Anaesthetic diethyl ether impairs long-distance electrical and jasmonate signalling in Arabidopsis thaliana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Jakšová ◽  
Marek Rác ◽  
Boris Bokor ◽  
Ivan Petřík ◽  
Ondřej Novák ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Diethyl Ether ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Jasmonate Signalling

scholarly journals The Determinant of Potyvirus Ability to Overcome the RTM Resistance of Arabidopsis thaliana Maps to the N-Terminal Region of the Coat Protein

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1302-1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Decroocq ◽  
B. Salvador ◽  
O. Sicard ◽  
M. Glasa ◽  
P. Cosson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Coat Protein ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Terminal Region ◽  
Plum Pox Virus ◽  
Lettuce Mosaic Virus ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Resistance Breaking ◽  
Viral Determinant ◽  
Long Distance Movement

In Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia (Col-0) plants, the restriction of Tobacco etch virus (TEV) long-distance movement involves at least three dominant RTM (restricted TEV movement) genes named RTM1, RTM2, and RTM3. Previous work has established that, while the RTM-mediated resistance is also effective against other potyviruses, such as Plum pox virus (PPV) and Lettuce mosaic virus (LMV), some isolates of these viruses are able to overcome the RTM mechanism. In order to identify the viral determinant of this RTM-resistance breaking, the biological properties of recombinants between PPV-R, which systemically infects Col-0, and PPV-PSes, restricted by the RTM resistance, were evaluated. Recombinants that contain the PPV-R coat protein (CP) sequence in an RTM-restricted background are able to systemically infect Col-0. The use of recombinants carrying chimeric CP genes indicated that one or more PPV resistance-breaking determinants map to the 5′ half of the CP gene. In the case of LMV, sequencing of independent RTM-breaking variants recovered after serial passages of the LMV AF199 isolate on Col-0 plants revealed, in each case, amino acid changes in the CP N-terminal region, close to the DAG motif. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that the potyvirus CP N-terminal region determines the outcome of the interaction with the RTM-mediated resistance.

scholarly journals QTL and candidate genes associated with leaf anion concentrations in response to phosphate supply in Arabidopsis thaliana

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed El-Soda ◽  
Charles Neris Moreira ◽  
Nakai Goredema-Matongera ◽  
Diaan Jamar ◽  
Maarten Koornneef ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Sulphate Concentration ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Pi Starvation ◽  
Phosphatase 2A

Abstract Background Phosphorus is often present naturally in the soil as inorganic phosphate, Pi, which bio-availability is limited in many ecosystems due to low soil solubility and mobility. Plants respond to low Pi with a Pi Starvation Response, involving Pi sensing and long-distance signalling. There is extensive cross-talk between Pi homeostasis mechanisms and the homeostasis mechanism for other anions in response to Pi availability. Results Recombinant Inbred Line (RIL) and Genome Wide Association (GWA) mapping populations, derived from or composed of natural accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana, were grown under sufficient and deficient Pi supply. Significant treatment effects were found for all traits and significant genotype x treatment interactions for the leaf Pi and sulphate concentrations. Using the RIL/QTL population, we identified 24 QTLs for leaf concentrations of Pi and other anions, including a major QTL for leaf sulphate concentration (SUL2) mapped to the bottom of chromosome (Chr) 1. GWA mapping found 188 SNPs to be associated with the measured traits, corresponding to 152 genes. One of these SNPs, associated with leaf Pi concentration, mapped to PP2A-1, a gene encoding an isoform of the catalytic subunit of a protein phosphatase 2A. Of two additional SNPs, associated with phosphate use efficiency (PUE), one mapped to AT5G49780, encoding a leucine-rich repeat protein kinase involved in signal transduction, and the other to SIZ1, a gene encoding a SUMO E3 ligase, and a known regulator of P starvation-dependent responses. One SNP associated with leaf sulphate concentration was found in SULTR2;1, encoding a sulphate transporter, known to enhance sulphate translocation from root to shoot under P deficiency. Finally, one SNP was mapped to FMO GS-OX4, a gene encoding glucosinolate S-oxygenase involved in glucosinolate biosynthesis, which located within the confidence interval of the SUL2 locus. Conclusion We identified several candidate genes with known functions related to anion homeostasis in response to Pi availability. Further molecular studies are needed to confirm and validate these candidate genes and understand their roles in examined traits. Such knowledge will contribute to future breeding for improved crop PUE .

scholarly journals Nuclear Dynamics in Arabidopsis thaliana

2000 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2733-2741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Chytilova ◽  
Jiri Macas ◽  
Elwira Sliwinska ◽  
Susanne M. Rafelski ◽  
Georgina M. Lambert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Chimeric Protein ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
General Applicability ◽  
Living Plant

The nucleus is a definitive feature of eukaryotic cells, comprising twin bilamellar membranes, the inner and outer nuclear membranes, which separate the nucleoplasmic and cytoplasmic compartments. Nuclear pores, complex macromolecular assemblies that connect the two membranes, mediate communication between these compartments. To explore the morphology, topology, and dynamics of nuclei within living plant cells, we have developed a novel method of confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy under time-lapse conditions. This is used for the examination of the transgenic expression in Arabidopsis thaliana of a chimeric protein, comprising the GFP (Green-Fluorescent Protein of Aequorea victoria) translationally fused to an effective nuclear localization signal (NLS) and to β-glucuronidase (GUS) from E. coli. This large protein is targeted to the nucleus and accumulates exclusively within the nucleoplasm.  This article provides online access to movies that illustrate the remarkable and unusual properties displayed by the nuclei, including polymorphic shape changes and rapid, long-distance, intracellular movement. Movement is mediated by actin but not by tubulin; it therefore appears distinct from mechanisms of nuclear positioning and migration that have been reported for eukaryotes. The GFP-based assay is simple and of general applicability. It will be interesting to establish whether the novel type of dynamic behavior reported here, for higher plants, is observed in other eukaryotic organisms.

scholarly journals The Arabidopsis thaliana lectin receptor kinase LecRK-I.9 is required for full resistance to Pseudomonas syringae and affects jasmonate signalling

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 937-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudine Balagué ◽  
Anne Gouget ◽  
Olivier Bouchez ◽  
Camille Souriac ◽  
Nathalie Haget ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Receptor Kinase ◽  
Lectin Receptor ◽  
Jasmonate Signalling

Adaptation of a seedling micro-grafting technique to the study of long-distance signaling in flowering of Arabidopsis thaliana

2009 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michitaka Notaguchi ◽  
Yasufumi Daimon ◽  
Mitsutomo Abe ◽  
Takashi Araki
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Grafting Technique

scholarly journals The genomic landscape of meiotic crossovers and gene conversions in Arabidopsis thaliana

eLife ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Wijnker ◽  
Geo Velikkakam James ◽  
Jia Ding ◽  
Frank Becker ◽  
Jonas R Klasen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Gene Promoters ◽  
Sequence Motifs ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Genomic Landscape ◽  
Significant Enrichment ◽  
Copy Number Changes ◽  
Gene Conversions

Knowledge of the exact distribution of meiotic crossovers (COs) and gene conversions (GCs) is essential for understanding many aspects of population genetics and evolution, from haplotype structure and long-distance genetic linkage to the generation of new allelic variants of genes. To this end, we resequenced the four products of 13 meiotic tetrads along with 10 doubled haploids derived from Arabidopsis thaliana hybrids. GC detection through short reads has previously been confounded by genomic rearrangements. Rigid filtering for misaligned reads allowed GC identification at high accuracy and revealed an ∼80-kb transposition, which undergoes copy-number changes mediated by meiotic recombination. Non-crossover associated GCs were extremely rare most likely due to their short average length of ∼25–50 bp, which is significantly shorter than the length of CO-associated GCs. Overall, recombination preferentially targeted non-methylated nucleosome-free regions at gene promoters, which showed significant enrichment of two sequence motifs.

scholarly journals Coselected genes determine adaptive variation in herbivore resistance throughout the native range of Arabidopsis thaliana

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (13) ◽  
pp. 4032-4037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Brachi ◽  
Christopher G. Meyer ◽  
Romain Villoutreix ◽  
Alexander Platt ◽  
Timothy C. Morton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Mustard Oil ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Herbivore Resistance ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Glucosinolate Profile

The “mustard oil bomb” is a major defense mechanism in the Brassicaceae, which includes crops such as canola and the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. These plants produce and store blends of amino acid-derived secondary metabolites called glucosinolates. Upon tissue rupture by natural enemies, the myrosinase enzyme hydrolyses glucosinolates, releasing defense molecules. Brassicaceae display extensive variation in the mixture of glucosinolates that they produce. To investigate the genetics underlying natural variation in glucosinolate profiles, we conducted a large genome-wide association study of 22 methionine-derived glucosinolates using A. thaliana accessions from across Europe. We found that 36% of among accession variation in overall glucosinolate profile was explained by genetic differentiation at only three known loci from the glucosinolate pathway. Glucosinolate-related SNPs were up to 490-fold enriched in the extreme tail of the genome-wide FST scan, indicating strong selection on loci controlling this pathway. Glucosinolate profiles displayed a striking longitudinal gradient with alkenyl and hydroxyalkenyl glucosinolates enriched in the West. We detected a significant contribution of glucosinolate loci toward general herbivore resistance and lifetime fitness in common garden experiments conducted in France, where accessions are enriched in hydroxyalkenyls. In addition to demonstrating the adaptive value of glucosinolate profile variation, we also detected long-distance linkage disequilibrium at two underlying loci, GS-OH and GS-ELONG. Locally cooccurring alleles at these loci display epistatic effects on herbivore resistance and fitness in ecologically realistic conditions. Together, our results suggest that natural selection has favored a locally adaptive configuration of physically unlinked loci in Western Europe.

scholarly journals Granger-Causal Testing for Irregularly Sampled Time Series with Application to Nitrogen Signaling in Arabidopsis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachin Heerah ◽  
Roberto Molinari ◽  
Stéphane Guerrier ◽  
Amy Marshall-Colon
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Causal Relationships ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Causal Genes

AbstractMotivationIdentification of system-wide causal relationships can contribute to our understanding of long-distance, intercellular signaling in biological organisms. Dynamic transcriptome analysis holds great potential to uncover coordinated biological processes between organs. However, many existing dynamic transcriptome studies are characterized by sparse and often unevenly spaced time points that make the identification of causal relationships across organs analytically challenging. Application of existing statistical models, designed for regular time series with abundant time points, to sparse data may fail to reveal biologically significant, causal relationships. With increasing research interest in biological time series data, there is a need for new statistical methods that are able to determine causality within and between time series data sets. Here, a statistical framework was developed to identify (Granger) causal gene-gene relationships of unevenly spaced, multivariate time series data from two different tissues of Arabidopsis thaliana in response to a nitrogen signal.ResultsThis work delivers a statistical approach for modelling irregularly sampled bivariate signals which embeds functions from the domain of engineering that allow to adapt the model’s dependence structure to the specific sampling time. Using Maximum-Likelihood to estimate the parameters of this model for each bivariate time series, it is then possible to use bootstrap procedures for small samples (or asymptotics for large samples) in order to test for Granger-Causality. When applied to the Arabidopsis thaliana data, the proposed approach produced 3,078 significant interactions, in which 2,012 interactions have root causal genes and 1,066 interactions have shoot causal genes. Many of the predicted causal and target genes are known players in local and long-distance nitrogen signaling, including genes encoding transcription factors, hormones, and signaling peptides. Of the 1,007 total causal genes (either organ), 384 are either known or predicted mobile transcripts, suggesting that the identified causal genes may be directly involved in long-distance nitrogen signaling through intercellular interactions. The model predictions and subsequent network analysis identified nitrogen-responsive genes that can be further tested for their specific roles in long-distance nitrogen signaling.AvailabilityThe method was developed with the R statistical software and is made available thorugh the R package “irg” hosted on the GitHub repository https://github.com/SMAC-Group/irg. A sample data set is made available as an example to apply the method and the complete Arabidopsis thaliana data can be found at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/[email protected]

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