Economic and industrial assessment of common plum and cherry plum in the foothill zone of Adygea

The article contains materials of the research on the yield of common plum and cherry plum varieties. The most productive samples have been selected. The productivity of the selected varieties have been studied for four years, which includes the following characteristics: average productivity (kg/tree), average productivity from one cubic meter of a crown (kg/m3 ), average fruit weight (g), average productivity (% to the standard). The economic efficiency of common plum and cherry plum for a 5 years period has been studied. The following indicators have taken into account: yield (t/ha), product cost (rubles/ha), production costs (rubles/ha), sales profit (rubles/ha), product profitability (%). It has been found that the productivity of the studied varieties (kg/tree) is quite different. Common plum productivity varies from from 14,4 (Nectar) to 34,6 (Shamsi). That of cherry plum varies from 20 (Rioni) to 34,1 (Shuntukskaya 11). Mathematical processing of data on the yield of fruits of common plum and cherry plum has been carried out using the method of field experiment. Statistical processing of one-factor experiment has been carried out by the method of deviation from the average one according to the variant. 3 groups of plum and cherry plum varieties have been identified at the standard level: low-productive, medium-productive, high-productive. The varieties of cherry plum with high productivity from one cubic meter of crown, more than 2,0 kg/m3 , have been identified: early Niberdzhaevskaya (st), Most early, Shuntukskaya 9, Shuntukskaya 11, Klyukovka, large Nalchikskaya. These include the following varieties of common plum: Renklod Altana, early Kabardinskaya (st), Vascova, Arvita, Hungarian Italian, Anna Shpet (st). The studied varieties of plum and cherry plum are divided into groups according to fruit sizes: small-fruited, medium-fruited and large-fruited. It has been established that the economic efficiency of the production of common plum and cherry plum fruits mainly depends on the yield of the variety and the cost of production. The profitability of common plum varieties is from 59,7% to 130%, cherry plum – from 39,9% to 59,2%.Economic and industrial assessment of common plum and cherryplum in the foothill zone of Adygea.

Welder learning curves behaviour: “focus on welding productivity with the TIG process of marine platforms stainless steel pipes”

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to analyse the feasibility of using the potential and exponential curve models to assess the learning of a group of welders, when welding stainless steel piping with the tungsten inert gas process.Design/methodology/approachThe welding productivity data grouped according to the requirements of the ASME SECTION IX code is organised into two groups: average productivity and baseline productivity. When processing the adjustment to the two models, the Excel software Solver tool was used. The criteria for assessing the quality of the fit were: least squared method, Spearman's correlation coefficient and graphical method. The impact of the variation coefficient on the average productivity and the amplitude (difference between the minimum and maximum productivity) was also evaluated on the baseline productivity.FindingsThe curves elaborated based on the average productivity presented better quality of adjustment than those constructed from the baseline productivity. The potential and exponential models presented similar adjustment conditions, with the second having a slightly superior performance. There were no productivity gains due to learning in the studied time interval. The grouping of the average daily productivity data based on the diameter range established in the ASME code section IX presented satisfactory results, enabling its use by the industry.Originality/valueThere is no news of work on piping welding with this focus. The proposal to group the productivity data according to the degree of difficulty of execution established by the ASME code section IX, widely used in the industry, is a significant contribution to monitoring the evolution of learning. In the same way, the results allow to adopt the average productivity determined from the first 20 days of realisation of a project, as a reasonable indicator to estimate the future performance of the work, helping to correct deadlines during the realisation of a project.

Pengaruh Waktu Kupas dan Volume Kayu Terhadap Produktivitas dan Biaya Pengupasan Kulit Kayu Hutan Alam

Debarking is the activities in the loading point after bucking. The purpose of debarking is to clean wood from bark and reduce the wood moisture content to be easier for further handling. The research method was carried out by selecting the location of 2 loading points where debarking was done, measuring the debarking time and the log volume, and then analyzing the effect of debarking time and log volume on the productivity of debarking with multiple regression analysis. The results showed that: 1) The average debarking produkctivity in loading point 1 was 21.12 m3/hr an average debarking time of 25.49 minutes and log volume of 9.16 m3; 2) The average productivity of debarking in the second loading point was 20.77 m3/hr with an average debarking time of 19.45 minutes and a log volume of 6.81 m3; 3)The average of debarking cost at loading point #1 is lower than at loading point#2; 4) The resulting regression equation model is Y = 20,931.001 – 49,516.314 X1 + 2.324 X2; and 5)The log volume is significant to debarking productivity, while the debarking time is negative

The ways of improving and stabilization the productivity of pasture reclamation and forage plantations in the agricultural landscapes of the Lower Volga region

The goal of the research is the development of effective methods of stabilization and determining ways to increase productive productivity in natural and designed agrocenosis. It is necessary to choose the promising composition of the pasture reclamation and forage plantations, taking into account their seasonality and the optimal seizures of the seizure of phytomass. The objects of research chosen pasture phytocenoses of the Astrakhan Volga region, the northern part of the Harabali district, the Burley plot (47° 33' N.; 47° 16' E), and vegetative sites of the hydrological complex of the Federal research center of agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Volgograd (48 ° 65' N., 44 ° 44' E.). Ecological and biological features of the dominant forage shrubs of Eurotia Ceratoides L. and Kochia Prostrata L. Schrad, Artemisia Lercheana Web., and the herbs of the Poaceae family studied according to generally accepted techniques. As a result of research, it was found that in the vegetative sites with a black soil soil substrate, the best conditions for the growth and development of herbage with the average productivity of the green mass of 1.1 t / ha for vegetation are formed, where more than 70% of the phytomass shape Poaceae. The smallest average productivity is marked on the light-chestnut soup substrate "Spring-Summer" pasture – 0.73 t / ha. Conclusion. The use of pastures is different, so the composition of agrocenoses must be chosen based on the season of operation, optimizing the load on the pasture. At the moment, the maximum adapted composition of the pasture reclamation and forage plantations, promising to create multi-tiered communities. The presented assortment serves as a stable source of additional and stable animal feed on the pasture, while at the same time rendering a positive phytomeliorative effect. The design of pasture agrocenoses allows to achieve productivity of at least 0.73 t / ha. In the structure of their phytomass, cereal species dominate, and shrubs and semi-stares perform a stabilizing role, contributing to the acceleration of the processes for the restoration of degraded pasture phytocenoses.

VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS OF FISH IN KARAIYAMAI RURAL MUNICIPALITY, BARA DISTRICT OF NEPAL

The research entitled “Value chain analysis of fish in Karaiyamai Rural Municipality, Bara district of Nepal” was conducted in 2020 focusing on the chain of actors involved in supplying inputs to the farmers and thereby supplying finished product to the ultimate consumers through various market intermediaries. The survey research design was used for the study where respondents (60 farmers of Karaiyamai Rural Municipality and 15 traders of Jeetpursimara Sub-Metropolitan City) were selected using simple random sampling techniques. Primary data was collected using pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire and secondary data were obtained from various articles and related documents. Descriptive statistics and indexing techniques were used for the analysis of data for which MS-Excel and SPSS-23 were used. Average cost of production was NRs. 996516.92/ha. The average productivity of fish in the study area was highest (7024.42 Kg/ha) than the national average productivity (4920 Kg/ha), and district average (5298 Kg/ha). Various production and marketing problems were faced by respondents as untimely availability of inputs, poor water supply units, and poor storage facilities. Despite these problems, the fish production was a profitable business (B: C ratio: 2.01) with high gross margin value. The marketing channel of input suppliers – producers – wholesalers – retailers – consumers was found effective. There was a low marketing margin and higher producer share on the retail price that indicates an efficient market system. Hereby, the study of value chain actors and construction of value chain map symbolizes; there are good prospects of fisheries business with commercialization and risky but profitable enterprise.

Productivity Measurement: A Study of Selected Pharmaceutical Companies in India

Purpose: This study aims to measure, analyze, and compare the productivity performance of selected pharmaceutical companies in India. Approach/Methodology/Design: This study is based on secondary data. In this study, seven pharmaceutical companies are selected as a sample based on paid-up capital of the year 2019-20. The seven companies are selected for their higher paid-up capital, and the study period is seven years from 2013-14 to 2019-20. In this study ratio analysis is used as an accounting tool in which four productivity ratios are employed. The one-way ANOVA technique of parametric test is used as a statistical tool to identify the difference among sample means. Findings: The major findings of the study indicate that in all the selected companies the performance of material productivity, labor productivity and overhead productivity show fluctuating trend. The overall productivity performance of all the companies is very close to each other during the study period of seven years. The result of the statistical tests revealed that in all productivity ratios drawn null hypotheses are not accepted. This means there is a significant difference in different productivity ratios among selected pharmaceutical companies during the study period. Practical Implications: In this study, productivity analysis is carried out which is helpful to measure the productivity performance. The results would help investors to make the right choice of investment in selected pharmaceutical companies. Given the present situation of COVID-19, productivity analysis will be helpful to identify the existing production capacity in concern with pharmaceutical products and services. Originality/value: The significant contribution of this study is to measure the various productivity performances of pharmaceutical companies. Further, the average productivity performance is compared among the seven selected pharmaceutical companies, which shows that average productivity performance is different among the selected companies.

The equal collective gains value in cooperative games

The property of equal collective gains means that each player should obtain the same benefit from the cooperation of the other players in the game. We show that this property jointly with efficiency characterize a new solution, called the equal collective gains value (ECG-value). We introduce a new class of games, the average productivity games, for which the ECG-value is an imputation. For a better understanding of the new value, we also provide four alternative characterizations of it, and a negotiation model that supports it in subgame perfect equilibrium.

Mengurangi keterbukaan hutan melalui teknik pemananenan kayu yang tepat di hutan alam

Kegiatan pemanenan kayu memberikan kontribusi yang sangat besar terhadap produksi kayu. Pohon produksi yang berada di dalam hutan tidak dapat dimanfaatkan jika tidak ditebang dan tidak dikeluarkan dari dalam hutan. Metode penelitian ini adalah membuat 6 plot contoh pengamatan (PCP) masing-masing 3 PCP untuk teknik perbaikan (TP) dan 3 PCP untuk teknik konvensional (TK) pada satu petak tebang, melakukan penebangan pohon dan penyaradan dengan TP dan TK, melakukan pengamatan dan pengukuran produktivitas pemanenan kayu dan luas areal hutan yang terbuka akibat penebangan dan penyaradan serta menganalisis pengaruh kedua teknik terhadap produktivitas areal hutan terbuka dengan uji t. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh dua teknik pemanenan kayu terhadap produktivitas dan areal hutan terbuka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : 1) Rata-rata produktivitas penebangan dengan TK dan TP masing-masing adalah 10,60 m3/jam dan 13,95 m3/jam 2) Rata-rata produktivitas penyaradan dengan TK dan TP masing-masing adalah 7,25 m3/jam dan 9,60 m3/jam; 3) Rata-rata areal hutan terbuka akibat penebangan dengan TK dan TP masing-masing adalah 15,67% dan 7,43% ; 4) Rata-rata areal hutan terbuka akibat penyaradan dengan TK dan TP masing-masing adalah 10,50% dan 6,68%. Menerapkan teknik perbaikan dapat mengurangi terjadinya keterbukaan hutan pada penebangan dan penyaradan masing-masing sebesar 8,24% dan 3,82%.ABSTRACTTimber harvesting provides a very large contribution to timber production. Tree production that is in the forest can't be used if they are not felling and removed from the forest. This research method is to make 6 sample observation plot (SOP) each 3 SOP for improving technique (IT) and 3 SOP for conventional technique (CT) on one logging compartment, do felling and skidding by IT and CT, make observations, and measuring the productivity of timber harvesting and the area of open forest due to felling and skidding and analyzing the effect of the two techniques on the productivity of the open forest area with t-test. The research objective was to determine the effect of two timber harvesting techniques on productivity and open forest areas. The results showed that the average productivity of felling by CT and IT was 10.60 m3/hour and 13.95 m3/hour respectively. The average productivity of skidding by CT and IT was 7.25 m3/hour and 9.60 m3/hour respectively. The average open forest area due to felling by CT and IT was 15.6% and 7.43% respectively. The average open forest area due to skidding by CT and IT was 10.50% and 6.68% respectively. Applying improve technique reduced the open forest area through felling and skidding by 8.24% and 3.82% respectively.

FOREST FUND OF RIVNE REGION: STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS

In the article, we investigated the current state of the forest fund of Rivne region, which is in the process of reform. We analyzed the dynamics of forest-covered lands from the 1996 to the present time. Forests of Rivne region by ecological and socio-economic significance and depending on the main functions performed by them are divided into the following categories: protective forests - 45085.4 ha, operational forests - 527010.3 ha, recreational and health forests - 63821,8 ha, forests of nature protection, scientific, historical and cultural purpose - 78253.9 ha. The study of the forest species in the Rivne region showed a predominance of coniferous species – 65 % (softwood – 25 %, hardwood – 10 %). The dominant species were found: pine – 65 %, birch hung – 14,8 %, alder black – 10 %, ordinary oak – 8.6%. The study of the age structure of the forests makes it possible to talk about its unevenness, since 12.5 % belong to ripe and overgrown forest stands, 23.4 % to young, 40.1 % to medieval. Average age of forest stands of the forest fund: coniferous – 54 years, hardwood – 71, softwood – 44. The study of the age structure showed the progressive aging of forests, an increase in the average age of over 10 years and an increase in the area of perennial plantings. Distribution of tree stands by age classes showed that the largest share of areas among all groups of rocks is occupied by trees of 5–7 classes of age, that is, medieval plantations. The youngest classes age 1–4 are most widely presented among softwood, 10–15 grades – among hardwood (about 20 %). That is, the smallest life spans are soft leafy breeds, and the longest are hard leafy breeds. In the study of the productivity of the tree plant, the following indicators, such as bonite, completeness, and stock of wood, have been studied, which made it possible to draw conclusions about the average productivity of the forests of the region. Woods of the Rivne region are marked by high classes of bonitet. The I and II bonitty classes make up more than 34 %. According to our estimates, the middle class of the forest stand bonite in the forest fund of the region is equal to I,72. The average completeness of plantations of the Rivne region is close to optimal and is 0.70. The most complete plantings are found: conifers, and the least – leafy. In the study of the productivity of the tree plant, the following indicators, such as bonite, completeness, and stock of wood, have been studied, which made it possible to draw conclusions about the average productivity of the forests of the region. The rocks of the forests are the closest to optimal. The main areas of forest ecologization in the Rivne region should be the multi-purpose use of forest resources and the continuity of forest use. Key words: forest, forest landscape, forest type, woodland, flood, forest fund, species composition, age structure, bonite class, completeness, forest use, reforestation.

Assessment of the Possibility of Biological Recultivation Tail Deposits in the Yenisei North

The assessment of the possibility of creating a plant-soil cover on an artificially created seal-gravel drainage layer with a rocky bed (h=110¸150 cm), on the disturbed areas of the adjacent areas of tailings storage facilities. Research for 2017–2019 shows that when sowing recult-vants with sowing standards of 150–200 kg/ha and doses of fertilizer N60P60K60 and N120P60K60 on an artificial substrate it is possible to form meadow formations with a density of grass 10–12000 pc/m2 and average productivity of 21–24 c/ha. A plant-soil-blooded blood with a turf layer of 8–10 cm is created with the simultaneous overlap of heavy metals of man-made substrates and elimination of pulp sands dusting, which contributes to the improvement of the microclimate of the environment.