scholarly journals Lentiviral-mediated knock-down of GD3 synthase protects against MPTP-induced motor deficits and neurodegeneration

2019 ◽  
Vol 692 ◽  
pp. 53-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anandh Dhanushkodi ◽  
Yi Xue ◽  
Emily E. Roguski ◽  
Yun Ding ◽  
Shannon G. Matta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Knock Down ◽  
Gd3 Synthase

AAC Supports for Individuals With Rett Syndrome Across the Lifespan

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-85
Author(s):  
Sandra M. Grether
Keyword(s):  
Rett Syndrome ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Complex Profile ◽  
Communication Behaviors ◽  
The Individual

Individuals with Rett syndrome (RS) present with a complex profile. They benefit from a multidisciplinary approach for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. In our clinic, the Communication Matrix © (Rowland, 1990/1996/2004) is used to collect data about the communication skills and modalities used by those with RS across the lifespan. Preliminary analysis of this data supports the expected changes in communication behaviors as the individual with RS ages and motor deficits have a greater impact.

Rating Spinal Nerve Extremity Impairment Using the Sixth Edition

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Brigham
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Root ◽  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
Upper Extremities ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Nerve Injuries ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Federal Employee ◽  
Nerve Root Injury ◽  
Root Injury ◽  
Rating Process

Abstract The AMAGuides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Sixth Edition, does not provide a separate mechanism for rating spinal nerve injuries as extremity impairment; radiculopathy was reflected in the spinal rating process in Chapter 17, The Spine and Pelvis. Certain jurisdictions, such as the Federal Employee Compensation Act (FECA), rate nerve root injury as impairment involving the extremities rather than as part of the spine. This article presents an approach to rate spinal nerve impairments consistent with the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition, methodology. This approach should be used only when a jurisdiction requires ratings for extremities and precludes rating for the spine. A table in this article compares sensory and motor deficits according to the AMA Guides, Sixth and Fifth Editions; evaluators should be aware of changes between editions in methodology used to assign the final impairment. The authors present two tables regarding spinal nerve impairment: one for the upper extremities and one for the lower extremities. Both tables were developed using the methodology defined in the sixth edition. Using these tables and the process defined in the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition, evaluators can rate spinal nerve impairments for jurisdictions that do not permit rating for the spine and require rating for radiculopathy as an extremity impairment.

Quick Reference: Chapter 3: The Musculoskeletal System and Chapter 4: The Nervous System

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-4
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Multistep Method ◽  
Manual Muscle Testing ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Lower Extremity Weakness ◽  
Residual Symptoms ◽  
Muscle Testing ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Lesions of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), whether due to injury or illness, commonly result in residual symptoms and signs and, hence, permanent impairment. The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Fourth Edition, divides PNS deficits into sensory and motor and includes pain in the former. This article, which regards rating sensory and motor deficits of the lower extremities, is continued from the March/April 2000 issue of The Guides Newsletter. Procedures for rating extremity neural deficits are described in Chapter 3, The Musculoskeletal System, section 3.1k for the upper extremity and sections 3.2k and 3.2l for the lower limb. Sensory deficits and dysesthesia are both disorders of sensation, but the former can be interpreted to mean diminished or absent sensation (hypesthesia or anesthesia) Dysesthesia implies abnormal sensation in the absence of a stimulus or unpleasant sensation elicited by normal touch. Sections 3.2k and 3.2d indicate that almost all partial motor loss in the lower extremity can be rated using Table 39. In addition, Section 4.4b and Table 21 indicate the multistep method used for spinal and some additional nerves and be used alternatively to rate lower extremity weakness in general. Partial motor loss in the lower extremity is rated by manual muscle testing, which is described in the AMA Guides in Section 3.2d.

Peripheral Nerve and Brachial Plexus Impairment, AMA Guides, Sixth Edition

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-5
Author(s):  
James B. Talmage ◽  
Jay Blaisdell
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Upper Extremities ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Type I ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Nerve Entrapments

Abstract Physicians use a variety of methodologies within the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Sixth Edition, to rate nerve injuries depending on the type of injury and location of the nerve. Traumatic injuries that cause impairment to the peripheral or brachial plexus nerves are rated using Section 15.4e, Peripheral Nerve and Brachial Plexus Impairment, for upper extremities and Section 16.4c, Peripheral Nerve Rating Process, for lower extremities. Verifiable nerve lesions that incite the symptoms of complex regional pain syndrome, type II (similar to the former concept of causalgia), also are rated in these sections. Nerve entrapments, which are not isolated traumatic events, are rated using the methodology in Section 15.4f, Entrapment Neuropathy. Type I complex regional pain syndrome is rated using Section 15.5, Complex Regional Pain Syndrome for upper extremities or Section 16.5, Complex Regional Pain Syndrome for lower extremities. The method for grading the sensory and motor deficits is analogous to the method described in previous editions of AMA Guides. Rating the permanent impairment of the peripheral nerves or brachial plexus is similar to the methodology used in the diagnosis-based impairment scheme with the exceptions that the physical examination grade modifier is never used to adjust the default rating and the names of individual nerves or plexus trunks, as opposed to the names of diagnoses, appear in the far left column of the rating grids.

Evaluating Shoulder Impairment

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Richard T. Katz ◽  
Sankar Perraraju
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Sensory Loss ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Nerve Lesion ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Specific Patient ◽  
Industrial Medicine ◽  
Shoulder Motion ◽  
Upper Extremity Impairment

Abstract The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Fourth Edition, offers several categories to describe impairment in the shoulder, including shoulder amputation, abnormal shoulder motion, peripheral nerve disorders, subluxation/dislocation, and joint arthroplasty. This article clarifies appropriate methods for rating shoulder impairment in a specific patient, particularly with reference to the AMA Guides, Section 3.1j, Shoulder, Section 3.1k, Impairment of the Upper Extremity Due to Peripheral Nerve Disorders, and Section 3.1m, Impairment Due to Other Disorders of the Upper Extremity. A table shows shoulder motions and associated degrees of motion and can be used in assessing abnormal range of motion. Assessments of shoulder impairment due to peripheral nerve lesion also requires assessment of sensory loss (or presence of nerve pain) or motor deficits, and these may be categorized to the level of the spinal nerves (C5 to T1). Table 23 is useful regarding impairment from persistent joint subluxation or dislocation, and Table 27 can be helpful in assessing impairment of the upper extremity after arthroplasty of specific bones of joints. Although inter-rater reliability has been reasonably good, the validity of the upper extremity impairment rating has been questioned, and further research in industrial medicine and physical disability is required.

273: Knock-Down of BCL-2 By Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotides Induces Radiosensitization and Inhibition of Angiogenesis

2007 ◽  
Vol 177 (4S) ◽  
pp. 91-92
Author(s):  
Satoshi Anai ◽  
Yoshihisa Sakai ◽  
Steve Goodison ◽  
Kathleen Shiverick ◽  
Bob Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotides ◽  
Knock Down ◽  
Inhibition Of Angiogenesis

Schutz vor Insekten

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 713-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudin
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B ◽  
Eucalyptus Citriodora ◽  
Knock Down

Erfolgreicher Schutz gegen Stiche von blutsaugenden Insekten und Zecken bedingt die konsequente Anwendung geeigneter Maßnahmen. Eine eventuell notwendige Chemoprophylaxe wird dadurch nie ersetzt. Die Umstände, unter denen der Schutz erreicht werden soll, bestimmen die Kombination der zu treffenden Maßnahmen. Von Wohnräumen kann man Insekten mit Mückengittern oder -gaze an Fenstern und Türen oder mittels Klimaanlagen fernhalten. Beim Schlafen kann man sich mit einem Moskitonetz schützen. Diese Maßnahmen können bei Bedarf durch Insektizide ergänzt oder unterstützt werden. Meistens kommen synthetische Pyrethroide entweder als «knock down»-Sprays oder elektroverdampft für die Behandlung von Räumen oder als Imprägnierungsmittel von Netzen und Gittern zum Einsatz. Wenn ein Kontakt nicht durch die Wahl von Aufenthaltsort und -zeit vermeidbar ist, werden außer Haus zum Schutz vor Stichen geeignete Kleidung sowie Repellentien eingesetzt. Kleider sollen möglichst viel Körperfläche bedecken, aus festem Gewebe, nicht eng anliegend und von heller Farbe sein. Eine zusätzliche Behandlung mit Insektiziden ist vorteilhaft. Repellentien werden direkt auf die Haut appliziert. Diethylmethylbenzamin (DEET) zeigt seit vielen Jahren eine verlässliche Wirkung. Ebenfalls verbreitete synthetische Wirkstoffe sind Bayrepel® und IR3535. Sie weisen ein noch etwas geringeres Nebenwirkungsrisiko auf, nachteilig ist jedoch die schwächere Wirkung. Von den pflanzlichen Produkten sind die mit einem Extrakt aus Eucalyptus citriodora die am besten wirksamen. Schwächere Produkte schützen Personen, die für Mücken speziell attraktiv sind, nur ungenügend. Völlig nutzlos sind auf Arm-, Halsbänder oder Kleber aufgetragene Repellentien, sowie Ultraschallgeräte, UV-Lichtfallen oder die Einnahme von Vitamin B1 oder Knoblauch.

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