Effect of dextromethorphan/quinidine on pentylenetetrazole- induced clonic and tonic seizure thresholds in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 729 ◽  
pp. 134988
Author(s):  
Hassan Jamali ◽  
Azhdar Heydari
Keyword(s):  
Tonic Seizure

Cerebral Toxoplasmosis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

2021 ◽  
pp. 194187442110053
Author(s):  
Chen Fei Ng ◽  
Chia Yin Chong
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Lupus Nephritis ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Oral Prednisolone ◽  
Cerebral Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Focal Neurological Deficit ◽  
Tonic Seizure ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Poor Concentration

A 37-year-old man with underlying systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis presented with an episode of generalized tonic seizure. He complained of poor concentration and forgetfulness for 1 week. He suffered a relapse of lupus nephritis 4 months ago and received a course of intravenous methylprednisolone followed by oral prednisolone and mycophenolate mofetil. Clinically, there was no focal neurological deficit. Retroviral screening was negative. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed eccentric and concentric signs which confirmed the diagnosis of cerebral toxoplasmosis.

scholarly journals Management Strategy of Patients Attending at Epilepsy Clinic in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Mohammad Sayeed Hassan ◽  
Md Shafikul Islam Khan ◽  
Paritosh Kumar Sarkar ◽  
Anwar Israil ◽  
Ferdous Ara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Partial Seizure ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Partial Epilepsy ◽  
Absence Seizure ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tonic Seizure ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Generalized Epilepsy

Background: Epilepsy is a neuronal disorder that is observed globally but still it is not explored very well in most parts of the world. Objective: The aim of our study was to determine the types of epilepsies along with their treatment strategies among patients attending the outdoor epilepsy clinic in a referral tertiary care hospital. Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out from the records of weekly epilepsy clinic of Department of Neurology at National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2018 to August 2019. Data were collected through a predesigned questionnaire containing information about demography, clinical features, EEG and imaging findings and treatment of patients. Results: A total number of 1832 patients were recruited. There was a male (55.3%) and urban (61.1%) predominance. Most (75.1%) of the patients were young (age range from 10 to 29 years). A large number of patients were student (44.4%) and 24.2% were unemployed. The duration of epilepsy in most patients were less than 5 years (40.7%). 58.3% patients took various forms of indigenous treatment prior to attending this clinic. 54.7% patients had no comorbid illness. EEG was abnormal in 34.5% patients of which 24.4% had focal abnormality and 10.1% had generalized epileptic discharge. In brain imaging (CT/MRI) only 16.4% showed abnormal findings. 49.5% patients were suffering from generalized epilepsy whereas 44.6% had partial epilepsy. Among the generalized epilepsy group, most of them had generalized tonic clonic seizure (GTCS) (75.4%), while 8.9% had absence seizure and 7.9% had tonic seizure. In partial epilepsy group, the majority were secondary generalized seizure (74.7%), followed by complex partial seizure (CPS) (18.7%) and simple partial seizure (6.6%).42.7% patients got single antiepileptic drug whereas 37.4% patients received dual drug. Polytherapy (three or more drugs) were prescribed in 14% patients. Valproic acid was the highest prescribed drug (29.3%) either as monotherapy or in combination. Carbamazepine (27.4%) was the second common drug followed by Levetiracetam (15.1%). Conclusion: Epilepsy affects almost all groups of the society. Most of the patients remain seizure-free with judicious anti-epileptic drugs. Therefore, more effort is needed for early accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment of epilepsy Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2020;6(1): 3-8

scholarly journals Bilateral asymmetric tonic seizure in insulo-opercular epilepsy: an anatomo-electro-clinical study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangshu Hu ◽  
Kaihui Li ◽  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Ping Yang ◽  
Qinghua Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Clonic Seizure ◽  
Tonic Seizure ◽  
Seizure Semiology ◽  
Intracerebral Eeg ◽  
Autonomic Changes ◽  
Sensorimotor Area ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Classical Pattern ◽  
Kendall Correlation

Abstract Background Insulo-opercular seizures are highly heterogeneous in seizure semiology and electrical features. Bilateral asymmetric limb posturing, as a classical pattern of supplementary sensorimotor area (SMA) seizure, also occurs in insulo-opercular epilepsy. This study was aimed to study the anatomo-electro-clinical correlations in bilateral asymmetric tonic seizures (BATS), in order to advance the understanding of insulo-opercular epilepsy. Methods Eight patients with insulo-opercular epilepsy as confirmed by stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) and manifesting BATS as the major ictal motor sign, in Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital Epilepsy Center from 2014 to 2018, were employed in this study. The BATS of the patients were evaluated, and the semiologic features and concomitant intracerebral EEG changes were quantified. Then the variables were examined with Cluster Analysis, and the semiologic features were correlated with anatomic localization using the Kendall correlation test. Results Of the 8 patients, the most frequent initial motor sign was bilateral asymmetric tonic posturing (62.5%). Facial tonic-clonic sign also had a high prevalence in the evolution of seizures (87.5%). The results of Cluster Analysis showed that the semiologic features were subdivided into two main groups, one group comprising exclusively BATS and the other including signs of focal tonic seizure, aura, focal limb tonic-clonic seizure (TCS), facial TCS, hypermotor behavior, eye movement, autonomic changes and generalized TCS. The BATS was strongly associated with the posterior long gyrus (PLG) of insula (t = 0.732) and parietal operculum (t = 1.000); the hypermotor behaviors were associated with the anterior long gyrus (ALG) (t = 0.770); and the autonomic changes were associated with the anterior limiting sulcus (ALS) (t = 0.734) and middle short gyrus (MSG) (t = 0.700). Conclusions The seizure semiology of insulo-opercular epilepsy is characterized, in temporal order, by BATS, with or without simultaneous hypermotor behaviors, and frequently ends up with facial tonic-clonic signs, which is different from that of the SMA seizure. The early spread network involving the posterior insular lobe and parietal operculum may contribute to this pattern of manifestation.

scholarly journals Effect of Curcuma zedoaria hydro-alcoholic extract on learning, memory deficits and oxidative damage of brain tissue following seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole in rat

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Touran Mahmoudi ◽  
Zahra Lorigooini ◽  
Mahmoud Rafieian-kopaei ◽  
Mehran Arabi ◽  
Zahra Rabiei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Maze ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Seizure Threshold ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Curcuma Zedoaria ◽  
Memory And Learning ◽  
Tonic Seizure ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background Previous studies have shown that seizures can cause cognitive disorders. On the other hand, the Curcuma zedoaria (CZ) has beneficial effects on the nervous system. However, there is little information on the possible effects of the CZ extract on seizures. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible effects of CZ extract on cognitive impairment and oxidative stress induced by epilepsy in rats. Methods Rats were randomly divided into different groups. In all rats (except the sham group), kindling was performed by intraperitoneal injection of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) at a dose of 35 mg/kg every 48 h for 14 days. Positive group received 2 mg/kg diazepam + PTZ; treatment groups received 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg CZ extract + PTZ; and one group received 0.5 mg/kg flumazenil and CZ extract + PTZ. Shuttle box and Morris Water Maze tests were used to measure memory and learning. On the last day of treatments PTZ injection was at dose of 60 mg/kg, tonic seizure threshold and mortality rate were recorded in each group. After deep anesthesia, blood was drawn from the rats’ hearts and the hippocampus of all rats was removed. Results Statistical analysis of the data showed that the CZ extract significantly increased the tonic seizure threshold and reduced the pentylenetetrazol-induced mortality and the extract dose of 400 mg/kg was selected as the most effective dose compared to the other doses. It was also found that flumazenil (a GABAA receptor antagonist) reduced the tonic seizure threshold compared to the effective dose of the extract. The results of shuttle box and Morris water maze behavioral tests showed that memory and learning decreased in the negative control group and the CZ extract treatment improved memory and learning in rats. The CZ extract also increased antioxidant capacity, decreased MDA and NO in the brain and serum of pre-treated groups in compared to the negative control group. Conclusion: It is concluded that the CZ extract has beneficial effects on learning and memory impairment in PTZ-induced epilepsy model, which has been associated with antioxidant effects in the brain or possibly exerts its effects through the GABAergic system.

Ventricular tachycardia manifested as tonic seizure

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiu-Ching Yin ◽  
Meng-Ni Wu ◽  
Chun-Hung Chen ◽  
Poyin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Ventricular Tachycardia ◽  
Tonic Seizure

scholarly journals Effect of N-(m-bromoanilinomethyl)-p-isopropoxyphenylsuccinimide on the anticonvulsant action of four classical antiepileptic drugs in the mouse maximal electroshock-induced seizure model

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-79
Author(s):  
Jarogniew J. Luszczki ◽  
Ewa Marzeda ◽  
Maria W. Kondrat-Wrobel ◽  
Daniel Pyrka ◽  
Sergey L. Kocharov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiepileptic Drugs ◽  
Seizure Activity ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Sine Wave ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Anticonvulsant Action ◽  
Tonic Seizure ◽  
Seizure Model ◽  
A Current

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of N-(m-bromoanilinomethyl)- p-isopropoxyphenylsuccinimide (BAM-IPPS - a new succinimide derivative) on the protective action of four classical antiepileptic drugs (AEDs: carbamazepine [CBZ], phenobarbital [PB], phenytoin [PHT] and valproate [VPA]) in the mouse maximal electroshock (MES)-induced tonic seizure model. Tonic hind limb extension (seizure activity) was evoked in adult male albino Swiss mice by a current (sine-wave, 25 mA, 500 V, 50 Hz, 0.2 s stimulus duration) delivered via ear-clip electrodes. BAM-IPPS administered (i.p.) at a dose of 150 mg/kg significantly elevated the threshold for electroconvulsions in mice (P<0.05). Lower doses of BAM-IPPS (50 and 100 mg/kg) had no significant impact on the threshold for electroconvulsions in mice. Moreover, BAM-IPPS (100 mg/kg) did not significantly affect the anticonvulsant potency of CBZ, PB, PHT and VPA in the mouse MES model. BAM-IPPS elevated the threshold for electroconvulsions in mice in a dosedependent manner. However, BAM-IPPS (100 mg/kg) did not affect the anticonvulsant action of various classical AEDs in the mouse MES model, making the combinations of BAM-IPPS with CBZ, PB, PHT and VPA neutral, from a preclinical point of view.

scholarly journals Brainstem stroke mimicking tonic seizure

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-62
Author(s):  
Takayasu Mishima ◽  
Toyoshi Obata ◽  
Yoshio Tsuboi
Keyword(s):  
Tonic Seizure ◽  
Brainstem Stroke

scholarly journals Febrile Seizures in Epileptic Chicks: The effects of Phenobarbital, Phenytoin and Valproate

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.D. Johnson ◽  
K.D.A. Crawford ◽  
R.D. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Epileptic Seizure ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Febrile Seizures ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Febrile Convulsions ◽  
Motor Seizure ◽  
Tonic Seizure ◽  
Epileptiform Seizures ◽  
Microwave Diathermy

SUMMARY:Epileptic seizures can be evoked in chicks homozygous for the epileptic seizure gene (epi, epi) by elevating their body temperature using microwave diathermy. These seizures precede and differ in motor seizure pattern from a second clonic-tonic seizure produced by hyperthermia in both epileptic and carrier (heterozygote, Epi, epi) chicks. Hyperthermia did not evoke seizures in adult epileptic chickens. Phenobarbital delayed the onset of epileptiform seizures whereas phenytoin and valproate had no effect. These data suggest that epileptic chicks may provide a suitable model for studies on febrile convulsions.

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