Endogenous nitrogen losses (praecaecal and total) in case of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (induced by pancreatic duct ligation) in pigs – Used as a model for humans

Abstract Background Pancreatic duct ligation in a minipig model leads to exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI). This allows the study of digestive processes and pancreatic enzyme replacement therapies. However, detailed descriptions of the surgical procedure, perioperative management, a determination of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency are scarce in the literature. Data of the long-term health status of minipigs upon EPI induction are still not available. Therefore, the present study describes in detail an experimental approach to the induction of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency via pancreatic duct ligation in minipigs and the long term follow up of the animal’s health state. Methods 14 Goettingen minipigs underwent pancreatic duct ligation via midline laparotomy for the induction of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Fecal fat content, fat absorption, chymotrypsin levels, body weight and blood vitamin and glucose levels were determined. Results Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency was successfully induced in 12 Goettingen minipigs. Two minipigs failed to develop exocrine insufficiency most likely due to undetected accessory pancreatic ducts. All animals tolerated the procedure very well and gained weight within 8 weeks after surgery without requiring pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy. The follow up for approx. 180 weeks showed a stable body weight and health state of the animals with normal blood glucose levels (Table 1). From approx. 130 weeks post pancreatic duct ligation, all animals were supplemented with pancreatic enzymes and vitamins resulting in blood concentrations almost within the reference range. Conclusions Pancreatic duct ligation in minipigs is an excellent method of inducing exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. It is important to identify and ligate accessory pancreatic ducts since persistence of accessory ducts will lead to maintenance of exocrine pancreatic function. The EPI model caused no persistent side effects in the animals and has the potential to be used in long-term EPI studies with up to 100 weeks post-OP without supplementation with enzymes and vitamins.

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Biochemical changes in the jejunal mucosa of dogs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency following pancreatic duct ligation

Research in Veterinary Science ◽

10.1016/s0034-5288(18)31258-x ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 338-345 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

K.W. SIMPSON ◽

D.B. MORTON ◽

S.H. SØRENSEN ◽

L. McLEAN ◽

J.E. RILEY ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pancreatic Duct ◽

Pancreatic Insufficiency ◽

Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency ◽

Biochemical Changes ◽

Jejunal Mucosa ◽

Pancreatic Duct Ligation ◽

Duct Ligation

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Long - term follow up of a simplified and less burdened pancreatic duct ligation model of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in Goettingen Minipigs

10.21203/rs.3.rs-19123/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Andreas Minh Luu ◽

Alexander Brock ◽

Sabrina Ritz ◽

Sandra Junghänel ◽

Ingo Aldag ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pancreatic Duct ◽

Pancreatic Insufficiency ◽

Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency ◽

Pancreatic Ducts ◽

Fat Absorption ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Pancreatic Duct Ligation ◽

Duct Ligation

Abstract BackgroundPancreatic duct ligation in a minipig model leads to exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI). This allows studies of digestive processes and pancreatic enzyme replacement therapies (PERT). However, detailed descriptions of the surgical procedure, perioperative management, and determination of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency are scarce in literature. To date, data of long-term health status of minipigs after induction of EPI are not available. This study describes in detail the experimental approach of EPI-induction via pancreatic duct ligation in minipigs and long-term results of the animal’s health state.Methods14 Goettingen minipigs underwent pancreatic duct ligation via midline laparotomy for the induction of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Fecal fat content, fat absorption, body weight, chymotrypsin levels, blood vitamin levels and glucose levels were determined. Follow-up data was gathered for a period of 180 weeks postoperatively.ResultsExocrine pancreatic insufficiency was successfully induced in 12 Goettingen minipigs. Fecal fat content increased from 9.0% to 30.9% (p < 0.001). Mean coefficient of fat absorption decreased from 90% (± 2.8) to 24.2% (± 8.3). PERT led to a significant increase of fat absorption. Two minipigs failed to develop exocrine insufficiency most likely due to undetected accessory pancreatic ducts. All animals tolerated the procedure very well and gained weight within 6 weeks past surgery. Follow up for 180 weeks showed a stable body weight and health state of the animals with normal blood glucose levels. Vitamin E and B12 levels dropped significantly between post-op week 125 and 134 requiring vitamin supplementation. ConclusionsPancreatic duct ligation in minipigs is an excellent method to induce exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. It is important to identify and ligate accessory pancreatic ducts since persistence of accessory ducts will lead to maintenance of exocrine pancreatic function. The EPI model caused no persistent side effects in the animals and can be applied in long-term EPI studies. However, it is important to substitute Vitamin B12 and E as their concentration drops in the long-term period.

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Publisher Correction: Pancreatic duct ligation reduces premalignant pancreatic lesions in a Kras model of pancreatic adenocarcinoma in mice

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-85032-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Marta Cáceres ◽

Rita Quesada ◽

Mar Iglesias ◽

Francisco X. Real ◽

Maria Villamonte ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pancreatic Duct ◽

Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma ◽

Pancreatic Duct Ligation ◽

Duct Ligation

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

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Somatostatin levels and binding in duodenal mucosa of rabbits with ligation of the pancreatic duct

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.1180227 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 118 (2) ◽

pp. 227-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

L. G. Guijarro ◽

E. Arilla

Keyword(s):

Pancreatic Duct ◽

Binding Sites ◽

Exocrine Pancreas ◽

Duodenal Mucosa ◽

Physiological Significance ◽

Scatchard Analysis ◽

Pancreatic Duct Ligation ◽

Parallel Increase ◽

Duct Ligation ◽

Number Of Binding Sites

ABSTRACT Atrophy of the exocrine pancreas was induced in rabbits by pancreatic duct ligation. Somatostatin concentration and binding in cytosol from rabbit duodenal mucosa were studied after 6 and 14 weeks of pancreatic duct ligation. Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity was significantly increased in the duodenal mucosa in both periods. Scatchard analysis showed a parallel increase in the number of binding sites rather than a change in their affinity. The physiological significance of these findings remains to be clarified. J. Endocr. (1988) 118, 227–232

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Apoptosis associated gene expressions in pancreas after pancreatic duct ligation in rats

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(08)83587-1 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 120 (5) ◽

pp. A720

Author(s):

Hong Sik Lee ◽

Chang Duck Kim ◽

Byung Won Hur ◽

Chang Don Kang ◽

Hoon Jai Chun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pancreatic Duct ◽

Gene Expressions ◽

Pancreatic Duct Ligation ◽

Duct Ligation

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Pancreatic duct ligation reduces premalignant pancreatic lesions in a Kras model of pancreatic adenocarcinoma in mice

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-74947-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Marta Cáceres ◽

Rita Quesada ◽

Mar Iglesias ◽

Francisco X. Real ◽

Maria Villamonte ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pancreatic Duct ◽

Premalignant Lesions ◽

Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽

High Grade ◽

Histological Changes ◽

Pancreatic Duct Ligation ◽

Duct Ligation ◽

Risk Patients ◽

Flat Lesions ◽

Over Time

Abstract Pancreatic duct ligation (PDL) in the murine model has been described as an exocrine pancreatic atrophy-inducing procedure. However, its influence has scarcely been described on premalignant lesions. This study describes the histological changes of premalignant lesions and the gene expression in a well-defined model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by PDL. Selective ligation of the splenic lobe of the pancreas was performed in Ptf1a-Cre(+/ki); K-ras LSLG12Vgeo(+/ki) mice (PDL-Kras mice). Three experimental groups were evaluated: PDL group, controls and shams. The presence and number of premalignant lesions (PanIN 1–3 and Atypical Flat Lesions—AFL) in proximal (PP) and distal (DP) pancreas were studied for each group over time. Microarray analysis was performed to find differentially expressed genes (DEG) between PP and PD. Clinical human specimens after pancreaticoduodenectomy with ductal occlusion were also evaluated. PDL-Kras mice showed an intense pattern of atrophy in DP which was shrunk to a minimal portion of tissue. Mice in control and sham groups had a 7 and 10-time increase respectively of risk of high-grade PanIN 2 and 3 and AFL in their DP than PDL-Kras mice. Furthermore, PDL-Kras mice had significantly less PanIN 1 and 2 and AFL lesions in DP compared to PP. We identified 38 DEGs comparing PP and PD. Among them, several mapped to protein secretion and digestion while others such as Nupr1 have been previously associated with PanIN and PDAC. PDL in Ptf1a-Cre(+/ki); K-ras LSLG12Vgeo(+/ki) mice induces a decrease in the presence of premalignant lesions in the ligated DP. This could be a potential line of research of interest in some cancerous risk patients.

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