scholarly journals Assessing the Role of Ghrelin and the Enzyme Ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT) System in Food Reward, Food Motivation, and Binge Eating Behavior

2021 ◽  
pp. 105847
Author(s):  
Emanuela Micioni Di Bonaventura ◽  
Luca Botticelli ◽  
Fabio Del Bello ◽  
Gianfabio Giorgioni ◽  
Alessandro Piergentili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binge Eating ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Food Reward ◽  
Food Motivation

scholarly journals The Melanocortin System behind the Dysfunctional Eating Behaviors

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3502
Author(s):  
Emanuela Micioni Di Bonaventura ◽  
Luca Botticelli ◽  
Daniele Tomassoni ◽  
Seyed Khosrow Tayebati ◽  
Maria Vittoria Micioni Di Bonaventura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binge Eating ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Food Reward ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Melanocortin System ◽  
Melanocortin 4 Receptor ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

The dysfunction of melanocortin signaling has been associated with obesity, given the important role in the regulation of energy homeostasis, food intake, satiety and body weight. In the hypothalamus, the melanocortin-3 receptor (MC3R) and melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) contribute to the stability of these processes, but MC3R and MC4R are also localized in the mesolimbic dopamine system, the region that responds to the reinforcing properties of highly palatable food (HPF) and where these two receptors seem to affect food reward and motivation. Loss of function of the MC4R, resulting from genetic mutations, leads to overeating in humans, but to date, a clear understanding of the underlying mechanisms and behaviors that promote overconsumption of caloric foods remains unknown. Moreover, the MC4R demonstrated to be a crucial modulator of the stress response, factor that is known to be strictly related to binge eating behavior. In this review, we will explore the preclinical and clinical studies, and the controversies regarding the involvement of melanocortin system in altered eating patterns, especially binge eating behavior, food reward and motivation.

Examining the role of distress tolerance and negative urgency in binge eating behavior among women

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nichole R. Kelly ◽  
Elizabeth W. Cotter ◽  
Suzanne E. Mazzeo
Keyword(s):  
Binge Eating ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Distress Tolerance ◽  
Negative Urgency

scholarly journals Eating behaviors and weight loss outcomes in a 12-month randomized trial of diet and/or exercise intervention in postmenopausal women

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin Mason ◽  
Jean de Dieu Tapsoba ◽  
Catherine Duggan ◽  
Ching-Yun Wang ◽  
Catherine M. Alfano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Restrained Eating ◽  
Dietary Weight Loss ◽  
Uncontrolled Eating

Abstract Background Certain eating behaviors are common among women with obesity. Whether these behaviors influence outcomes in weight loss programs, and whether such programs affect eating behaviors, is unclear. Methods Our aim was to examine the effect of baseline eating behaviors on intervention adherence and weight among postmenopausal women with overweight or obesity, and to assess intervention effects on eating behaviors. Four hundred and 39 women (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) were randomized to 12 months of: i) dietary weight loss with a 10% weight loss goal (‘diet’; n = 118); ii) moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise for 225 mins/week (‘exercise’; n = 117); iii) combined dietary weight loss and exercise (‘diet + exercise’; n = 117); or iv) no-lifestyle change control (n = 87). At baseline and 12 months, restrained eating, uncontrolled eating, emotional eating and binge eating were measured by questionnaire; weight and body composition were assessed. The mean change in eating behavior scores and weight between baseline and 12 months in the diet, exercise, and diet + exercise arms were each compared to controls using the generalized estimating equation (GEE) modification of linear regression adjusted for age, baseline BMI, and race/ethnicity. Results Baseline restrained eating was positively associated with change in total calories and calories from fat during the dietary intervention but not with other measures of adherence. Higher baseline restrained eating was associated with greater 12-month reductions in weight, waist circumference, body fat and lean mass. Women randomized to dietary intervention had significant reductions in binge eating (− 23.7%, p = 0.005 vs. control), uncontrolled eating (− 24.3%, p < 0.001 vs. control), and emotional eating (− 31.7%, p < 0.001 vs. control) scores, and a significant increase in restrained eating (+ 60.6%, p < 0.001 vs. control); women randomized to diet + exercise reported less uncontrolled eating (− 26.0%, p < 0.001 vs. control) and emotional eating (− 22.0%, p = 0.004 vs. control), and increased restrained eating (+ 41.4%, p < 0.001 vs. control). Women randomized to exercise alone had no significant change in eating behavior scores compared to controls. Conclusions A dietary weight loss intervention helped women modify eating behaviors. Future research should investigate optimal behavioral weight loss interventions for women with both disordered eating and obesity. Trial registration NCT00470119 (https://clinicaltrials.gov). Retrospectively registered May 7, 2007.

scholarly journals Binge Eating Behavior in Patients with Eating Disorders

1994 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet L. Guss ◽  
Harry R. Kissilejf ◽  
B. Timothy Walsh ◽  
Michael J. Devlin
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Eating Behavior

The 196G/A (val66met) polymorphism of the BDNF gene is significantly associated with binge eating behavior in women with bulimia nervosa or binge eating disorder

2006 ◽  
Vol 406 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 133-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palmiero Monteleone ◽  
Roberta Zanardini ◽  
Alfonso Tortorella ◽  
Massimo Gennarelli ◽  
Eloisa Castaldo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Binge Eating Disorder ◽  
Bdnf Gene ◽  
Val66met Polymorphism

scholarly journals The effect of within-meal protein content and taste on subsequent food choice and satiety

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 779-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanne Griffioen-Roose ◽  
Monica Mars ◽  
Graham Finlayson ◽  
John E. Blundell ◽  
Cees de Graaf
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Food Choice ◽  
Food Preference ◽  
Food Reward ◽  
Meal Protein ◽  
Sensory Qualities ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Underlying Processes ◽  
Insight Into

It is posed that protein intake is tightly regulated by the human body. The role of sensory qualities in the satiating effects of protein, however, requires further clarification. Our objective was to determine the effect of within-meal protein content and taste on subsequent food choice and satiety. We used a cross-over design whereby sixty healthy, unrestrained subjects (twenty-three males and thirty-seven females) with a mean age of 20·8 (sd 2·1) years and a mean BMI of 21·5 (sd 1·6) kg/m2 were offered one of four isoenergetic preloads (rice meal) for lunch: two low in protein (about 7 % energy derived from protein) and two high in protein (about 25 % energy from protein). Both had a sweet and savoury version. At 30 min after preload consumption, subjects were offered an ad libitum buffet, consisting of food products differing in protein content (low/high) and taste (sweet/savoury). In addition, the computerised Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire (LFPQ) was run to assess several components of food reward. The results showed no effect of protein content of the preloads on subsequent food choice. There was an effect of taste; after eating the savoury preloads, choice and intake of sweet products were higher than of savoury products. No such preference was seen after the sweet preloads. No differences in satiety were observed. To conclude, within one eating episode, within-meal protein content in these quantities seems not to have an effect on subsequent food choice. This appears to be mostly determined by taste, whereby savoury taste exerts the strongest modulating effect. The results of the LFPQ provided insight into underlying processes.

The Role of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury and Binge-Eating/Purging Behaviours in Family Functioning in Eating Disorders

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 413-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lies Depestele ◽  
Laurence Claes ◽  
Eva Dierckx ◽  
Imke Baetens ◽  
Katrien Schoevaerts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Family Functioning ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Self Injury
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