Personality traits and negative affect mediate the relationship between cortical thickness of superior frontal cortex and aggressive behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 718 ◽  
pp. 134728
Author(s):  
Xingxing Zhu ◽  
Kangcheng Wang ◽  
Aihua Cao ◽  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Jiang Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Superior Frontal Cortex

scholarly journals Cortical thickness, gyrification and sulcal depth in trigeminal neuralgia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Li ◽  
Jianhao Yan ◽  
Hua Wen ◽  
Jinzhi Lin ◽  
Lianbao Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sulcal Depth ◽  
Superior Frontal Cortex

AbstractNeuroimaging studies have documented brain structural alterations induced by chronic pain, particularly in gray matter volume. However, the effects of trigeminal neuralgia (TN), a severe paroxysmal pain disorder, on cortical morphology are not yet known. In this study, we recruited 30 TN patients and 30 age-, and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs). Using Computational Anatomy Toolbox (CAT12), we calculated and compared group differences in cortical thickness, gyrification, and sulcal depth with two-sample t tests (p < 0.05, multiple comparison corrected). Relationships between altered cortical characteristics and pain intensity were investigated with correlation analysis. Compared to HCs, TN patients exhibited significantly decreased cortical thickness in the left inferior frontal, and left medial orbitofrontal cortex; decreased gyrification in the left superior frontal cortex; and decreased sulcal depth in the bilateral superior frontal (extending to anterior cingulate) cortex. In addition, we found significantly negative correlations between the mean cortical thickness in left medial orbitofrontal cortex and pain intensity, and between the mean gyrification in left superior frontal cortex and pain intensity. Chronic pain may be associated with abnormal cortical thickness, gyrification and sulcal depth in trigeminal neuralgia. These morphological changes might contribute to understand the underlying neurobiological mechanism of trigeminal neuralgia.

scholarly journals Personality Traits, Loneliness, and Affect Among Boxers

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Chen ◽  
Nan Qiu ◽  
Chao Chen ◽  
Liang Zhai
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Athletic Ability ◽  
Quality Health ◽  
The Relationship

This study aimed to test the association between personality traits and affect among boxers and to figure out whether loneliness mediated this relationship. This study used The Big Five Personality Traits Scale, The UCLA Loneliness Scale, and The Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) which were administered to N = 231 boxers (age: M = 20.28; SD = 2.60), of which 62% were male (n = 144) and 38% were female (n = 87). The results showed that (1) conscientiousness, extraversion, and agreeableness were negatively related with negative affect, neuroticism was positively associated with negative affect, and openness showed no relationship with negative affect; (2) conscientiousness, extraversion, and agreeableness were all positively correlated with positive affect, neuroticism was negatively associated with positive affect, and openness showed no relationship with positive affect; (3) conscientiousness, extraversion, openness, and agreeableness were negatively related with loneliness and neuroticism was positively associated with loneliness; and (4) loneliness was positively associated with negative affect; loneliness was negatively associated with positive affect; and loneliness had mediating effect on the relationship between the personality traits and affect. Furthermore, these findings suggest that loneliness might be one mechanism explaining how boxer’s personality traits influence their athletic performance. Therefore, in the future, we should start by helping them reduce their loneliness to reduce their negative affect and improve their positive affect and also, in some degree, to enhance boxers’ athletic ability and mental quality health.

scholarly journals Affect Reactivity to Daily Stressors Mediates the Relationship Between Personality Traits and Physical Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 250-251
Author(s):  
Nicholas Turiano ◽  
William Bowling ◽  
Jessica Burris ◽  
David Almeida ◽  
Kate Leger
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Daily Stressors ◽  
Physical Health Outcomes ◽  
Affect Reactivity ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Researchers hypothesize that how people react to daily stressful events partly explains the personality-health relationship, yet no study has examined longitudinal associations between these factors. The current study examined the role of negative affect reactivity to daily stressors as a mediating pathway between personality and physical health outcomes using three waves of data spanning 20-years from a nationwide probability sample of 1,176 adults. Results indicate that Wave 1 neuroticism was associated with greater negative affect reactivity at Wave 2, which then predicted the development of chronic conditions and functional limitations at Wave 3. Higher conscientiousness was associated with less negative affect reactivity, which in turn predicted better physical health at Wave 3. Negative affect reactivity partially mediated both personality traits and physical. These findings highlight the usefulness of using a daily stress framework for understanding how personality impacts health over time, which has important implications for disease prevention.

The Neural Correlates of Cognitive Control: Successful Remembering and Intentional Forgetting

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avery A. Rizio ◽  
Nancy A. Dennis
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Related Activity ◽  
Intentional Forgetting ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Incidental Encoding ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Superior Frontal Cortex

The ability to control how we process information by remembering that which is important and forgetting that which is irrelevant is essential to maintain accurate, up-to-date memories. As such, memory success is predicated on both successful intentional encoding and successful intentional forgetting. The current study used an item-method directed forgetting paradigm to elucidate the cognitive and neural processes that underlie both processes while also examining the relationship between them to understand how the two may work together. Results indicated that encoding-related processes in the left inferior PFC and medial-temporal lobe (MTL) contribute to subsequent memory success, whereas inhibitory processes in the right superior frontal gyrus and right inferior parietal lobe contribute to subsequent forgetting success. Furthermore, connectivity analyses found a negative correlation between activity in the right superior frontal cortex and activity in the left MTL during successful intentional forgetting but not during successful encoding, incidental forgetting, or incidental encoding. Results support the theory that intentional forgetting is mediated by inhibition-related activity in the right frontal cortex and the interaction of this activity with that of encoding-related activity in the MTL. Further support for this inhibitory-related account was found through a clear dissociation between intentional and incidental forgetting, such that intentional forgetting was associated with regions shown to support inhibition, whereas incidental forgetting was associated with regions supporting encoding.

scholarly journals Cortical thickness of superior frontal cortex predicts impulsiveness and perceptual reasoning in adolescence

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 624-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Schilling ◽  
◽  
S Kühn ◽  
T Paus ◽  
A Romanowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Perceptual Reasoning ◽  
Superior Frontal Cortex

scholarly journals Behavioral, Anatomical and Genetic Convergence of Affect and Cognition in Superior Frontal Cortex

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nevena Kraljević ◽  
H. Lina Schaare ◽  
Simon B. Eickhoff ◽  
Peter Kochunov ◽  
B.T.Thomas Yeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Affective Traits ◽  
Human Connectome Project ◽  
Affect And Cognition ◽  
Subcortical Volumes ◽  
Superior Frontal Cortex ◽  
Shared Genetic

AbstractAffective experience and cognition are key human traits that are proposed to be inherently coupled in the human brain. Here we studied shared genetic basis of cognitive and affective traits in behavior and brain structure in the twin-based Human Connectome Project sample (n=1087). Both affective and cognitive trait scores were highly heritable and showed significant phenotypic correlation on the behavioral level. We further evaluated the correlation of affect and cognition, respectively, with local brain structure (cortical thickness, subcortical volumes, and surface area). Cortical thickness in the left superior frontal cortex showed a phenotypic association with both affect and cognition, which was driven by shared genetic effects. Quantitative functional decoding of this region yielded associations with cognitive and emotional functioning. This study provides a multi-level approach to study the association between affect and cognition and suggests a convergence of both in superior frontal anatomy.

scholarly journals A multilevel examination of lifetime aggression: integrating cortical thickness, personality pathology and trauma exposure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana E Sheehan ◽  
Nadia Bounoua ◽  
Rickie Miglin ◽  
Jeffrey M Spielberg ◽  
Naomi Sadeh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Trauma Exposure ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Pathological Personality Traits ◽  
Assaultive Trauma

Abstract Aggression represents a significant public health concern, causing serious physical and psychological harm. Although many studies have sought to characterize the etiology of aggression, research on the contributions of risk factors that span multiple levels of analysis for explaining aggressive behavior is lacking. To address this gap, we investigated the direct and unique contributions of cortical thickness (level 1), pathological personality traits (level 2) and trauma exposure (level 3) for explaining lifetime physical aggression in a high-risk sample of community adults (N = 129, 47.3% men). First, the frequency of lifetime aggression was inversely associated with cortical thickness in regions of prefrontal and temporal cortices that have been implicated in executive functioning, inhibitory mechanisms and socio-emotional processing. Further, aggression was positively associated with pathological personality traits (antagonism and disinhibition) and exposure to assaultive trauma. Notably, all three levels of analysis (cortical thickness, pathological personality traits and assaultive trauma exposure) explained non-overlapping variance in aggressive behavior when examined simultaneously in integrative models. Together, the findings provide a multilevel assessment of the biopsychosocial factors associated with the frequency of aggression. They also indicate that cortical thickness explains novel variance in these harmful behaviors not captured by well-established personality and environmental risk factors for aggression.

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