scholarly journals Febrile Seizures in Epileptic Chicks: The effects of Phenobarbital, Phenytoin and Valproate

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.D. Johnson ◽  
K.D.A. Crawford ◽  
R.D. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Epileptic Seizure ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Febrile Seizures ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Febrile Convulsions ◽  
Motor Seizure ◽  
Tonic Seizure ◽  
Epileptiform Seizures ◽  
Microwave Diathermy

SUMMARY:Epileptic seizures can be evoked in chicks homozygous for the epileptic seizure gene (epi, epi) by elevating their body temperature using microwave diathermy. These seizures precede and differ in motor seizure pattern from a second clonic-tonic seizure produced by hyperthermia in both epileptic and carrier (heterozygote, Epi, epi) chicks. Hyperthermia did not evoke seizures in adult epileptic chickens. Phenobarbital delayed the onset of epileptiform seizures whereas phenytoin and valproate had no effect. These data suggest that epileptic chicks may provide a suitable model for studies on febrile convulsions.

Serum Prolactin Level in Children with Febrile Seizure and Epileptic Seizure; Comparative Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
Kotyal B. Mahendrappa ◽  
S. Perumal Sathya ◽  
M.N. Suma
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Epileptic Seizure ◽  
Prolactin Level ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Febrile Seizures ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Cns Infection ◽  
Serum Prolactin Level

Introduction: Transient hyperprolactinaemia has been reported to follow unprovoked seizures, a finding proposed to be useful in the differential diagnosis of epilepsy. On this basis we conducted a study with an objective to compare the postictal serum prolactin level in children with febrile seizures (FS) and epileptic seizures (ES) to evaluate, whether serum prolactin (PL) could be used a predictor in the diagnosis of ES.Material and Methods: This was a prospective comparative study was conducted on 52 children (26 in febrile seizures group and 26 in epileptic seizure group) in the age group of six months to five years. Children with CNS infection, developmental delay, structural CNS defects or neurological abnormality, metabolic disorders and those on drugs, known to have altered serum prolactin level were excluded. Blood for estimation of serum prolactin was collected within 180 minutes of occurrence of seizure. Level of serum prolactin was quantitatively assayed by chemiluminescence method and the levels were considered high, if values were greater than 23 ng/ml, which is the upper limit of normal for all age groups and both sex.Results: The mean serum prolactin level in epileptic seizures group was 25 ng/ml and that of febrile seizures group was 10.72 ng/ml. High level of serum prolactin was noted in 17 children (77.2%) with GTCS and 3 children (75%) with CPS. None of the children with febrile seizures had significant raise in the level of serum prolactin.Conclusion: There is a significant rise in serum prolactin level in children with epileptic seizures compared to febrile seizures, if measured within 3 hours of occurrence of seizures. Thus, the post-ictal serum prolactin level can be used as an additional investigation to diagnose or predict epileptic seizures in children.

Predictive Value of Epileptiform Discharges for Subsequent Epilepsy After Febrile Seizures

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 772-775
Author(s):  
Alja Kavčič ◽  
Zvonka Rener-Primec
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Epileptic Seizure ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Febrile Seizures ◽  
Epileptiform Discharges

The predictive value of epileptiform discharges for subsequent epilepsy after febrile seizures was studied in 140 children: 72 children (51%) had simple febrile seizures and 68 children (49%) had complex febrile seizures. Electroencephalography (EEG) was performed in 103 children (74%), it was normal in 66 (47%) and with epileptiform patterns in 37 patients (26%). At follow-up in 2017, 10 children developed epilepsy, 1 had a single epileptic seizure, 9 of them had epileptiform EEGs. Of the patients with normal EEGs after complex febrile seizures, none developed epilepsy, and 92% of patients with normal EEGs after recurrent febrile seizures did not develop epilepsy. Therefore, patients with normal EEGs were unlikely to develop epilepsy. Fifteen percent of patients with complex and 31% of patients with recurrent febrile seizures and epileptiform EEGs developed epileptic seizures. The positive predictive value of epileptiform discharges was low in complex and twice as high in recurrent febrile seizures.

scholarly journals A study of etiology and characteristics of febrile convulsions and epilepsy among children

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 2093
Author(s):  
Habib G. Pathan ◽  
Abdul Naseer Abdul Bari ◽  
Prashant R. Kokiwar
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Febrile Seizures ◽  
Simple Type ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Febrile Convulsions ◽  
Male Preponderance ◽  
Symptomatic Seizures ◽  
Acute Symptomatic Seizures

Background: Globally in all parts of the world, epilepsy is the most common neurological disorder of chronic nature. Seizures among children are common and challenging for the pediatrician. The objective of this study was to study etiology and characteristics of febrile convulsions and epilepsy among childrenMethods: The present study was a prospective observational study conducted in a tertiary care centre among subjects who had seizures. Subjects were recruited from pediatric ward, consecutively hospitalization of pediatric patients, and of either sex who presented with history of seizures. The data included demographic details and history.Results: Total febrile seizures were 25.46% and overall incidence was around 2.57%. Preponderance of male constituting 62.65% over female 37.35% was observed. Most of the febrile seizures were simple type. Fever due to upper respiratory tract infection was commonest cause. It was not associated with any complications. Epileptic cases were 38.65% of total cases and overall incidence was 3.9%. In this group also, there was male preponderance. It increased with age. Commonest presentations of epileptic seizures were generalized in 67.46%. Most common cause of acute symptomatic seizures was viral encephalitis (28.34%). Numbers of deaths were more in acute symptomatic. Conclusions: As there were no morbidity and mortality with febrile seizures so it is possible to explain the benign nature of febrile seizures to their parents. Acute symptomatic seizures are to be identified and treated immediately.

Automated System for Epileptic Seizures Prediction based on Multi-Channel Recordings of Electrical Brain Activity

2018 ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Maksimenko ◽  
A. A. Harchenko ◽  
A. Lüttjohann
Keyword(s):  
Epileptic Seizure ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Brain Computer Interfaces ◽  
Electrical Brain Activity ◽  
Computer Interfaces ◽  
Prediction And Prevention ◽  
The Brain

Introduction: Now the great interest in studying the brain activity based on detection of oscillatory patterns on the recorded data of electrical neuronal activity (electroencephalograms) is associated with the possibility of developing brain-computer interfaces. Braincomputer interfaces are based on the real-time detection of characteristic patterns on electroencephalograms and their transformation  into commands for controlling external devices. One of the important areas of the brain-computer interfaces application is the control of the pathological activity of the brain. This is in demand for epilepsy patients, who do not respond to drug treatment.Purpose: A technique for detecting the characteristic patterns of neural activity preceding the occurrence of epileptic seizures.Results:Using multi-channel electroencephalograms, we consider the dynamics of thalamo-cortical brain network, preceded the occurrence of an epileptic seizure. We have developed technique which allows to predict the occurrence of an epileptic seizure. The technique has been implemented in a brain-computer interface, which has been tested in-vivo on the animal model of absence epilepsy.Practical relevance:The results of our study demonstrate the possibility of epileptic seizures prediction based on multichannel electroencephalograms. The obtained results can be used in the development of neurointerfaces for the prediction and prevention of seizures of various types of epilepsy in humans. 

Febrile Convulsions, by J. Gordon Millichap, M.D., M.R.C.P. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1968, 239 pp., $7.95

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-382
Author(s):  
Randolph K. Byers
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Febrile Seizures ◽  
Cerebral Injury ◽  
Extensive Review ◽  
Cerebral Disease ◽  
Febrile Convulsions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Made In

This rather modest-looking monograph deals not only with the large experiences of the author in relation to febrile seizures, but also presents an extensive review of the modern relevant literature (266 references in the bibliography). The most useful point made in the book, it seems to me, is that febrile convulsions are just that: i.e., convulsions coinciding with fever, the result of illness not directly involving the brain or its meninges. Such a seizure may be an isolated occurrence in the life of the individual, or it may recur a few times with fever; it may be the first sign of idiopathic chronic epilepsy, or it may be evidence of more or less apparent cerebral injury of a static sort; or, it may be the presenting symptom heralding progressive cerebral disease.

scholarly journals Interictal electroencephalogram: sensibility in the diagnosis of epileptic seizures in childhood

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Raquel Rego ◽  
Paulo Breno Noronha Liberalesso ◽  
Mônica Jaques Spinosa ◽  
Simone Carreiro Vieira ◽  
Alaídes S. Fojo Olmos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Epileptic Seizure ◽  
Background Activity ◽  
International System ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
The World ◽  
Pediatric Neurologist ◽  
Spike Wave ◽  
Abnormal Results

INTRODUCTION: It is currently estimated that more than 10 million children all over the world have epilepsy and the EEG is the most commonly used diagnostic test in the investigation of these patients. The aim of this study was to analyze the sensibility of the EEG in revealing abnormalities in children with the clinical hypothesis of an epileptic seizure. METHODS: Out of 970 EEGs obtained between April 2005 and August 2006 at Pequeno Príncipe Children's Hospital, Curitiba, PR, Brazil, 692 fit the criteria proposed (clinical hypothesis of an epileptic seizure after the evaluation of a pediatric neurologist). All EEGs were recorded digitally, with minimal duration of 20 minutes and electrodes positioned according to the International System 10-20. Neonates were excluded. RESULTS: Age ranged from 30 days to 16.5 years (mean of 6.4 years and median of 4.1 years), 403 were female (58.2%). Out of the 692 EEG included in the study, 281 (40.6%) yielded abnormal results, 96 (34.2%) with abnormalities of the background activity (disorganization and/or asymmetry) and 185 (65.8%) with epileptiform paroxysms. The sensibility of the EEG was 40.6%. Sharpe wave occurred in 77 cases (41.6%), spike in 21 (11.4%), polispike in 14 (7.6%), spike-wave in 17 (9.2%), polispike-wave in 24 (13.0%) and exams with discharges of more than one morphology in 32 (17.3%). CONCLUSION: Our data strengthen the concept that even though the diagnosis of epilepsy is clinical and based on the semiological description of the epileptic crisis, the EEG has a good sensibility when properly indicated.

scholarly journals Evaluation of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 enzyme levels in patients with epilepsy

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (7) ◽  
pp. 424-429
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Halil YASAK ◽  
Mustafa YILMAZ ◽  
Murat GÖNEN ◽  
Metin ATESCELIK ◽  
Mehtap GURGER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Epileptic Seizure ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Remission Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Epileptic Attack ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

ABSTRACT Objective: Ubiquitin C-terminal Hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1) enzyme levels were investigated in patients with epilepsy, epileptic seizure, remission period, and healthy individuals. Methods: Three main groups were evaluated, including epileptic seizure, patients with epilepsy in the non-seizure period, and healthy volunteers. The patients having a seizure in the Emergency department or brought by a postictal confusion were included in the epileptic attack group. The patients having a seizure attack or presenting to the Neurology outpatient department for follow up were included in the non-seizure (remission period) group. Results: The UCH-L1 enzyme levels of 160 patients with epilepsy (80 patients with epileptic attack and 80 patients with epilepsy in the non-seizure period) and 100 healthy volunteers were compared. Whereas the UCH-L1 enzyme levels were 8.30 (IQR=6.57‒11.40) ng/mL in all patients with epilepsy, they were detected as 3.90 (IQR=3.31‒7.22) ng/mL in healthy volunteers, and significantly increased in numbers for those with epilepsy (p<0.001). However, whereas the UCH-L1 levels were 8.50 (IQR=6.93‒11.16) ng/mL in the patients with epileptic seizures, they were 8.10 (IQR=6.22‒11.93) ng/mL in the non-seizure period, and no significant difference was detected (p=0.6123). When the UCH-L1 cut-off value was taken as 4.34 mg/mL in Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve analysis, the sensitivity and specificity detected were 93.75 and 66.00%, respectively (AUG=0.801; p<0.0001; 95%CI 0.747‒0.848) for patients with epilepsy. Conclusion: Even though UCH-L1 levels significantly increased more in patients with epilepsy than in healthy individuals, there was no difference between epileptic seizure and non-seizure periods.

scholarly journals A Novel Permutation Entropy-Based EEG Channel Selection for Improving Epileptic Seizure Prediction

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 7972
Author(s):  
Jee S. Ra ◽  
Tianning Li ◽  
Yan Li
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Epileptic Seizure ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Channel Selection ◽  
Permutation Entropy ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Seizure Prediction ◽  
Epileptic Seizure Prediction

The key research aspects of detecting and predicting epileptic seizures using electroencephalography (EEG) signals are feature extraction and classification. This paper aims to develop a highly effective and accurate algorithm for seizure prediction. Efficient channel selection could be one of the solutions as it can decrease the computational loading significantly. In this research, we present a patient-specific optimization method for EEG channel selection based on permutation entropy (PE) values, employing K nearest neighbors (KNNs) combined with a genetic algorithm (GA) for epileptic seizure prediction. The classifier is the well-known support vector machine (SVM), and the CHB-MIT Scalp EEG Database is used in this research. The classification results from 22 patients using the channels selected to the patient show a high prediction rate (average 92.42%) compared to the SVM testing results with all channels (71.13%). On average, the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity with selected channels are improved by 10.58%, 23.57%, and 5.56%, respectively. In addition, four patient cases validate over 90% accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity rates with just a few selected channels. The corresponding standard deviations are also smaller than those used by all channels, demonstrating that tailored channels are a robust way to optimize the seizure prediction.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Serum Calcium Levels in Patients with Epileptic Seizure

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-37
Author(s):  
Bushra Fiza ◽  
Maheep Sinha ◽  
Shalu Sharma ◽  
Sumit Kumar Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Epileptic Seizure ◽  
Neuronal Excitability ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Bone Metabolism Markers ◽  
Mahatma Gandhi ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Gandhi Medical College

ABSTRACT Introduction Epilepsy is a disorder of the central nervous system, characterized by an epileptic seizure. Epileptic seizures occur due to abnormal synchronous activity in the brain. Calcium is an essential component of bone. Hypocalcemia enhances neuronal excitability, and there are many causes of which include hypocalcemia, vitamin D deficiency, and PTH resistance. Materials and methods The study was conducted in Department of Biochemistry in association with the Department of Neurology of Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur. Fifty patients diagnosed for epileptic seizure and 50 controls, visiting the inpatient department (IPD) and outpatient department (OPD) of Neurology fulfilling the inclusion criteria, were enrolled for the study. Result The present study showed significantly lower level of serum calcium in patients with epileptic seizure when compared to controls. Conclusion The serum calcium was measured between epileptic seizure and controls. Our present study showed significantly lower value of calcium. It is therefore suggested that there should be regular screening for calcium in patients with epileptic seizure. The serum calcium is biomarker of bone metabolism; so, the correlation can be further studied with some more bone metabolism markers in epileptic seizure patients. How to cite this article Sharma S, Fiza B, Tiwari SK, et al. Evaluation of Serum Calcium Levels in Patients with Epileptic Seizure. J Mahatma Gandhi Univ Med Sci Tech 2020;5(2):35–37.

scholarly journals Anesthetic Management of Patient With Dravet Syndrome: A Case Report

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naohiro Ohshita ◽  
Kaname Tsuji ◽  
Hiroaki Yoshida ◽  
Hiroki Shibata ◽  
Yoshiko Matsuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Anesthetic Management ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Dravet Syndrome ◽  
Temperature Management ◽  
Intravenous Sedation ◽  
Medical Procedures ◽  
Slight Fever

Dravet syndrome (DS) is a rare and severe form of epilepsy that begins in infancy. This is particularly burdensome because repeated epileptic seizures lead to cognitive decline. We describe the case of a 12-year-old girl who was diagnosed with DS and was scheduled to have gingival reduction around her mandibular molars. Despite the patient being intellectually disabled, she was able to cooperate somewhat during medical procedures, including intravenous cannulation. Under the assumption that the major problem with anesthesia for DS would be the regulation of body temperature–induced seizures, we used body temperature management equipment to maintain the patient's body temperature during the procedure. We opted for intravenous sedation and administered a total dose of 4.5 mg midazolam throughout the procedure. Anesthesia was completed within 1 hour and 20 minutes without any adverse events. To the best of our knowledge, no previous studies have documented the anesthetic management of DS. In this case, no adverse events occurred perioperatively. However, the patient's temperature rose to that which indicated a slight fever despite the use of a standard cooling technique.

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