Modality-specific overlaps in brain structure and function in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Multimodal meta-analysis of case-control MRI studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 83-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Picó-Pérez ◽  
Pedro Silva Moreira ◽  
Vanessa de Melo Ferreira ◽  
Joaquim Radua ◽  
David Mataix-Cols ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Mri Studies ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Correlational research on facial and clinical characteristics of adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Rong Wang ◽  
Shao-hua Chang ◽  
Xiao-Min Ma ◽  
Ji-Ying Li ◽  
Rui-Xia Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Facial Morphology ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Initial Symptoms ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
And Function

Abstract Background The neurodevelopmental model of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) suggests that the neurodevelopmental changes in the ventral striatal circuit of the prefrontal lobe are associated with the initial symptoms of OCD. Facial morphology is one of the most consistent anatomical phenotypes of neurodevelopmental disorders, which can reflect brain structure and function. Facial deformity, an easily measured index of brain malformation, can reflect abnormal brain structure and function. Therefore, this study aims to explore the relationship between clinical features and neurodevelopment of adolescents with OCD through facial morphology. Methods The enrolled study sample comprised 40 adolescents diagnosed with OCD using the Obsessive Compulsive Inventory-Child Version (OCI-CV) and 38 healthy controls (HCs). Facial photos, 21 facial diameters, and 9 facial angles were collected using image software. Results In males, lower lip red height was significantly lower in OCD patients than in HCs (P < 0.025); no significant differences were observed in other facial indicators (all P > 0.025). In females, the nasolabial angle was smaller in OCD patients than in HCs (P < 0.025); no significant differences were observed in other facial indicators (all P > 0.025). The difference in lower lip red height between the OCD group and HC group was positively correlated with neutralizing symptoms (r = 0.401, P < 0.05). Conclusions Male OCD patients had a thinner lower lip and female OCD patients had smaller nasolabial angles. The facial features of adolescents with OCD were positively correlated with lower lip redness and neutralizing symptoms.

scholarly journals The Meditative Mind: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis of MRI Studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maddalena Boccia ◽  
Laura Piccardi ◽  
Paola Guariglia
Keyword(s):  
Brain Structure ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Meditation Practice ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
And Function

Over the past decade mind and body practices, such as yoga and meditation, have raised interest in different scientific fields; in particular, the physiological mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects observed in meditators have been investigated. Neuroimaging studies have studied the effects of meditation on brain structure and function and findings have helped clarify the biological underpinnings of the positive effects of meditation practice and the possible integration of this technique in standard therapy. The large amount of data collected thus far allows drawing some conclusions about the neural effects of meditation practice. In the present study we used activation likelihood estimation (ALE) analysis to make a coordinate-based meta-analysis of neuroimaging data on the effects of meditation on brain structure and function. Results indicate that meditation leads to activation in brain areas involved in processing self-relevant information, self-regulation, focused problem-solving, adaptive behavior, and interoception. Results also show that meditation practice induces functional and structural brain modifications in expert meditators, especially in areas involved in self-referential processes such as self-awareness and self-regulation. These results demonstrate that a biological substrate underlies the positive pervasive effect of meditation practice and suggest that meditation techniques could be adopted in clinical populations and to prevent disease.

scholarly journals Mindfulness-based and acceptance-based programmes in the treatment of obsessive–compulsive disorder: a study protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e050329
Author(s):  
Johannes Julian Bürkle ◽  
Johannes Caspar Fendel ◽  
Stefan Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

IntroductionCognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) with exposure and response prevention is the recommended standard for the treatment of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). However, a high proportion of patients refuse this treatment, do not respond or relapse shortly after treatment. Growing evidence suggests that mindfulness-based and acceptance-based programmes (MABPs) are an effective option for the treatment of OCD. This systematic review and meta-analysis will examine the effectiveness of MABPs in treating OCD. We also aimed to explore potential moderators of the programmes’ effectiveness.Methods and analysisWe will systematically search MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, PSYINDEX, Web of Science, CINAHL and Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials (no language restrictions) for studies that evaluate the effect of MABPs on patients with OCD. We will conduct backward and forward citation searches of included studies and relevant reviews and contact corresponding authors. The primary outcome will be pre-post intervention change in symptom severity. A secondary outcome will be change in depressive symptoms. Two reviewers will independently screen the records, extract the data and rate the methodological quality of the studies. We will include both controlled and uncontrolled trials. Randomised controlled trials will be meta-analysed, separately assessing between-group effects. A second meta-analysis will assess the within-group effect of all eligible studies. We will explore moderators and sources of heterogeneity such as the specific programme, study design, changes in depressive symptoms, hours of guided treatment, control condition and prior therapy (eg, CBT) using metaregression and subgroup analyses. We will perform sensitivity analyses using follow-up data. A narrative synthesis will also be pursued. We will use the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system to assess the quality of the evidence.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at international conferences.

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