scholarly journals Organization of directed functional connectivity among nodes of ventral attention network reveals the common network mechanisms underlying saliency processing across distinct spatial and spatio-temporal scales

NeuroImage ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 231 ◽  
pp. 117869
Author(s):  
Priyanka Ghosh ◽  
Dipanjan Roy ◽  
Arpan Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Temporal Scales ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
The Common ◽  
Spatio Temporal

The State and Democratization: The United States in Comparative Perspective

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANCISCO E. GONZÁLEZ ◽  
DESMOND KING
Keyword(s):  
American Exceptionalism ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Liberal Democracies ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
American Experience ◽  
The Common ◽  
Spatio Temporal

In this article we defend the importance of the concept of ‘stateness’ in scholarly understanding of political democratization. We argue that because processes of political democratization in different spatio-temporal settings often share important similarities they are therefore comparable. We investigate this proposition by comparing the process of American political democratization with those of other liberal democracies, old and new. We review extant accounts of the historical process of American democratization – including those addressing American exceptionalism, class structures, multiple traditions, social movements, and international pressures – before presenting an alternative comparative account based on the idea of stateness. Attention to stateness problems defined along legal, bureaucratic and ideological dimensions and derived from both the classic Weberian perspective on the state and the more recent ‘third wave’ of democratization theory help to place the long American experience of democratization in comparative perspective. This finding illuminates some of the common political challenges in the construction of liberal democracies, old and new.

scholarly journals PSI-based methodology to land subsidence mechanism recognition

2015 ◽  
Vol 372 ◽  
pp. 357-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bonì ◽  
C. Meisina ◽  
C. Perotti ◽  
F. Fenaroli
Keyword(s):  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Vadose Zone ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Soil Consolidation ◽  
Persistent Scatterer Interferometry ◽  
Temporal Scales ◽  
Po Plain ◽  
Persistent Scatterer ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Abstract. A methodology based on Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) is proposed in order to disentangle the contribution of different processes that act at different spatio-temporal scales in land subsidence (i.e. vadose zone processes as swelling/shrinkage of clay soils, soil consolidation and fluid extraction). The methodology was applied in different Italian geological contexts characterized by natural and anthropic processes (i.e. a Prealpine valley and the Po Plain in northern Italy).

scholarly journals Attention network modulation via tRNS correlates with attention gain

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Contò ◽  
Grace Edwards ◽  
Sarah Tyler ◽  
Danielle Parrott ◽  
Emily Grossman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Random Noise ◽  
Cognitive Capacity ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
Transcranial Random Noise Stimulation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Behavioral Improvement

Transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) can enhance vision in the healthy and diseased brain. Yet, the impact of multi-day tRNS on large-scale cortical networks is still unknown. We investigated the impact of tRNS coupled with behavioral training on resting-state functional connectivity and attention. We trained human subjects for 4 consecutive days on two attention tasks, while receiving tRNS over the intraparietal sulci, the middle temporal areas, or Sham stimulation. We measured resting-state functional connectivity of nodes of the dorsal and ventral attention network (DVAN) before and after training. We found a strong behavioral improvement and increased connectivity within the DVAN after parietal stimulation only. Crucially, behavioral improvement positively correlated with connectivity measures. We conclude changes in connectivity are a marker for the enduring effect of tRNS upon behavior. Our results suggest that tRNS has strong potential to augment cognitive capacity in healthy individuals and promote recovery in the neurological population.

scholarly journals Foraging theory upscaled: the behavioural ecology of herbivore movement

2010 ◽  
Vol 365 (1550) ◽  
pp. 2267-2278 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Owen-Smith ◽  
J. M. Fryxell ◽  
E. H. Merrill
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Cycle ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Diel Activity ◽  
Patch Selection ◽  
Temporal Scales ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Gps Collars ◽  
Activity Schedule ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Time And Energy

We outline how principles of optimal foraging developed for diet and food patch selection might be applied to movement behaviour expressed over larger spatial and temporal scales. Our focus is on large mammalian herbivores, capable of carrying global positioning system (GPS) collars operating through the seasonal cycle and dependent on vegetation resources that are fixed in space but seasonally variable in availability and nutritional value. The concept of intermittent movement leads to the recognition of distinct movement modes over a hierarchy of spatio-temporal scales. Over larger scales, periods with relatively low displacement may indicate settlement within foraging areas, habitat units or seasonal ranges. Directed movements connect these patches or places used for other activities. Selection is expressed by switches in movement mode and the intensity of utilization by the settlement period relative to the area covered. The type of benefit obtained during settlement periods may be inferred from movement patterns, local environmental features, or the diel activity schedule. Rates of movement indicate changing costs in time and energy over the seasonal cycle, between years and among regions. GPS telemetry potentially enables large-scale movement responses to changing environmental conditions to be linked to population performance.

Hetero-STAN: Crowd Flow Prediction by Heterogeneous Spatio-Temporal Attention Network

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-41
Author(s):  
Kai Fang ◽  
Enze Yang ◽  
Yuxin Liu ◽  
Shuoyan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Attention ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
Flow Prediction ◽  
Spatio Temporal
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