Exposure to parental verbal abuse is associated with increased gray matter volume in superior temporal gyrus

Neural systems involved in the processing of written language have been identified by a number of functional imaging studies. Structural changes in cortical anatomy that occur in the course of literacy acquisition, however, remain largely unknown. Here, we follow elementary school children over their first 2 years of formal reading instruction and use tensor-based morphometry to relate reading proficiency to cortical volume at baseline and follow-up measurement as well as to intraindividual longitudinal volume development between the two measurement time points. A positive relationship was found between baseline gray matter volume in the left superior temporal gyrus and subsequent changes in reading proficiency. Furthermore, a negative relationship was found between reading proficiency at the second measurement time point and intraindividual cortical volume development in the inferior parietal lobule and the precentral and postcentral gyri of the left hemisphere. These results are interpreted as evidence that reading acquisition is associated with preexisting structural differences as well as with experience-dependent structural changes involving dendritic and synaptic pruning.

Download Full-text

Reduced gray matter volume in the anterior cingulate, orbitofrontal cortex and thalamus as a function of mild depressive symptoms: a voxel-based morphometric analysis

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291714000348 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 44 (13) ◽

pp. 2833-2843 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

C. A. Webb ◽

M. Weber ◽

E. A. Mundy ◽

W. D. S. Killgore

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Gray Matter ◽

Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽

Gray Matter Volume ◽

Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Anterior Cingulate ◽

Dimensional Approach ◽

Matter Volume ◽

Conjunction Analysis

BackgroundStudies investigating structural brain abnormalities in depression have typically employed a categorical rather than dimensional approach to depression [i.e. comparing subjects with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-defined major depressive disorder (MDD)v. healthy controls]. The National Institute of Mental Health, through their Research Domain Criteria initiative, has encouraged a dimensional approach to the study of psychopathology as opposed to an over-reliance on categorical (e.g. DSM-based) diagnostic approaches. Moreover, subthreshold levels of depressive symptoms (i.e. severity levels below DSM criteria) have been found to be associated with a range of negative outcomes, yet have been relatively neglected in neuroimaging research.MethodTo examine the extent to which depressive symptoms – even at subclinical levels – are linearly related to gray matter volume reductions in theoretically important brain regions, we employed whole-brain voxel-based morphometry in a sample of 54 participants.ResultsThe severity of mild depressive symptoms, even in a subclinical population, was associated with reduced gray matter volume in the orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, thalamus, superior temporal gyrus/temporal pole and superior frontal gyrus. A conjunction analysis revealed concordance across two separate measures of depression.ConclusionsReduced gray matter volume in theoretically important brain regions can be observed even in a sample that does not meet DSM criteria for MDD, but who nevertheless report relatively elevated levels of depressive symptoms. Overall, these findings highlight the need for additional research using dimensional conceptual and analytic approaches, as well as further investigation of subclinical populations.

Download Full-text

Progressive Decrease of Left Superior Temporal Gyrus Gray Matter Volume in Patients With First-Episode Schizophrenia

American Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1176/appi.ajp.160.1.156 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 160 (1) ◽

pp. 156-164 ◽

Cited By ~ 258

Author(s):

Kiyoto Kasai ◽

Martha E. Shenton ◽

Dean F. Salisbury ◽

Yoshio Hirayasu ◽

Chang-Uk Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gray Matter ◽

Gray Matter Volume ◽

Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽

First Episode ◽

Progressive Decrease ◽

Matter Volume ◽

First Episode Schizophrenia

Download Full-text

Altered Gray Matter Volume, Functional Connectivity, and Degree Centrality in Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Frontiers in Neurology ◽

10.3389/fneur.2021.697349 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Yue Feng ◽

Yifan Li ◽

Xin Tan ◽

Yi Liang ◽

Xiaomeng Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gray Matter ◽

Early Onset ◽

Brain Volume ◽

Gray Matter Volume ◽

Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽

Degree Centrality ◽

Matter Volume ◽

The Right ◽

Heschl Gyrus

Background: Structural and functional brain alterations that underlie cognitive decline have been observed in elderly adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, whether these alterations can be observed in patients with early-onset T2DM remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to describe the abnormalities in brain volume and functional patterns in patients with early-onset T2DM in the present study.Methods: We enrolled 20 patients with early-onset T2DM and 20 healthy controls (HCs). Changes in brain volume were assessed using voxel-based morphology (VBM), while changes in brain function were assessed using degree centrality (DC) and functional connectivity (FC).Results: Compared to HCs, patients with early-onset T2DM exhibited gray matter reductions in the left orbital superior, middle, and inferior frontal gyri as well as the right superior frontal gyrus. The gray matter reductions in the right superior frontal gyrus were negatively associated with the urine albumin to creatinine ratio. Furthermore, increased DC values were observed in the left superior temporal gyrus, left Heschl gyrus, and left hippocampus in patients with early-onset T2DM. An FC analysis of these regions revealed elevated connectivity in the right precuneus, left inferior parietal gyrus, left Heschl gyrus, bilateral post-central gyrus, bilateral insula, bilateral superior temporal gyrus, and bilateral medial and paracingulate gyrus. Furthermore, the FC of the hubs to the superior temporal gyrus, insula, and Heschl gyrus was increased and positively correlated with trail making test-B.Conclusion: Decreased local gray matter volume and increased DC and FC may represent the neurobiological mechanism underlying cognitive dysfunction in patients with early-onset T2DM.

Download Full-text

Associations between Brain Structural Damage and Core Muscle Loss in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9010239 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 239

Author(s):

Ying-Nong Wu ◽

Meng-Hsiang Chen ◽

Pi-Ling Chiang ◽

Cheng-Hsien Lu ◽

Hsiu-Ling Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Gray Matter ◽

Disease Duration ◽

Gray Matter Volume ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Muscle Loss ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Matter Volume

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease associated with progressive gray matter atrophy. In addition to motor function disorder, frailty and decreased muscle mass potentially contribute to increased morbidity risk. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the associations between lean muscle loss and gray matter volume (GMV) in PD patients. Methods: Thirty patients with PD and fifteen healthy controls underwent brain and bilateral thigh MRIs. The IDEAL sequence was employed, measuring the regions of interest (ROI) of fat percentage at the 50% point of femur length. Voxel-base morphometry (VBM) was used to assess regional gray matter volume differences between groups. Further correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the changes between gray matter volume and fatty percentage of the bilateral thigh after adjusting for age and gender. Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to evaluate the risk factor of core muscle loss in PD patients. Results: Compared with controls, patients with PD had significantly higher thigh fat percentage and smaller gray matter volume of several brain locations of the default mode network (DMN), specifically the left superior temporal gyrus, right uncus, and left inferior temporal gyrus, revealing association with higher thigh fat percentage. Further multiple linear regression analysis indicated that higher thigh fat percentage is associated with gender (female), increased disease duration, and smaller gray matter volume of the left superior temporal gyrus and right uncus in PD patients. Conclusions: Patients with PD experience core muscle loss in the thigh, associated with default mode network (DMN) degeneration, longer disease duration, and female gender. Identification of risk factors associated with lean muscle mass loss may assist in early prevention of comorbidities such as sarcopenia.

Download Full-text

Spatially Covarying Patterns of Gray Matter Volume and Concentration Highlight Distinct Regions in Schizophrenia

Frontiers in Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnins.2021.708387 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

Author(s):

Kelly Rootes-Murdy ◽

Elaheh Zendehrouh ◽

Vince D. Calhoun ◽

Jessica A. Turner

Keyword(s):

Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Gray Matter ◽

Multivariate Analyses ◽

Gray Matter Volume ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Matter Volume ◽

Volume Estimates ◽

Matter Concentration

Introduction: Individuals with schizophrenia have consistent gray matter reduction throughout the cortex when compared to healthy individuals. However, the reduction patterns vary based on the quantity (concentration or volume) utilized by study. The objective of this study was to identify commonalities between gray matter concentration and gray matter volume effects in schizophrenia.Methods: We performed both univariate and multivariate analyses of case/control effects on 145 gray matter images from 66 participants with schizophrenia and 79 healthy controls, and processed to compare the concentration and volume estimates.Results: Diagnosis effects in the univariate analysis showed similar areas of volume and concentration reductions in the insula, occipitotemporal gyrus, temporopolar area, and fusiform gyrus. In the multivariate analysis, healthy controls had greater gray matter volume and concentration additionally in the superior temporal gyrus, prefrontal cortex, cerebellum, calcarine, and thalamus. In the univariate analyses there was moderate overlap between gray matter concentration and volume across the entire cortex (r = 0.56, p = 0.02). The multivariate analyses revealed only low overlap across most brain patterns, with the largest correlation (r = 0.37) found in the cerebellum and vermis.Conclusions: Individuals with schizophrenia showed reduced gray matter volume and concentration in previously identified areas of the prefrontal cortex, cerebellum, and thalamus. However, there were only moderate correlations across the cortex when examining the different gray matter quantities. Although these two quantities are related, concentration and volume do not show identical results, and therefore, should not be used interchangeably in the literature.

Download Full-text

Reduced gray matter volume of left superior temporal gyrus in schizophrenia with auditory verbal hallucinations: a voxel-based morphometry study

BIO Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/bioconf/20170801031 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 01031

Author(s):

Huawang Wu ◽

Fengchun Wu ◽

Xiaoyin Ke ◽

Ripeng Li ◽

Xiaobing Lu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gray Matter ◽

Gray Matter Volume ◽

Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽

Voxel Based Morphometry ◽

Auditory Verbal Hallucinations ◽

Matter Volume

Download Full-text

Gray matter volume alterations in patients with strabismus and amblyopia: voxel-based morphometry study

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-04184-w ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ting Su ◽

Pei-Wen Zhu ◽

Biao Li ◽

Wen-Qing Shi ◽

Qi Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gray Matter ◽

Gray Matter Volume ◽

Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽

Curve Analysis ◽

Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽

Voxel Based Morphometry ◽

Roc Curve Analysis ◽

Matter Volume ◽

The Mean ◽

The Right

AbstractThis study proposes the use of the voxel-based morphometry (VBM) technique to investigate structural alterations of the cerebral cortex in patients with strabismus and amblyopia (SA). Sixteen patients with SA and sixteen healthy controls (HCs) underwent magnetic resonance imaging. Original whole brain images were analyzed using the VBM method. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between mean gray matter volume (GMV) and clinical manifestations. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was applied to classify the mean GMV values of the SA group and HCs. Compared with the HCs, GMV values in the SA group showed a significant difference in the right superior temporal gyrus, posterior and anterior lobes of the cerebellum, bilateral parahippocampal gyrus, and left anterior cingulate cortex. The mean GMV value in the right superior temporal gyrus, posterior and anterior lobes of the cerebellum, and bilateral parahippocampal gyrus were negatively correlated with the angle of strabismus. The ROC curve analysis of each cerebral region confirmed the accuracy of the area under the curve. Patients with SA have reduced GMV values in some brain regions. These findings might help to reveal the potential pathogenesis of SA and its relationship with the atrophy of specific regions of the brain.

Download Full-text