Dietary patterns affect maternal macronutrient intake levels and the fatty acid profile of breast milk in lactating Chinese mothers

AbstractResidents of Hong Kong have undergone a dietary transition from a traditional Chinese diet that is high in seafood to a more Western diet. This may have affected the nutritional composition of breast milk of Hong Kong mothers. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between the dietary pattern and the fatty acid profile of the breast milk of lactating women in Hong Kong. Seventy-three volunteering healthy Hong Kong lactating mothers participated in the study. Their dietary intakes were assessed by using a 3-d dietary record and FFQ. The mean n-3 fatty acid levels were approximately 0·4 % (EPA) and 0·9 % (DHA) of total fatty acids in the breast milk of lactating mothers who had exclusively breastfed their infants aged 2–6 months. Maternal dietary intakes of n-3 fatty acids were positively associated with their levels in the breast milk. The levels of maternal intakes of freshwater and saltwater fish, especially the consumption of salmon, croaker and mandarin, were significantly correlated with the content of DHA in breast milk. The present study is among the very few in the literature to determine the fatty acid profile of breast milk in Hong Kong populations and verify certain dietary factors that influence this profile. High levels of n-3 PUFA, especially DHA, were observed in the breast milk of Hong Kong lactating women. The findings may serve as a dietary reference for lactating mothers to optimise the fatty acid profile of their breast milk.

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Total and sn-2 fatty acid profile of breast milk from women delivering preterm infants under the influence of maternal characteristics

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/c8fo00642c ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 5750-5758

Author(s):

Yahua Xu ◽

Ce Qi ◽

Renqiang Yu ◽

Xiangyu Wang ◽

Qin Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Breast Milk ◽

Preterm Infants ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Premature Infants ◽

Maternal Characteristics

The composition of fatty acids in premature infants in Wuxi, China varies from lactation to gestation, with high LA and ALA and low DHA and AA.

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Relationship between Mediterranean diet and breast milk fatty acid profile: a study in breastfeeding women in Croatia

Dairy Science and Technology ◽

10.1007/s13594-013-0125-6 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 93 (3) ◽

pp. 287-301 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Greta Krešić ◽

Mihela Dujmović ◽

Milena L. Mandić ◽

Ivančica Delaš

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Breast Milk ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Milk Fatty Acid

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Nutritional and Fatty Acid Profile of Human Milk Samples from District Malakand, Pakistan

Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry ◽

10.21743/pjaec/2020.12.28 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 263-270

Author(s):

Muhammad Adil

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Breast Milk ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Vital Role ◽

Fatty Acid Profiles ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Complete Diet ◽

The Difference ◽

Time Of Feeding

Generally, breast milk is the first and complete diet for an infant. It has a pivotal role in determining the growth pattern of the kids. Breast milk has various nutritional ingredients and is a source of energy for the infants. It has a vital role in the development of the immune system. The composition of milk varies with the diet of the mother, environment, and time of feeding. The fatty acid profile and nutritional value of the breast milk of the Malakand district were determined. The fats and protein were determined using the recommended methods by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) and Ward method, respectively while the fatty acid profile was determined through GC-MS. Milk samples were analyzed for proximate composition and from the results the moisture content was 87.69%, ash 0.29%, fats 3.63%, protein 0.94%, and carbohydrate content ware 7.45%. The average fatty acid profiles of milk showed that it is composed of saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) with a concentration of 38.41%, 29.59%, and 14.70%, respectively. In general, both proximate and fatty acid profiles were found slightly different compared to the contents of breast milk in developed countries which may be due to the difference in diet, environment, and socioeconomic status of women in Pakistan.

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