Effect of acute dietary- versus combined dietary and exercise-induced energy deficits on subsequent energy intake, appetite and food reward in adolescents with obesity

2021 ◽  
pp. 113650
Author(s):  
Léna Pélissier ◽  
Valérie Julian ◽  
Kristine Beaulieu ◽  
Julie Siroux ◽  
Audrey Boscaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Food Reward ◽  
Exercise Induced

scholarly journals Post-moderate-intensity exercise energy replacement does not reduce subsequent appetite and energy intake in adolescents with obesity

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (5) ◽  
pp. 592-600
Author(s):  
D. Thivel ◽  
J. Roche ◽  
M. Miguet ◽  
A. Fillon ◽  
M. Khammassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Food Reward ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Energy Replacement

AbstractExercise modifies energy intake (EI) in adolescents with obesity, but whether this is mediated by the exercise-induced energy deficit remains unknown. The present study examined the effect of exercise with and without dietary replacement of the exercise energy expenditure on appetite, EI and food reward in adolescents with obesity. Fourteen 12–15-year-old adolescents with obesity (eight girls; Tanner 3–4; BMI 34·8 (sd 5·7) kg/m2; BMI z score 2·3 (sd 0·4)) randomly completed three experimental conditions: (i) rest control (CON); (ii) 30-min cycling (EX) and (iii) 30-min cycling with dietary energy replacement (EX + R). Ad libitum EI was assessed at lunch and dinner, and food reward (Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire) before and after lunch. Appetite was assessed at regular intervals. Lunch, evening and total EI (excluding the post-exercise snack in EX − R) were similar across conditions. Lunch and total EI including the post-exercise snack in EX + R were higher in EX − R than CON and EX; EX and CON were similar. Total relative EI was lower in EX (6284 (sd 2042) kJ) compared with CON (7167 (sd 2218) kJ; P < 0·05) and higher in EX + R (7736 (sd 2033) kJ) compared with CON (P < 0·001). Appetite and satiety quotients did not differ across conditions (P ≥ 0·10). Pre-meal explicit liking for fat was lower in EX compared with CON and EX + R (P = 0·05). There was time by condition interaction between EX and CON for explicit wanting and liking for fat (P = 0·01). Despite similar appetite and EI, adolescents with obesity do not adapt their post-exercise food intake to account for immediate dietary replacement of the exercise-induced energy deficit, favouring a short-term positive energy balance.

scholarly journals What processes are involved in the appetite response to moderate increases in exercise-induced energy expenditure?

1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil A. King
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Weak Coupling ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Tight Coupling ◽  
Living Situation ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Response To Exercise

It is intuitive that an energy deficit induced by exercise induces an automatic increased drive for food (hunger and energy intake). However, the absence of a compensatory increase in energy intake (EI) in response to an exercise-induced increase in energy expenditure (EE) is now well documented. Thus, there is a weak coupling between exercise-induced increases in EE and EI. One paradox related to the phenomenon of a weak coupling between the exercise-induced EE and EI is the observation of a positive relationship between physical activity and food intake in the long-term free-living situation (i.e. tight coupling between EE and EI). It is possible, therefore, that a period of transition (uncoupling) occurs in the short-term, before a steady-state (coupling) condition is achieved. It is likely that a combination of physiological and behavioural adaptations occur in order to achieve a tight coupling between EE and EI. The precise physiological and behavioural changes that take place to obtain a new equilibrium (i.e. coupling between EE and EI) are still undetermined. The expectation that exercise-induced increases in EE should drive up hunger and food intake tends to be based on the concept of a strong coupling between physiology and behaviour. However, because of the individual's strong volitional control over eating behaviour, the psychological influences on the appetite response to exercise should not be undervalued. The psychological position of the individual (e.g. dietary restraint, food-related cognitions, reasons for exercising) could have a very strong influence on the food intake response to exercise. Misjudgements concerning the energy value of the food (EI) relative to the energy value of the exercise (EE) could be one possibility why exercise fails to be a successful method of weight loss for some individuals.

scholarly journals Effect of exercise-meal timing on energy intake, appetite and food reward in adolescents with obesity: The TIMEX study

Appetite ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
pp. 104506 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fillon ◽  
M.E. Mathieu ◽  
J. Masurier ◽  
J. Roche ◽  
M. Miguet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Food Reward ◽  
Meal Timing

scholarly journals Acute Effects of Energy Deficit Induced by Moderate-Intensity Exercise or Energy-Intake Restriction on Postprandial Lipemia in Healthy Girls

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Emily Thackray ◽  
Laura Ann Barrett ◽  
Keith Tolfrey
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Postprandial Lipemia ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Fasting Plasma ◽  
Exercise Effect ◽  
Exercise Induced

Eleven healthy girls (mean ± SD: age 12.1 ± 0.6 years) completed three 2-day conditions in a counterbalanced, crossover design. On day 1, participants either walked at 60 (2)% peak oxygen uptake (energy deficit 1.55[0.20] MJ), restricted food energy intake (energy deficit 1.51[0.25] MJ) or rested. On day 2, capillary blood samples were taken at predetermined intervals throughout the 6.5 hr postprandial period before, and following, the ingestion of standardized breakfast and lunch meals. Fasting plasma triacylglycerol concentrations (TAG) was 29% and 13% lower than rest control in moderate-intensity exercise (effect size [ES] = 1.39, p = .01) and energy-intake restriction (ES = 0.57, p = .02) respectively; moderate-intensity exercise was 19% lower than energy-intake restriction (ES = 0.82, p = .06). The moderate-intensity exercise total area under the TAG versus time curve was 21% and 13% lower than rest control (ES = 0.71, p = .004) and energy-intake restriction (ES = 0.39, p = .06) respectively; energy-intake restriction was marginally lower than rest control (-10%; ES = 0.32, p = .12). An exercise-induced energy deficit elicited a greater reduction in fasting plasma TAG with a trend for a larger attenuation in postprandial plasma TAG than an isoenergetic diet-induced energy deficit in healthy girls.

scholarly journals Fasting Leptin Is a Metabolic Determinant of Food Reward in Overweight and Obese Individuals during Chronic Aerobic Exercise Training

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Hopkins ◽  
Catherine Gibbons ◽  
Phillipa Caudwell ◽  
Dominic-Luc Webb ◽  
Per M. Hellström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Food Reward ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Exercise Induced

Changes in food reward have been implicated in exercise-induced compensatory eating behaviour. However, the underlying mechanisms of food reward, and the physiological correlates of exercise-induced changes in food reward, are unknown.Methods.Forty-six overweight and obese individuals completed 12 weeks of aerobic exercise. Body composition, food intake, and fasting metabolic-related hormones were measured at baseline, week six, and postintervention. On separate days, the reward value of high-and-low-fat food (explicit liking and implicit wanting) was also assessed at baseline, week six, and postintervention.Results.Following the intervention, FM, FFM, andVO2peakimproved significantly, while fasting leptin decreased. However, food intake or reward did not change significantly. Cross-sectional analyses indicated that FM (P=0.022) and FFM (P=0.046) were associated with explicit liking for high-fat food, but implicit wanting was associated with FM only (P=0.005). Fasting leptin was associated with liking (P=0.023) and wanting (P=0.021) for high-fat food. Furthermore, a greater exercise-induced decline in fasting leptin was associated with increased liking (P=0.018).Conclusion.These data indicate that food reward has a number of physiological correlates. In particular, fasting leptin appears to play an active role in mediating food reward during exercise-induced weight loss.

scholarly journals EAH pregnancy preprint

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah Lipsky ◽  
Kyle Stanley Burger ◽  
Myles Faith ◽  
Anna Maria Siega-Riz ◽  
Aiyi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Food Reward ◽  
Food Addiction ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Reward Sensitivity ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Yale Food Addiction Scale ◽  
Power Of Food Scale

Background: Eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) measures intake of highly palatable, highly processed foods when sated, and may reflect food reward sensitivity. However, it is unknown whether EAH occurs in the presence of low-processed, nutrient-dense foods, and the relationship of self-reported food reward sensitivity with EAH during pregnancy has not been examined.Objective: This study tested whether EAH differs for highly-processed (HP) versus low-processed (LP) foods in pregnant women and examined relationships of EAH with self-reported food reward sensitivity and impulsivity.Design: Women in their 2nd trimester (n=46) enrolled in a counterbalanced crossover study in which they completed two EAH conditions following a standardized meal. Participants completed the Power of Food Scale (PFS), the modified Yale Food Addiction Scale (m-YFAS), and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS). EAH energy intake (EAH-kcal) and proportion consumed (EAH-%) was measured overall and separately for sweet and savory test foods. Results: EAH-% was similar across conditions (16.3% ± 1.1% HP versus 17.9% ± 1.2% LP, P = 0.74), resulting in 347.7 ± 49.0 kcal greater energy intake in the HP versus LP condition (P &lt; 0.001). PFS was not significantly associated with EAH; m-YFAS was positively associated with EAH-kcal and EAH-% of savory foods, and BIS was positively associated with EAH-kcal and EAH-% overall, and with EAH-% of sweet foods (p &lt; 0.05). There was little evidence of an interaction of BIS with PFS or m-YFAS.Conclusions: Findings demonstrate that EAH in pregnant women correlates with self-reported food reward sensitivity and occurs for both highly processed and low-processed foods. Self-control did not modify the positive association of food reward sensitivity with eating beyond satiation in this sample.

scholarly journals The adaptive metabolic response to exercise-induced weight loss influences both energy expenditure and energy intake

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 581-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Hopkins ◽  
C Gibbons ◽  
P Caudwell ◽  
P M Hellström ◽  
E Näslund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Response To Exercise

scholarly journals Measurement, Determinants, and Implications of Energy Intake in Athletes

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan Holtzman ◽  
Kathryn Ackerman
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Chronic Exercise ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance

Appropriate energy intake is important for the health and performance of athletes. When an athlete’s energy intake is not concordant with energy expenditure, short- and long-term performance can be compromised and negative health effects may arise. The energy intake patterns of athletes are subject to numerous effectors, including exercise response, time, and availability of food. To assess different determinants of energy intake in athletes, we reviewed recent literature regarding the response of appetite-regulating hormones to exercise, appetite perceptions following exercise, chronic exercise-induced adaptations regarding appetite, and social factors regarding energy intake. Additionally, we discussed consequences of aberrant energy intake. The purpose of this review is to clarify understanding about energy intake in athletes and provide insights into methods toward maintaining proper energy intake.

Gender effect on exercise-induced energy intake modification among obese adolescents

Appetite ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 658-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Thivel ◽  
Laurie Isacco ◽  
Michel Taillardat ◽  
Sylvie Rousset ◽  
Yves Boirie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Gender Effect ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
Exercise Induced

scholarly journals Influence of netball-based exercise on energy intake, subjective appetite and plasma acylated ghrelin in adolescent girls

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 854-861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penny L.S. Rumbold ◽  
Alan St Clair Gibson ◽  
Emma J. Stevenson ◽  
James A. King ◽  
David J. Stensel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Acylated Ghrelin ◽  
Sedentary Activity ◽  
Exercise Induced

This study explored 5-day regulation of exercise-induced energy expenditure, energy intake, and hormonal appetite, via acylated ghrelin, after acute exercise. Using a randomized crossover design, 10 female adolescents (13–15 years old) completed two 7-day treatment weeks (2 days of maintenance, 1 day of treatment, and a 4-day follow-up), interspersed with a 1-week period. On day 3, 47 min of netball-based exercise or sedentary activity was imposed with a test meal 1 h later. Measures of energy expenditure, subjective appetite, test meal energy intake, plasma acylated ghrelin, insulin, and glucose were taken during this period. Energy intake compensation for the exercise period was calculated. Four-day follow-up measures were daily subjective appetite, energy intake, energy expenditure, and energy balance. Girls felt more full 20 min during the netball-based exercise bout compared with sedentary activity (87 ± 15 mm vs. 75 ± 24 mm). An energy intake compensation of 27% was identified for the netball-based exercise. Compared with immediately before exercise or sedentary activity, plasma acylated ghrelin was elevated 45 min after netball (103.8 ± 56.9 pg·mL−1 vs. 85.7 ± 26.9 pg·mL−1; n = 7) and sedentary activity (98.2 ± 27.1 pg·mL−1 vs. 60.8 ± 33.5 pg·mL−1; n = 7) but not different between treatments. Adolescent girls (13–15 years old) only partially compensated for the netball-based exercise-induced energy expenditure. The effect of exercise on appetite needs to be further explored in adolescents, whereby nutritional behaviour is tracked for more than 1 week to investigate full compensation for acute exercise.

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