Divergent herb communities in drier and chronically disturbed areas of the Brazilian Caatinga

Reviewed studies of the effects of forest herbicide applications on wildlife often lacked replication, pretreatment information, and (or) were conducted for only one or two growing seasons after treatment. Because of these problems, as well as the use of dissimilar sampling techniques, study conclusions have sometimes been contradictory. A review of eight studies of the effects of herbicide treatments on northern songbird populations in regenerating clearcuts indicates that total songbird populations are seldom reduced during the growing season after treatment. Densities of species that use early successional brushy, deciduous cover are sometimes reduced, while densities of species which commonly use more open areas, sometimes increase. A review of 14 studies of the effects of herbicide treatments on small mammals indicates that like songbirds, small mammal responses are species specific. Some species are unaffected, while some select and others avoid herbicide-treated areas. Only studies that use kill or removal trapping to study small mammal responses show density reductions associated with herbicide treatment. It seems that some small mammal species may be reluctant to venture into disturbed areas, although residents in those areas are apparently not affected by the disturbance. Fourteen relevant studies examined the effects of conifer release treatments on moose and deer foods and habitat use. Conifer release treatments reduce the availability of moose browse for as long as four growing seasons after treatment. The degree of reduction during the growing season after treatment varies with the herbicide and rate used. Deer use of treated areas remains unchanged or increases during the first growing season after treatment. Eight years after treating a naturally regenerated spruce–fir stand browse was three to seven times more abundant on treated than on control plots (depending on the chemical and rate used). Forage quality (nitrogen, ash, and moisture) of crop trees increased one growing season after the soil-active herbicide simazine was applied to control competition around outplanted 3-year-old balsam fir seedlings.

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Flora of technologenic landscapes of the taiga zone of the European North-East (Komi Republic)

10.19110/89606-024 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

V.A. Martynenko ◽

◽

B.I. Gruzdev

Keyword(s):

Vascular Plants ◽

Komi Republic ◽

Taxonomic Composition ◽

Taiga Zone ◽

North East ◽

Annotated List ◽

European North ◽

Disturbed Areas ◽

Synanthropic Flora

The results of a long-term studu of the flora of technologenichabitats of the taiga zone of the Komi Republic are summarized. An annotated list of vascular plants is presented, including 406 species from 222 genera and 52 families. For each of them, it is indicated that they belong to a life from, an element of the flora and type of area, an ecologicsl group, zonal and ecotopic affinity. Data on the taxonomic composition of vascular plants, the biomorphrological, geographical, and ecological structures of synanthropic flora, the diversity of synanthropic plant communities, and the stages of vegetation restoration in disturbed areas are presented.

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RATIONALE FOR MONITORING GROUNDWATER LEVELS IN THE REHABILITATED PEATLANDS OF PRIPYAT POLESIE

Nature Management ◽

10.47612/2079-3928-2020-2-33-43 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 33-43

Author(s):

Olga N. Ratnicava ◽

Irina P. Lisitsyna ◽

Inna V. Аgeichik

Keyword(s):

Field Studies ◽

Natural State ◽

Groundwater Levels ◽

Discharge Water ◽

Peat Deposits ◽

Disturbed Areas ◽

Key Points ◽

Before And After ◽

Vegetation Maps ◽

Relationship Of

Based on studies of geomorphology, stratigraphy, hydrology, various maps of Polesie, zones of influence of amelioration canals, vegetation maps, modern satellite images, as well as field studies of peatlands of Pripyat Polesie, two independent drainage systems have been identified, with a network of amelioration canals that intensively discharge water into the rivers Stwiga and Ybort`. Maps of key points were built In GIS-format, on which five sites were laid in the field within the Mezhch and Neresnya peat deposits for further long-term monitoring of GWL parameters. The locations of the sensors installation are based on the relationship of bog phytocenoses with the average annual GWL values and the amplitude of their fluctuations. Analysis of the GWL parameters before and after environmental rehabilitation measures will allow assessing the effectiveness of planned measures in disturbed areas and obtaining new data on areas of peat deposits in their natural state.

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Assessment of the Possibility of Biological Recultivation Tail Deposits in the Yenisei North

Ecology and Industry of Russia ◽

10.18412/1816-0395-2021-5-39-45 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (5) ◽

pp. 39-45

Author(s):

A.Kh. Sariev ◽

N.Yu. Cherbakova ◽

N.Yu. Terentyeva

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Soil Cover ◽

Artificial Substrate ◽

Fertilizer N ◽

Drainage Layer ◽

Average Productivity ◽

Plant Soil ◽

Disturbed Areas ◽

Storage Facilities

The assessment of the possibility of creating a plant-soil cover on an artificially created seal-gravel drainage layer with a rocky bed (h=110¸150 cm), on the disturbed areas of the adjacent areas of tailings storage facilities. Research for 2017–2019 shows that when sowing recult-vants with sowing standards of 150–200 kg/ha and doses of fertilizer N60P60K60 and N120P60K60 on an artificial substrate it is possible to form meadow formations with a density of grass 10–12000 pc/m2 and average productivity of 21–24 c/ha. A plant-soil-blooded blood with a turf layer of 8–10 cm is created with the simultaneous overlap of heavy metals of man-made substrates and elimination of pulp sands dusting, which contributes to the improvement of the microclimate of the environment.

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Are orchid bees at risk? First comparative survey suggests declining populations of forest-dependent species

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/s1519-69842013000200017 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 73 (2) ◽

pp. 367-374 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

A Nemésio

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Forest ◽

Anthropogenic Disturbances ◽

The Other ◽

Orchid Bees ◽

Orchid Bee ◽

Disturbed Areas ◽

Eastern Brazil ◽

Forest Remnants ◽

Declining Populations ◽

Comparative Survey

The two largest Atlantic Forest remnants in the state of Espírito Santo, eastern Brazil, namely ‘Reserva Biológica de Sooretama’ (REBIO Sooretama) and ‘Reserva Natural Vale’ (RNV), were surveyed for their orchid-bee faunas. Seventeen scent baits were used to attract orchid-bee males. Three-thousand, two hundred and twenty-five males belonging to 24 species were actively collected with insect nets during 100 hours in March, April and December, 2009. In comparison with a previous study in the same area twelve years before, it is evident that the abundance of all forest-dependent orchid bees analysed declined around 50%, and it was statistically significant (P = 0.022) for Euglossa marianae Nemésio, 2011, the most sensitive to anthropogenic disturbances of all Atlantic Forest orchid bees. On the other hand, the abundance of populations of species tolerant to open or disturbed areas rose. Possible explanations are discussed.

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Abundance and spatial-temporal distribution of Macrobrachium surinamicum Holthuis, 1948 (Palaemonidae) in the Amazon estuary, north of Brazil

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/1519-6984.00316 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 77 (3) ◽

pp. 594-601

Author(s):

D. V. Cavalcante ◽

B. S. Bentes ◽

J. M. Martinelli-Lemos

Keyword(s):

Significant Influence ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Temporal Distribution ◽

Artisanal Fisheries ◽

Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽

Low Salinity ◽

Amazon Estuary ◽

Disturbed Areas ◽

Macrobrachium Amazonicum ◽

The City

Abstract Macrobrachium surinamicum is a small shrimp that inhabits rivers of low salinity. It is mainly caught as bycatch in Amazon shrimp Macrobrachium amazonicum fisheries, which is widely exploited by artisanal fisheries for food and economic needs of the riverside population. This study aimed to characterize the spatial and temporal distribution of the freshwater shrimp M. surinamicum in the Guajará Bay and on Mosqueiro Island, correlating the abundance of this species with abiotic factors (temperature and salinity). Samples were taken from May 2006 to April 2007 in six locations: Mosqueiro Island (Furo das Marinhas and Porto do Pelé); Icoaraci district; Arapiranga Island, edge of the city of Belém; and Combu Island, using traps named 'matapis'. A total of 361 shrimps were caught. The abundance was higher in December and lower in July 2006. The biggest catch occurred on Arapiranga Island and the lowest on Mosqueiro Island. The abundance differed significantly in December 2006 and no variable studied had significant influence on M. surinamicum abundance. In Guajará Bay, particularly the more sheltered places, as Arapiranga and Combu islands, favor the development of M. surinamicum, indicating that this species has preference for less disturbed areas.

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Vesicular – arbuscular mycorrhizae in disturbed and revegetated sites from La Gran Sabana, Venezuela

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b92-009 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 73-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Gisela Cuenca ◽

Milagros Lovera

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽

Plant Cover ◽

Ground Cover ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Most Probable Number ◽

Probable Number ◽

Organic Layers ◽

Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽

Disturbed Areas ◽

Vesicular Arbuscular

Savannas growing on stony, old and nutrient-poor soils of southern Venezuela were severely disturbed by removal of the soil organic layers with bulldozers for road building. Introduced species Brachiaria decumbens, Brachiaria humidicola, Pueraria phaseoloides, and Calopogonium sp. were sown. The substrate was fertilized and limed. Plant cover, vesicular – arbuscular mycorrhizae colonization, spore number, and most probable number of propagulels in undisturbed savanna, disturbed nonrevegetated savanna, and six revegetated savannas were assessed. The perturbation reduced the mycorrhizal propagule number in comparison with the undisturbed savanna. In the nonrevegetated areas the mean percent ground cover 2 years after disturbance was low (0.04%). In revegetated areas an increase in mycorrhizal propagule number occurred and the mycorrhizal colonization of the sown species was high. In restored areas there was an increase in species of nonmycotrophic Amaranthaceae. The results support other predictions on the mycorrhizae in successional biomes, because in the extremely nutrient-poor soils studied the colonizing species were mainly mycotrophic. The reclamation program applied in disturbed areas was useful because it has allowed the recovery of vesicular – arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculum and there was an increase in the recolonization of native plants. Key words: disturbance, endomycorrhizae, revegetation, savanna, vesicular – arbuscular mycorrhizae.

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A review of the biology and ecology of Florida beggarweed (Desmodium tortuosum)

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/ws-03-028r ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 185-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Theodore M. Webster ◽

John Cardina

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Cultural Practices ◽

The United States ◽

Western Hemisphere ◽

Southern United States ◽

Southeast United States ◽

Forage Crop ◽

Disturbed Areas ◽

The World

Florida beggarweed is native to the Western Hemisphere but is naturalized around the world. During the last century, the mechanization of agriculture has transitioned Florida beggarweed from an important forage component to a weed of significance in the coastal plain of the southeast United States. This herbaceous annual is naturalized and found in fields and disturbed areas throughout the southern United States. The characteristics that made Florida beggarweed a good forage crop also make it a formidable weed. This review describes the importance of Florida beggarweed as a weed in the southern United States and the taxonomy of this species and details the distribution throughout the world and within the United States. The ecology of Florida beggarweed and its interactions with crop plants, insects, nematodes, and plant pathogens also are summarized. Finally, management of Florida beggarweed in agricultural systems using cultural practices and herbicides is reviewed.

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Natural plant recolonization of surficial disturbances, Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula Region, Northwest Territories

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b73-280 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 51 (11) ◽

pp. 2177-2196 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Helios Hernandez

Keyword(s):

Plant Cover ◽

Mineral Soil ◽

Energy Budgets ◽

Mackenzie Delta ◽

Calamagrostis Canadensis ◽

Disturbed Areas ◽

Sedge Meadows ◽

Tall Shrub ◽

Seismic Lines ◽

Plant Recolonization

Seismic lines or winter roads were sampled where they passed through three different plant communities in the Mackenzie Delta and through four of the major tundra communities in the Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula. Winter seismic lines have been less detrimental than summer lines for all communities examined. Although winter roads through upland areas remove most of the vegetation cover, the peat layer usually remains intact and soil energy budgets are relatively little affected. Wetland sedge meadows are highly susceptible to summer disturbance but least affected by winter operations. Winter-disturbed forested and tall shrub communities recover faster initially than similarly disturbed upland tundra communities.Eriophorum vaginatum and Carex bigelowii appeared to be stimulated by disturbances which did not eliminate them, with Eriophorum often flowering more abundantly in disturbed areas. This probably results from warmer soils and greater nutrient uptake.Summer seismic lines (1965), originally bladed to permafrost, resulted in exposure of mineral soil and thus led to secondary succession in tundra communities. Arctagrostis latifolia, Calamagrostis canadensis, Poa arctica, and Luzula confusa are the most typical and abundant pioneers of upland mesic sites. Wet sites are colonized predominantly by Arctophila fulva and Carex aquatilis. Once established, these species expanded rhizomatously. Six years after exposure of mineral soil, plant cover was usually 30 to 50%.Thaw was generally increased 80 to 100% where mineral soil was exposed, 30 to 50% if the peat remained intact, and 10% if plant cover was little altered. Subsurface ice has occasionally been exposed, resulting in thermokarst subsidence. Water erosion has not been a factor, probably because of the low precipitation in the region.

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