scholarly journals Associations between Brain Structural Damage and Core Muscle Loss in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Ying-Nong Wu ◽  
Meng-Hsiang Chen ◽  
Pi-Ling Chiang ◽  
Cheng-Hsien Lu ◽  
Hsiu-Ling Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Muscle Loss ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Matter Volume

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease associated with progressive gray matter atrophy. In addition to motor function disorder, frailty and decreased muscle mass potentially contribute to increased morbidity risk. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the associations between lean muscle loss and gray matter volume (GMV) in PD patients. Methods: Thirty patients with PD and fifteen healthy controls underwent brain and bilateral thigh MRIs. The IDEAL sequence was employed, measuring the regions of interest (ROI) of fat percentage at the 50% point of femur length. Voxel-base morphometry (VBM) was used to assess regional gray matter volume differences between groups. Further correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the changes between gray matter volume and fatty percentage of the bilateral thigh after adjusting for age and gender. Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to evaluate the risk factor of core muscle loss in PD patients. Results: Compared with controls, patients with PD had significantly higher thigh fat percentage and smaller gray matter volume of several brain locations of the default mode network (DMN), specifically the left superior temporal gyrus, right uncus, and left inferior temporal gyrus, revealing association with higher thigh fat percentage. Further multiple linear regression analysis indicated that higher thigh fat percentage is associated with gender (female), increased disease duration, and smaller gray matter volume of the left superior temporal gyrus and right uncus in PD patients. Conclusions: Patients with PD experience core muscle loss in the thigh, associated with default mode network (DMN) degeneration, longer disease duration, and female gender. Identification of risk factors associated with lean muscle mass loss may assist in early prevention of comorbidities such as sarcopenia.

scholarly journals Multimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging reveals alterations of sensorimotor circuits in restless legs syndrome

SLEEP ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambra Stefani ◽  
Thomas Mitterling ◽  
Anna Heidbreder ◽  
Ruth Steiger ◽  
Christian Kremser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Iron Storage ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
The Right

Abstract Study Objectives Integrated information on brain microstructural integrity and iron storage and its impact on the morphometric profile is not available in restless legs syndrome (RLS). We applied multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including diffusion tensor imaging, the transverse relaxation rate (R2*), a marker for iron storage, as well as gray and white matter volume measures to characterize RLS-related MRI signal distribution patterns and to analyze their associations with clinical parameters. Methods Eighty-seven patients with RLS (mean age 51, range 20–72 years; disease duration, mean 13 years, range 1–46 years, of those untreated n = 30) and 87 healthy control subjects, individually matched for age and gender, were investigated with multimodal 3T MRI. Results Volume of the white matter compartment adjacent to the post- and precentral cortex and fractional anisotropy (FA) of the frontopontine tract were both significantly reduced in RLS compared to healthy controls, and these alterations were associated with disease duration (r = 0.25, p = 0.025 and r = 0.23, p = 0.037, respectively). Corresponding gray matter volume increases of the right primary motor cortex in RLS (p < 0.001) were negatively correlated with the right FA signal of the frontopontine tract (r = −0.22; p < 0.05). Iron content evaluated with R2* was reduced in the putamen as well as in temporal and occipital compartments of the RLS cohort compared to the control group (p < 0.01). Conclusions Multimodal MRI identified progressing white matter decline of key somatosensory circuits that may underlie the perception of sensory leg discomfort. Increases of gray matter volume of the premotor cortex are likely to be a consequence of functional neuronal reorganization.

scholarly journals The Association between Gray Matter Volume and Reading Proficiency: A Longitudinal Study of Beginning Readers

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janosch Linkersdörfer ◽  
Alina Jurcoane ◽  
Sven Lindberg ◽  
Jochen Kaiser ◽  
Marcus Hasselhorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reading Instruction ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Reading Proficiency ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Measurement Time ◽  
Cortical Volume ◽  
Matter Volume

Neural systems involved in the processing of written language have been identified by a number of functional imaging studies. Structural changes in cortical anatomy that occur in the course of literacy acquisition, however, remain largely unknown. Here, we follow elementary school children over their first 2 years of formal reading instruction and use tensor-based morphometry to relate reading proficiency to cortical volume at baseline and follow-up measurement as well as to intraindividual longitudinal volume development between the two measurement time points. A positive relationship was found between baseline gray matter volume in the left superior temporal gyrus and subsequent changes in reading proficiency. Furthermore, a negative relationship was found between reading proficiency at the second measurement time point and intraindividual cortical volume development in the inferior parietal lobule and the precentral and postcentral gyri of the left hemisphere. These results are interpreted as evidence that reading acquisition is associated with preexisting structural differences as well as with experience-dependent structural changes involving dendritic and synaptic pruning.

scholarly journals Reduced Gray Matter Volume and Risk of Falls in Parkinson’s Disease with Dementia Patients: A Voxel-Based Morphometry Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5374
Author(s):  
Kai-Lun Cheng ◽  
Li-Han Lin ◽  
Po-Cheng Chen ◽  
Pi-Ling Chiang ◽  
Yueh-Sheng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Voxel Based Morphometry ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Risk Of Falls

Purpose: Risk of falls is a common sequela affecting patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Although motor impairment and dementia are correlated with falls, associations of brain structure and cognition deficits with falls remain unclear. Material and Methods: Thirty-five PD patients with dementia (PDD), and 37 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects were recruited for this study. All participants received structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, and disease severity and cognitive evaluations. Additionally, patient fall history was recorded. Regional structural differences between PDD with and without fall groups were performed using voxel-based morphometry processing. Stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to predict the fall risk in PDD patients. Results: The results revealed that 48% of PDD patients experienced falls. Significantly lower gray matter volume (GMV) in the left calcarine and right inferior frontal gyrus in PDD patients with fall compared to PDD patients without fall were noted. The PDD patients with fall exhibited worse UPDRS-II scores compared to PDD patients without fall and were negatively correlated with lower GMV in the left calcarine (p/r = 0.004/−0.492). Furthermore, lower GMV in the left calcarine and right inferior frontal gyrus correlated with poor attention and executive functional test scores. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the left calcarine was the only variable (p = 0.004, 95% CI = 0.00–0.00) negatively associated with the fall event. Conclusions: PDD patients exhibiting impaired motor function, lower GMV in the left calcarine and right inferior frontal gyrus, and notable cognitive deficits may have increased risk of falls.

scholarly journals Reduced gray matter volume in the anterior cingulate, orbitofrontal cortex and thalamus as a function of mild depressive symptoms: a voxel-based morphometric analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (13) ◽  
pp. 2833-2843 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Webb ◽  
M. Weber ◽  
E. A. Mundy ◽  
W. D. S. Killgore
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Dimensional Approach ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Conjunction Analysis

BackgroundStudies investigating structural brain abnormalities in depression have typically employed a categorical rather than dimensional approach to depression [i.e. comparing subjects with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-defined major depressive disorder (MDD)v. healthy controls]. The National Institute of Mental Health, through their Research Domain Criteria initiative, has encouraged a dimensional approach to the study of psychopathology as opposed to an over-reliance on categorical (e.g. DSM-based) diagnostic approaches. Moreover, subthreshold levels of depressive symptoms (i.e. severity levels below DSM criteria) have been found to be associated with a range of negative outcomes, yet have been relatively neglected in neuroimaging research.MethodTo examine the extent to which depressive symptoms – even at subclinical levels – are linearly related to gray matter volume reductions in theoretically important brain regions, we employed whole-brain voxel-based morphometry in a sample of 54 participants.ResultsThe severity of mild depressive symptoms, even in a subclinical population, was associated with reduced gray matter volume in the orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, thalamus, superior temporal gyrus/temporal pole and superior frontal gyrus. A conjunction analysis revealed concordance across two separate measures of depression.ConclusionsReduced gray matter volume in theoretically important brain regions can be observed even in a sample that does not meet DSM criteria for MDD, but who nevertheless report relatively elevated levels of depressive symptoms. Overall, these findings highlight the need for additional research using dimensional conceptual and analytic approaches, as well as further investigation of subclinical populations.

scholarly journals Progressive Decrease of Left Superior Temporal Gyrus Gray Matter Volume in Patients With First-Episode Schizophrenia

2003 ◽  
Vol 160 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyoto Kasai ◽  
Martha E. Shenton ◽  
Dean F. Salisbury ◽  
Yoshio Hirayasu ◽  
Chang-Uk Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Progressive Decrease ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

scholarly journals Exposure to parental verbal abuse is associated with increased gray matter volume in superior temporal gyrus

NeuroImage ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. S280-S286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akemi Tomoda ◽  
Yi-Shin Sheu ◽  
Keren Rabi ◽  
Hanako Suzuki ◽  
Carryl P. Navalta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Verbal Abuse ◽  
Matter Volume

scholarly journals Altered Gray Matter Volume, Functional Connectivity, and Degree Centrality in Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Feng ◽  
Yifan Li ◽  
Xin Tan ◽  
Yi Liang ◽  
Xiaomeng Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Degree Centrality ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
The Right ◽  
Heschl Gyrus

Background: Structural and functional brain alterations that underlie cognitive decline have been observed in elderly adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, whether these alterations can be observed in patients with early-onset T2DM remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to describe the abnormalities in brain volume and functional patterns in patients with early-onset T2DM in the present study.Methods: We enrolled 20 patients with early-onset T2DM and 20 healthy controls (HCs). Changes in brain volume were assessed using voxel-based morphology (VBM), while changes in brain function were assessed using degree centrality (DC) and functional connectivity (FC).Results: Compared to HCs, patients with early-onset T2DM exhibited gray matter reductions in the left orbital superior, middle, and inferior frontal gyri as well as the right superior frontal gyrus. The gray matter reductions in the right superior frontal gyrus were negatively associated with the urine albumin to creatinine ratio. Furthermore, increased DC values were observed in the left superior temporal gyrus, left Heschl gyrus, and left hippocampus in patients with early-onset T2DM. An FC analysis of these regions revealed elevated connectivity in the right precuneus, left inferior parietal gyrus, left Heschl gyrus, bilateral post-central gyrus, bilateral insula, bilateral superior temporal gyrus, and bilateral medial and paracingulate gyrus. Furthermore, the FC of the hubs to the superior temporal gyrus, insula, and Heschl gyrus was increased and positively correlated with trail making test-B.Conclusion: Decreased local gray matter volume and increased DC and FC may represent the neurobiological mechanism underlying cognitive dysfunction in patients with early-onset T2DM.

scholarly journals Gray matter volume reduction with different disease duration in trigeminal neuralgia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan Shen ◽  
Huifeng Zheng ◽  
Jianwei Wang ◽  
Wenchang Guo ◽  
Xiaowan Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Volume Reduction ◽  
Matter Volume

scholarly journals Spatially Covarying Patterns of Gray Matter Volume and Concentration Highlight Distinct Regions in Schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Rootes-Murdy ◽  
Elaheh Zendehrouh ◽  
Vince D. Calhoun ◽  
Jessica A. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Volume Estimates ◽  
Matter Concentration

Introduction: Individuals with schizophrenia have consistent gray matter reduction throughout the cortex when compared to healthy individuals. However, the reduction patterns vary based on the quantity (concentration or volume) utilized by study. The objective of this study was to identify commonalities between gray matter concentration and gray matter volume effects in schizophrenia.Methods: We performed both univariate and multivariate analyses of case/control effects on 145 gray matter images from 66 participants with schizophrenia and 79 healthy controls, and processed to compare the concentration and volume estimates.Results: Diagnosis effects in the univariate analysis showed similar areas of volume and concentration reductions in the insula, occipitotemporal gyrus, temporopolar area, and fusiform gyrus. In the multivariate analysis, healthy controls had greater gray matter volume and concentration additionally in the superior temporal gyrus, prefrontal cortex, cerebellum, calcarine, and thalamus. In the univariate analyses there was moderate overlap between gray matter concentration and volume across the entire cortex (r = 0.56, p = 0.02). The multivariate analyses revealed only low overlap across most brain patterns, with the largest correlation (r = 0.37) found in the cerebellum and vermis.Conclusions: Individuals with schizophrenia showed reduced gray matter volume and concentration in previously identified areas of the prefrontal cortex, cerebellum, and thalamus. However, there were only moderate correlations across the cortex when examining the different gray matter quantities. Although these two quantities are related, concentration and volume do not show identical results, and therefore, should not be used interchangeably in the literature.

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