsa, Vaccinium varingiaefolium, and Castanopsis acuminatissima represented 56.96% of the total biomass in the plot level. Furthermore, only 13% of trees from 1471 trees responsible for 61.4% of the total tree biomass in the plot level. However, small and large trees have similar significant contribution to the average biomass in the forest level i.e. 40.9% and 38.77%, respectively. These results suggest that only few species represent a huge amount of biomass. Both small and large trees play important role in the forest biomass of TNGGP.


1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1648-1659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan G Martin ◽  
Brian D Kloeppel ◽  
Tara L Schaefer ◽  
Darrin L Kimbler ◽  
Steven G McNulty

Allometric equations were developed for mature trees of 10 deciduous species (Acer rubrum L., Betula lenta L., Carya spp., Cornus florida L., Liriodendron tulipifera L., Oxydendrum arboreum (L.) DC., Quercus alba L., Quercus coccinea Muenchh., Quercus prinus L., and Quercus rubra L.) at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in western North Carolina, U.S.A. These equations included the following dependent variables: stem wood mass, stem bark mass, branch mass, total wood mass, foliage mass, total biomass, foliage area, stem surface area, sapwood volume, and total tree volume. High correlation coefficients (R2) were observed for all variables versus stem diameter, with the highest being for total tree biomass, which ranged from 0.981 for Oxydendrum arboreum to 0.999 for Quercus coccinea. Foliage area had the lowest R2 values, ranging from 0.555 for Quercus alba to 0.962 for Betula lenta. When all species were combined, correlation coefficients ranged from 0.822 for foliage area to 0.986 for total wood mass, total tree biomass, and total tree volume. Species with ring versus diffuse/semiring porous wood anatomy exhibited higher leaf area with a given cross-sectional sapwood area as well as lower total sapwood volume. Liriodendron tulipifera contained one of the highest foliar nitrogen concentrations and had consistently low branch, bark, sapwood, and heartwood nitrogen contents. For a tree diameter of 50 cm, Carya spp. exhibited the highest total nitrogen content whereas Liriodendron tulipifera exhibited the lowest.


2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
S. Bhattarai ◽  
B. Bhatta ◽  
R. Tamang

Tree species are the dominant component of forest ecosystems which influence most structural and functional attributes of these ecosystems. This study aims to document distribution pattern of forest types and their composition from tropical region at Hetauda (550 m asl) to temperate region above Simbhangyang (2500 m asl) of Makawanpur district, central Nepal. The carbon stock in the living biomass of tree  species was estimated using an allometric equation while the biodiversity index was calculated using Shannon-Wiener Biodiversity index. A total of 62 species of trees belonging to 51 genera was recorded. Shorea forest was dominant in lower elevation while Quercus forest, Alnus-Rhododendron, Quercus-Lyonia and Quercus-Symplocos forests at higher elevation. Similarly, Castanopsis tribuloides has the widest distribution range (570 m to 2240 m asl) followed by Shorea robusta, Lagerstroemia parviflora, Trichilia connaroides, Syzigium jambos, Castanopsis indica, Schima wallichii etc. The highest number of tree species was recorded at 550 m elevation. Estimated carbon stocks were ranged from 0.85 — 53.37 t/ha with the mean value 24.98 t/ha. The values of Shannon-Wiener Biodiversity index ranged from 1.23— 2.78. There was positive relationship between carbon stock and biodiversity index (R2 = 0.40, p = 0.03). People have been practicing community forest management to support sustainability of harvesting in the study area.Banko JanakariA Journal of Forestry Information for NepalVol. 28, No. 1, 2018, page: 20-25  


2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 640 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Jonson ◽  
D. Freudenberger

In the south-western region of Australia, allometric relationships between tree dimensional measurements and total tree biomass were developed for estimating carbon sequestered in native eucalypt woodlands. A total of 71 trees representing eight local native species from three genera were destructively sampled. Within this sample set, below ground measurements were included for 51 trees, enabling the development of allometric equations for total biomass applicable to small, medium, and large native trees. A diversity of tree dimensions were recorded and regressed against biomass, including stem diameter at 130 cm (DBH), stem diameter at ground level, stem diameter at 10 cm, stem diameter at 30 cm, total tree height, height of canopy break and mean canopy diameter. DBH was consistently highly correlated with above ground, below ground and total biomass. However, measurements of stem diameters at 0, 10 and 30 cm, and mean canopy diameter often displayed equivalent and at times greater correlation with tree biomass. Multi-species allometric equations were also developed, including ‘Mallee growth form’ and ‘all-eucalypt’ regressions. These equations were then applied to field inventory data collected from three locally dominant woodland types and eucalypt dominated environmental plantings to create robust relationships between biomass and stand basal area. This study contributes the predictive equations required to accurately quantify the carbon sequestered in native woodland ecosystems in the low rainfall region of south-western Australia.


1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 70-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajendra Acharya ◽  
Babat Babu Shrestha

Understanding vegetation structure and regeneration in community forests in important for management planning. The present work was done during September to October 2005. The information on forest management practices was collected by Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) which included field observation, interviews and focus group discussion. A total of 125 plant species belonging to 55 families with 36 tree species, 50 shrubs and 39 herbs were recorded from the 0.7 ha sampling area. The total tree density and basal area at South-East (SE) facing slope was 595 pl/ha and 29.68 m²/ha, respectively, where Terminalia alata was the most dominant with highest importance value index (IVI). On the other hand, total tree density and basal area was 453 pl/ha and 41.78 m²/ha, respectively, at South-West (SW) facing slope, where Shorea robusta was the most dominant with the highest IVI. Total shrub/sapling density was 4708 pl/ha at SE slope and 4137 pl/ha at SW slope. Similarly, total herb/seedling density was 10.86 pl/m² at SE slope and 9.79 pl/m² at SW slope. The total number of tree species (S) in tree stage was higher at SE slope than at SW slope and the number of species in shrub layer was higher at SE slope than at SW slope. The two slopes had nearly equal number of species in herbaceous layer. Higher species diversity (H) of different lifeforms was found at SW slope. The SW slope had higher species evenness (J) and Simpson’s index of dominance (C) for all life forms than at SE slope. High similarity index for all tree, shrub/sapling and herb/seedling layers (63.63%, 84.61% and 77.10% respectively) were found between two sites. Alpha (α) diversity for shrub layer was higher at SE slope whereas beta (β) diversity for tree layer was higher at SW slope than at SE slope. Regeneration of Shorea robusta and Terminalia alata was continuous because density increased from tree, sapling to seedlings with a typical reverse J shaped size class diagram at both slope. But regeneration of S. robusta at SW slope was sporadic. The reccurence of forest fire during summer season has appeared as a major problem for the management of forest. The active participation of the local people in forest conservation activities can be effective for sustainable management of forest. Keywords: Community forestry; Vegetation; Regeneration; Size class diagram; Shorea robusta; Terminalia alata. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sw.v9i9.5523 SW 2011; 9(9): 70-81


2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 960-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
W A Retzlaff ◽  
J A Handest ◽  
D M O'Malley ◽  
S E McKeand ◽  
M A Topa

To assess the contribution of belowground biomass allocation towards total carbon (C) allocation of two provenances of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), we examined the total biomass allocation of a fast- and slow-growing family from each provenance. Since planting on a xeric, infertile site in Scotland County, N.C., U.S.A., trees in this study have been subjected to one of two nutrient treatments: optimal nutrition or control (no fertilization). Total biomass of 24 (1 tree/family plot × 2 families × 2 provenances × 2 treatments × 3 blocks) 5-year-old (juvenile) trees was harvested in January 1998. Fertilization increased total root, total shoot, and total tree biomass in all families as compared with harvested trees in control plots. Fertilization also increased biomass of coarse-root, woody-root, taproot, stem, branch, and foliar components of families as compared with trees in control plots. Although there were treatment and family differences in standing-crop biomass of the total root, total shoot, total tree, and various individual root and shoot components, the percent biomass (whole-tree) allocation to these tissues remained similar across treatments. Total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) analysis indicated some treatment, family, and provenance differences in TNC concentrations and partitioning to starch and soluble sugars. At the time of harvest, TNC concentrations of belowground tissues were much higher than those of aboveground tissues, and enhanced partitioning towards starch in root tissues indicates an important C storage role for belowground tissues at this time. Indeed, more than 90% of the trees starch content was present in root tissue in January. Although constrained by a sample size of three harvested trees per family, this study suggests that biomass allocation on a whole-tree level was similar between fast- and slow-growing families of different provenances of juvenile loblolly pine and was not affected by fertilizer treatment.


2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 264-271
Author(s):  
Thi Thu Huong Dang ◽  
Huu Thu Do ◽  
Minh Quang Trinh ◽  
Hung Manh Nguyen ◽  
Thi Tuyet Xuan Bui ◽  
...  

Stem diameter at breast height (D1.3m) and tree height (H) are commonly used measures of tree growth. Based on correlation analysis between biomass of stem, branches and leaves and stem diameter and height of tree we can identify allometric equation for predicting biomass and carbon sequestration of the vegetation. This study was carried out in the natural forests of Me Linh Station for biodiversity to develop allometric equation between biomass and diameter at breast height and height of tree. The study results indicated that twenty tree species dominate in natural forests in Me Linh Station for Biodiversity and they were selected for sampling. Through the 80 established linear equation models for above and below –ground biomass (AGB and BGB), we found that the biomass of tree species in Me Linh Station for Biodiversity were closely correlated with the diameter factor (R>0.902) and not clearly correlated with the height (correlation coefficient = 0.5498, R2< 0.549). Four regression equations were established, including: Pstem = 25.3051*(D1.3m)0.4627 (R2 : 9.661); Pbranch = 12.1043*(D1.3m)0.5416 (R2 : 9.8); Pleaves = 9.446*(D1.3m)0.5976 (R2 : 0.9363); P total biomass of forest = 25.882*D1.725 with R2: 0.8561) for estimating biomass and carbon sequestration of natural forest at the research site. Đường kính ngang ngực (D1.3m) và chiều cao (H) cây là hai nhân tố thường được dùng để đánh giá sự phát triển của cây gỗ. Việc xây dựng các phương trình tương quan giữa sinh khối (SK) thân, cành, lá, sinh khối tầng cây gỗ, sinh khối của quần xã thực vật với đường kính và chiều cao cây góp phần rất lớn trong dự báo sinh khối và khả năng hấp thụ khí carbon của thảm thực vật. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy 20 loài cây gỗ chiếm ưu thế trong rừng tự nhiên và chúng được chọn để thu mẫu. Mối tương quan giữa sinh khối với 2 nhân tố điều tra rừng là đường kính ngang ngực và chiều cao cây đã đươc kiểm tra thông qua 80 phương trình tương quan. Nhìn chung, sinh khối có tương quan chặt chẽ với nhân tố đường kính (hệ số tương quan R > 0,902), và không tương quan rõ với nhân tố chiều cao (R < 0,5498). Bốn phương trình tính sinh khối cho thảm rừng tại khu vực nghiên cứu đã được thiết lập: SKthân = 25,3051*(D1,3m)0,4627 (R2: 9,661); SKcành: 12,1043*(D1,3m)0,5416 (R2: 9,8); SKlá: 9,446*(D1,3m)0,5976 (R2: 0,9363) và SKtổng = 25,882*D1,725 with R2: 0,8561).


2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bohdan Konôpka ◽  
Jozef Pajtík

Abstract The study focuses on two young stands of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and Norway spruce (Picea abies) of the same age (12-yearold) with similar sized trees grown at near identical sites. After performing a destructive sampling technique which included all tree compartments except fine roots; allometric equations were constructed for all tree components. Diameter at stem base (do) was utilized as an independent variable for the equations. The models expressed not only biomass of woody parts (branches, stem and coarse roots) and foliage but also foliage area and specific leaf area (SLA). Results indicate that the basic morphological properties of foliage vary in both species along the vertical crown profile. In spruce, contrasting values of needle area and SLA were recorded among needle sets (based on year of establishment). On a tree level, both spruce and beech had similar foliage areas however, beech had a larger biomass comprising of woody parts while spruce biomass was dominated by foliage. Therefore the leaf mass ratio (LMR) defined as the ratio between foliage biomass and total tree biomass, as well as leaf area ratio (LAR) defined as the ratio between leaf area and total tree biomass were much larger in spruce than in beech species. On a stand level, spruce manifested a higher value (18.64 m2.m−2) of leaf area index (LAI) than beech (12.77 m2.m−2). Moreover, while the biomass of foliage was 4.6 times higher in spruce than in beech, total biomass of woody parts were similar in both stands. These contrasts indicate very different growth strategies and biomass allocations between beech and spruce at the young growth stages


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