Ion transmission through nanochannels: Energy dependent acceptance angle and transmission probability

Author(s):  
Sjoerd Roorda ◽  
Martin Chicoine
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
Shakir A.A. AL-Saidi ◽  
Alaa Ayad K. Al-mebir ◽  
J.M. Al-Mukh

The concept of using DNA molecules for designing nano-scale electronic systems has attracted researcher’s attention due to the unique properties of DNA, such as self-assembly and self-recognition. Thus, increased number of studies, theoretically and experimentally, have been carried out to study the possibility of adopting DNA molecules in designing nanoscale thermoelectric devices. In this work, a general expression of the electron transmission probability that describes the electron transfer through one strand DNA chain has been derived using the steady-state-formalism by assuming one strand of DNA molecules as line model. The energy-dependent transmission was studied, then energy-and temperature-dependent Seebeck coefficient, and thermoelectric characteristics of four one strand DNA sequences: (A-A)10, (C-C)10, (G-G)10 and (T-T)10 are theoretically studied. According to the obtained results, it is found that the transmission behavior (magnitude and position) is varying with the type of DNA sequence. Also, the energy dependent Seebeck coefficient (S-E) curves clearly show a nonlinear energy-dependence, while the relationship between Seebeck coefficient and temperature (S-T) is linear. Thermoelectric power factor as a function of temperature was found to be enhanced with the temperature increment for the four types of DNA nucleobases. The highest values of thermoelectric power factor belong to thymine (120Wm-1K-2) and cytosine (60 Wm-1K-2), that nominate them as outstanding candidate thermoelectric materials to be adopted in the fabrication of one strand DNA-base nanoscale thermoelectric devices.


Author(s):  
R.F. Egerton

SIGMAL is a short (∼ 100-line) Fortran program designed to rapidly compute cross-sections for L-shell ionization, particularly the partial crosssections required in quantitative electron energy-loss microanalysis. The program is based on a hydrogenic model, the L1 and L23 subshells being represented by scaled Coulombic wave functions, which allows the generalized oscillator strength (GOS) to be expressed analytically. In this basic form, the model predicts too large a cross-section at energies near to the ionization edge (see Fig. 1), due mainly to the fact that the screening effect of the atomic electrons is assumed constant over the L-shell region. This can be remedied by applying an energy-dependent correction to the GOS or to the effective nuclear charge, resulting in much closer agreement with experimental X-ray absorption data and with more sophisticated calculations (see Fig. 1 ).


Author(s):  
J.D. Geller ◽  
C.R. Herrington

The minimum magnification for which an image can be acquired is determined by the design and implementation of the electron optical column and the scanning and display electronics. It is also a function of the working distance and, possibly, the accelerating voltage. For secondary and backscattered electron images there are usually no other limiting factors. However, for x-ray maps there are further considerations. The energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometers (EDS) have a much larger solid angle of detection that for WDS. They also do not suffer from Bragg’s Law focusing effects which limit the angular range and focusing distance from the diffracting crystal. In practical terms EDS maps can be acquired at the lowest magnification of the SEM, assuming the collimator does not cutoff the x-ray signal. For WDS the focusing properties of the crystal limits the angular range of acceptance of the incident x-radiation. The range is dependent upon the 2d spacing of the crystal, with the acceptance angle increasing with 2d spacing. The natural line width of the x-ray also plays a role. For the metal layered crystals used to diffract soft x-rays, such as Be - O, the minimum magnification is approximately 100X. In the worst case, for the LEF crystal which diffracts Ti - Zn, ˜1000X is the minimum.


Author(s):  
R. D. Sjolund ◽  
C. Y. Shih

The differentiation of phloem in plant tissue cultures offers a unique opportunity to study the development and structure of sieve elements in a manner that avoids the injury responses associated with the processing of similar elements in intact plants. Short segments of sieve elements formed in tissue cultures can be fixed intact while the longer strands occuring in whole plants must be cut into shorter lengths before processing. While iyuch controversy surrounds the question of phloem function in tissue cultures , sieve elements formed in these cultured cells are structurally similar to those of Intact plants. We are particullarly Interested In the structure of the plasma membrane and the peripheral ER in these cells because of their possible role in the energy-dependent active transport of sucrose into the sieve elements.


2003 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Paidarová ◽  
Philippe Durand

The wave operator theory of quantum dynamics is reviewed and applied to the study of line profiles and to the determination of the dynamics of interacting resonances. Energy-dependent and energy-independent effective Hamiltonians are investigated. The q-reversal effect in spectroscopy is interpreted in terms of interfering Fano profiles. The dynamics of an hydrogen atom subjected to a strong static electric field is revisited.


2019 ◽  
Vol 207 ◽  
pp. 05006
Author(s):  
Tim Ruhe

As the energy of an incident neutrino cannot be accessed experimentally, muon neutrino energy spectra have to be inferred from energy-dependent observables, using deconvolution algorithms. This paper discusses the challenges associated with the application of deconvolution algorithms and presents two examples of spectral measurements obtained using the IceCube neutrino telescope in the 59- and 79-string configuration.


2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Marin ◽  
M. Stephan Okar ◽  
Eoin P. Sansevero ◽  
Isabel E. Hernandez ◽  
Catherine A. Ballard ◽  
...  

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