Nutritional and Fatty Acid Profile of Human Milk Samples from District Malakand, Pakistan

Generally, breast milk is the first and complete diet for an infant. It has a pivotal role in determining the growth pattern of the kids. Breast milk has various nutritional ingredients and is a source of energy for the infants. It has a vital role in the development of the immune system. The composition of milk varies with the diet of the mother, environment, and time of feeding. The fatty acid profile and nutritional value of the breast milk of the Malakand district were determined. The fats and protein were determined using the recommended methods by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) and Ward method, respectively while the fatty acid profile was determined through GC-MS. Milk samples were analyzed for proximate composition and from the results the moisture content was 87.69%, ash 0.29%, fats 3.63%, protein 0.94%, and carbohydrate content ware 7.45%. The average fatty acid profiles of milk showed that it is composed of saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) with a concentration of 38.41%, 29.59%, and 14.70%, respectively. In general, both proximate and fatty acid profiles were found slightly different compared to the contents of breast milk in developed countries which may be due to the difference in diet, environment, and socioeconomic status of women in Pakistan.

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Mare’s Milk from a Small Polish Specialized Farm—Basic Chemical Composition, Fatty Acid Profile, and Healthy Lipid Indices

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11061590 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1590

Author(s):

Grażyna Czyżak-Runowska ◽

Jacek Antoni Wójtowski ◽

Romualda Danków ◽

Daniel Stanisławski

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Birth Order ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Age Structure ◽

Atherogenic Index ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Stage Of Lactation ◽

Bulk Tank

The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition, fatty acid profile, and values of healthy indices of milk from a specialized farm of Polish Coldblood mares of different ages, birth orders, and lactation stages. Milk samples (n = 48) were collected for analysis in weeks 10, 15, and 25 of lactation from mares aged between five and 14 years. The study showed that the stage of lactation has a significant effect on the fatty acid (FA) profile of the milk produced on the farm. The highest concentration of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated FAs was found in milk produced from the 15th week of lactation. The milk was also characterized by low values of atherogenic and thrombogenic indices, which indicate the health benefits of milk with respect to the content of fatty acids and their potential to prevent or cause atherosclerosis and thrombosis. The study also found a significant correlation between the number of foalings (birth order), the fatty acid profile, and atherogenic index of milk produced on the farm. The findings from the study indicate that it is possible to modify the fatty acid profile of bulk tank milk through appropriate management of the age structure of the herd of mares. To confirm this dependence, the study will be continued on a larger group of mares.

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Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids in diets fed to sows on fatty acids in brain, muscle and skin of their piglets

South African Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4314/sajas.v50i1.6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 47-54

Author(s):

I De Gasperín ◽

J.G. Vicente ◽

J.M. Pinos-Rodríguez ◽

F Montiel ◽

R Loeza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Soybean Oil ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Profiles ◽

Polyunsaturated Fat ◽

Pork Lard ◽

Piglet Survival

The aim of this research was to determine fatty acid profiles in piglet brain, skin, and muscle, and in the milk of sows fed fat with different saturation grades during gestation and lactation. At 42 days of gestation, 50 multiparous sows were randomly allocated to one of two treatments, namely a diet containing pork lard (n = 25) and a diet containing soybean oil (n = 25). The fats were provided at 3.6% during gestation and at 4% during lactation. The experimental diets were offered through the weaning of the piglets. The fatty acid profile of the milk was determined fourteen days after parturition. At weaning (21 days postpartum) and seven days later, one of the piglets (n = 64) from 16 sows allocated to each treatment was selected at random to determine fatty acid profiles in brain, skin and muscle. Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids were higher in the diet with pork lard than in that with soybean oil, in which the polyunsaturated fat content was higher. A higher saturation of fatty acids was found in milk from the sows that consumed pork lard, which contained more saturated fatty acids than the milk from sows that consumed soybean oil. The fatty acid profiles in muscle and skin of the piglets were affected by the diet of the sows. However, the fatty acid profile of the piglets’ brains was not affected by the diet of their mothers. Keywords: fat saturation, lard, piglet survival, sow feeding, soybean oil

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Immunoglobulin A antibodies directed againstCampylobacter jejuniflagellin present in breast–milk

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268800057769 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 112 (2) ◽

pp. 359-365 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

I. Nachamkin ◽

S. H. Fischer ◽

X.-H. Yang ◽

O. Benitez ◽

A. Cravioto

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Immunoglobulin A ◽

Specific Antibodies ◽

Breastfed Infants ◽

Milk Samples ◽

The Difference ◽

Campylobacter Infection ◽

The Relationship

SUMMAYWe studied the relationship between IgA anti–campylobacter flagellin antibodies in breast milk samples and protection of breastfed infants living in a rural Mexican village from campylobacter infection. There were fewer episodes of campylobacter infection (symptomatic and asymptomatic combined) in infants breastfed with milk containing specific anti-flagellin antibodies (1.2/child/year, 95% CI 0.6–1.8) versus non–breastfed children (3.3/child/year, 95% CI 1.8–4.8; P < 0.01). Infants breastfed with milk that was antiflagellin antibody negative by ELISA also had fewer episodes of infection compared with non-breastfed children, but the difference did not reach statistical significance (1.8/child/year, 95% CI 0.7–3.0 versus 3.3/child/year, 95% CI 1.8–4.8, P > 0.05). Breastfeeding has a protective effect against campylobacter infection and is associated with the presence of specific antibodies directed against campylobacter flagellin.

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460 Effect of Different Fatty Acid Profiles in the Maternal and Finishing Diet on Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Fatty Acid Profile and Gene Expression.

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/sky073.457 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 96 (suppl_2) ◽

pp. 247-247 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

D N Coleman ◽

A C Carranza Martin ◽

A E Relling

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽

Fatty Acid Profiles ◽

Adipose Tissue Fatty Acid ◽

Tissue Fatty Acid ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose

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FATTY ACID PROFILE OF NON-CONFORMING POOLED HUMAN MILK AS AFFECTED BY THE PROCESSING AND STORAGE CONDITIONS

International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH ◽

10.29121/granthaalayah.v9.i2.2021.3276 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 46-54

Author(s):

Otávio A. S. Ribeiro ◽

Kely P. Correa ◽

Mauricio O. Leite ◽

Marcio A. Martins ◽

Jane S. R. Coimbra

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Human Milk ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Storage Period ◽

Storage Conditions ◽

Milk Lipid ◽

Fatty Acid Profiles ◽

Operational Conditions ◽

Processing And Storage ◽

And Storage

The fatty acid's contents of non-conform pooled human milk can be affected by different processing and storage operational conditions. Besides, the knowledge of changes in the human milk fatty acid profile can help indicate its use in a given storage period, according to each newborn's specific need. Thus, in the present work, changes in the fatty acid profiles of three types of human milk (raw; pasteurized at 62.5 °C for 30 min; homogenized at 40 oC for 30 s followed by pasteurization) were studied during storage for six months in a freezer at -18 oC. Large variations were observed in the concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly of docosahexaenoic acid, with a reduction of almost 50% of its total. Palmitic and stearic acid contents also changed according to the conditions of processing and storage. Correlations between the decrease of long fatty acid chains and the increase of medium and short chains were verified. Thus, we observe that operational conditions of processing and storing change human milk lipid profile, with some nutritional losses.

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Fatty acid positional distribution in colostrum and mature milk of women living in Inner Mongolia, North Jiangsu and Guangxi of China

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/c8fo00787j ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 4234-4245 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Long Deng ◽

Qian Zou ◽

Biao Liu ◽

Wenhui Ye ◽

Chengfei Zhuo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Breast Milk ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Inner Mongolia ◽

Positional Distribution ◽

Mature Milk ◽

Lactating Women ◽

Food Records ◽

Milk Samples

In order to investigate the fatty acid composition and distribution in colostrum and mature milk, breast milk samples and 24 h food records were obtained from 65 lactating women across three regions in China.

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PSI-32 Impact of titrating levels of dried distillers grains with solubles as a replacement of soybean meal on Boer goat fat quality

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.516 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 254-254

Author(s):

Linnea Rimmer ◽

Cassandra K Jones

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Distillers Grains ◽

Fatty Acid Profiles ◽

Boer Goat ◽

Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽

Dried Distillers Grains ◽

Fat Quality ◽

The Impact

Abstract Due to the rising goat population in the United States, there is growing economic incentive to feed dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) over soybean meal (SBM). However, there is limited knowledge of how this may affect carcass composition. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to evaluate the impact of titrating levels of DDGS as a replacement of SBM on Boer goat fatty acid profiles. Thirty-two Boer goat kids were fed isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets consisting of 0%, 33%, 66%, and 100% DDGS replacing SBM. There were no detected differences (P > 0.05) in final body weight after a 47-d growth experiment. Goats were slaughtered in a commercial, USDA-inspected facility, backfat samples collected between the 12th and 13th rib, and samples analyzed for fatty acid profile via AOAC Official Method 996.06. Data were analyzed with goat as the experimental unit in a completely randomized design. Dietary treatment did not impact (P > 0.05) the overall fatty acid profile or iodine value (50 to 52 points) of fat samples. This may be because fatty acids go through biohydrogenation by rumen bacteria, limiting the impact of diet on fatty acid profile. That said, increasing levels of DDGS impacted (P = 0.03) both C16:1 and C18:3 in a quadratic manner. Specifically, goats fed 0% and 100% DDGS replacing SBM had higher C16:1 than those fed intermediate levels of DDGS, while the opposite was true for C18:3. No other fatty acid was affected (P > 0.05), nor were there shifts in the ratio of saturated vs. unsaturated, or the total sum of n-3 fatty acids. In summary, fatty acid profiles are not significantly impacted by increasing levels of DDGS in place of SBM, and therefore DDGS can be used in Boer goat diets without impacting fat quality.

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Positive relationship between consumption of specific fish type and n-3 PUFA in milk of Hong Kong lactating mothers

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114519000801 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 121 (12) ◽

pp. 1431-1440

Author(s):

Vincy Wing-Si Wong ◽

Yuk-Fan Ng ◽

Suk-Mei Chan ◽

Yi-Xiang Su ◽

Kevin Wing-Hin Kwok ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Hong Kong ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Breast Milk ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Dietary Factors ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Lactating Women ◽

Lactating Mothers ◽

Dietary Record

AbstractResidents of Hong Kong have undergone a dietary transition from a traditional Chinese diet that is high in seafood to a more Western diet. This may have affected the nutritional composition of breast milk of Hong Kong mothers. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between the dietary pattern and the fatty acid profile of the breast milk of lactating women in Hong Kong. Seventy-three volunteering healthy Hong Kong lactating mothers participated in the study. Their dietary intakes were assessed by using a 3-d dietary record and FFQ. The mean n-3 fatty acid levels were approximately 0·4 % (EPA) and 0·9 % (DHA) of total fatty acids in the breast milk of lactating mothers who had exclusively breastfed their infants aged 2–6 months. Maternal dietary intakes of n-3 fatty acids were positively associated with their levels in the breast milk. The levels of maternal intakes of freshwater and saltwater fish, especially the consumption of salmon, croaker and mandarin, were significantly correlated with the content of DHA in breast milk. The present study is among the very few in the literature to determine the fatty acid profile of breast milk in Hong Kong populations and verify certain dietary factors that influence this profile. High levels of n-3 PUFA, especially DHA, were observed in the breast milk of Hong Kong lactating women. The findings may serve as a dietary reference for lactating mothers to optimise the fatty acid profile of their breast milk.

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Genotypic Influences on Fatty Acid Profiles and Germinability of Pecan Pollen

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.487b ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 487b-487

Author(s):

William R. Nail ◽

J. Benton Storey ◽

L.J. Grauke

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Discriminant Analysis ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Pollen Germination ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Canonical Discriminant Analysis ◽

Carya Illinoinensis ◽

Fatty Acid Profiles ◽

Specific Fatty Acid

Pollen of pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] from five protandrous and five protogynous genotypes was analyzed for germinability and fatty acid profile. Fatty acid profiles as a function of genotype were distinctive in all selections, but only three of the genotypes had fatty acid profiles that were easily distinguishable from others by canonical discriminant analysis. Specific fatty acid percentages influenced germination in some genotypes. Total saturated and unsaturated fatty acids influenced pollen germination to a greater degree than individual fatty acids. The effects of fatty acids on pollen germination of protandrous genotypes were opposite those on `Stuart', the only protogynous genotype to be influenced by fatty acid percentages.

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