The impact of different hydrographic conditions and zooplankton communities on provisioning Little Auks along the West coast of Spitsbergen

2010 ◽  
Vol 87 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 72-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slawomir Kwasniewski ◽  
Marta Gluchowska ◽  
Dariusz Jakubas ◽  
Katarzyna Wojczulanis-Jakubas ◽  
Wojciech Walkusz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
The West ◽  
Hydrographic Conditions ◽  
Zooplankton Communities ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals ENSO and Wintertime Extreme Precipitation Events over the Contiguous United States

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siegfried D. Schubert ◽  
Yehui Chang ◽  
Max J. Suarez ◽  
Philip J. Pegion
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Daily Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Variability ◽  
The West ◽  
Extreme Precipitation Events ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Precipitation Events

Abstract In this study the authors examine the impact of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on precipitation events over the continental United States using 49 winters (1949/50–1997/98) of daily precipitation observations and NCEP–NCAR reanalyses. The results are compared with those from an ensemble of nine atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) simulations forced with observed SST for the same time period. Empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) of the daily precipitation fields together with compositing techniques are used to identify and characterize the weather systems that dominate the winter precipitation variability. The time series of the principal components (PCs) associated with the leading EOFs are analyzed using generalized extreme value (GEV) distributions to quantify the impact of ENSO on the intensity of extreme precipitation events. The six leading EOFs of the observations are associated with major winter storm systems and account for more than 50% of the daily precipitation variability along the West Coast and over much of the eastern part of the country. Two of the leading EOFs (designated GC for Gulf Coast and EC for East Coast) together represent cyclones that develop in the Gulf of Mexico and occasionally move and/or redevelop along the East Coast producing large amounts of precipitation over much of the southern and eastern United States. Three of the leading EOFs represent storms that hit different sections of the West Coast (designated SW for Southwest coast, WC for the central West Coast, and NW for northwest coast), while another represents storms that affect the Midwest (designated by MW). The winter maxima of several of the leading PCs are significantly impacted by ENSO such that extreme GC, EC, and SW storms that occur on average only once every 20 years (20-yr storms) would occur on average in half that time under sustained El Niño conditions. In contrast, under La Niña conditions, 20-yr GC and EC storms would occur on average about once in 30 years, while there is little impact of La Niña on the intensity of the SW storms. The leading EOFs from the model simulations and their connections to ENSO are for the most part quite realistic. The model, in particular, does very well in simulating the impact of ENSO on the intensity of EC and GC storms. The main model discrepancies are the lack of SW storms and an overall underestimate of the daily precipitation variance.

Influence of Hydrographic Conditions on the Distribution of Spiny Lobster Larvae off the West Coast of Baja California

2015 ◽  
Vol 144 (6) ◽  
pp. 1192-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Funes-Rodríguez ◽  
José A. Ruíz-Chavarría ◽  
Rogelio González-Armas ◽  
Reginaldo Durazo ◽  
Sergio A. Guzmán-del Proó
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
Baja California ◽  
Spiny Lobster ◽  
The West ◽  
Hydrographic Conditions

scholarly journals COVID-19 Personal Protection Equipment (PPE): A Potential Source of Microplastic Pollution in the State of Qatar

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subramanian Veerasingam ◽  
Jassim A Al-Khayat ◽  
Ponnumony Vethamony
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Personal Protection ◽  
The West ◽  
Home Office ◽  
Personal Protection Equipment ◽  
Marine Litter ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The Impact

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic. The personal protection equipment (PPE), especially medical face masks and N95 filtering face piece respirators (FFRs) are typically worn by people at home/office/working place/outside to protect from infection. Thus, the increase in consumption of facemasks and FFRs across Qatar has given rise to a new environmental challenge, adding to the vast plastic waste in the environment. Our team has already established the baseline levels of marine litter (ML) including plastic waste along the west coast of Qatar based on November 2019 ML survey (Veerasingam et al., 2020a). To study the impact of COVID-19 on ML, we have conducted another survey along the west coast of Qatar in July 2020. The distribution of PPE is higher on the southern part of west coast of Qatar than the northern part. Attenuated total reflectance - Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy was used to characterize the polymer types of surgical facemasks, N95 FFRs and gloves. Polypropylene (PP) and polyamide (PA) were the abundant polymer types of PPEs. This study confirmed that the PPE could be a potential source for microplastic contaminant in the environment, especially if the present situation continues. Therefore, proper waste removal measures have to be followed.

Water quality simulation of sewage impacts on the west coast of Mumbai, India

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Vijay ◽  
P. J. Khobragade ◽  
R. A. Sohony
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Current Data ◽  
The West ◽  
Water Quality Simulation ◽  
Hydrodynamic Behaviour ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
The Impact

Most coastal cities use the ocean as a site of waste disposal where pollutant loading degrades the quality of coastal waters. Presently, the west coast of Mumbai receives partially treated effluent from wastewater treatment facilities through ocean outfalls and discharges into creeks as well as wastewater/sewage from various open drains and nallahs which affect the water quality of creek and coastal water. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to simulate and assess the hydrodynamic behaviour and water quality due to impact of sewage and wastewater discharges from the west coast of Mumbai. Hydrodynamics and water quality were simulated based on present conditions and validated by using measured tide, current data and observed DO, BOD and FC. Observed and simulated results indicated non compliance to standards in Malad, Mahim creeks and the impact zones of ocean outfalls. The developed model could be used for generating various conditions of hydrodynamics and water quality considering the improvement in wastewater collection systems, treatment levels and proper disposal for proper planning and management of creeks and coastal environment.

scholarly journals Historical Evolution of the Wave Resource and Energy Production off the Chilean Coast over the 20th Century

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Ulazia ◽  
Markel Penalba ◽  
Arkaitz Rabanal ◽  
Gabriel Ibarra-Berastegi ◽  
John Ringwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
The West ◽  
Chilean Coast ◽  
Resource Variability ◽  
The Impact

The wave energy resource in the Chilean coast shows particularly profitable characteristics for wave energy production, with relatively high mean wave power and low inter-annual resource variability. This combination is as interesting as unusual, since high energetic locations are usually also highly variable, such as the west coast of Ireland. Long-term wave resource variations are also an important aspect when designing wave energy converters (WECs), which are often neglected in resource assessment. The present paper studies the long-term resource variability of the Chilean coast, dividing the 20th century into five do-decades and analysing the variations between the different do-decades. To that end, the ERA20C reanalysis of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts is calibrated versus the ERA-Interim reanalysis and validated against buoy measurements collected in different points of the Chilean coast. Historical resource variations off the Chilean coast are compared to resource variations off the west coast in Ireland, showing a significantly more consistent wave resource. In addition, the impact of historical wave resource variations on a realistic WEC, similar to the Corpower device, is studied, comparing the results to those obtained off the west coast of Ireland. The annual power production off the Chilean coast is demonstrated to be remarkably more regular over the 20th century, with variations of just 1% between the different do-decades.

The Impact of Regulations on West Coast Towing Vessel Safety

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Allan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
West Coast ◽  
The West ◽  
Fiscal Impact ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Impact

The paper summarizes a lengthy study performed for Transport Canada evaluating through risk-analysis the effectiveness of regulations on the safety of towing vessels on the west coast of Canada and the USA, and to establish if there was a bias to one country due to the fiscal impact of regulations.

A regional paleolimnological assessment of the impact of clear-cutting on lakes from the west coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Laird ◽  
Brian Cumming ◽  
Rick Nordin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Diatom Species ◽  
The West ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reference Lakes

The impact of forest harvesting on lakes within the temperate rainforest on the west coast of Vancouver Island was examined in a paleolimnological study of four lakes that had 35–92% of their watersheds progressively clear-cut over a period of 15–30 years (impact lakes) and four lakes that had experienced little or no known anthropogenic disturbance in their watersheds (reference lakes). Changes in diatom species composition and percent organic matter in the 210Pb-dated sediment cores were compared over the last 100 years in each of the impact lakes before and after the onset of forest harvesting, which began in 1950, and before and after 1950 in the four reference lakes. Only one impact lake showed significant changes in percent organic matter. Significant changes (p < 0.05) in species composition following forest harvesting were detected in all four impact lakes and in one of the four reference lakes. However, the changes in diatom species composition following clear-cutting in the impact lakes were small, with changes in the relative abundance of the most common species being maximally 20%, but more typically 3–10%.

scholarly journals Storm Precipitation in the United States. Part II: Soil Erosion Characteristics

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 947-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Angel ◽  
Michael A. Palecki ◽  
Steven E. Hollinger
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
West Coast ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vegetative Cover ◽  
The West ◽  
South Central ◽  
Central United States ◽  
Storm Characteristics ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Soil erosion is a major global challenge. An increased understanding of the mechanisms driving soil erosion, especially the storms that produce it, is vital to reducing the impact on agriculture and the environment. The objective of this work was to study the spatial distribution and time trends of the soil erosion characteristics of storms, including the maximum 30-min precipitation intensity (I30), storm kinetic energy of the falling precipitation (KE), and the storm erosivity index (EI) using a long-term 15-min precipitation database. This is the first time that such an extensive climatology of soil erosion characteristics of storms has been produced. The highest mean I30, KE, and EI values occurred in all seasons in the southeastern United States, while the lowest occurred predominantly in the interior west. The lowest mean I30, KE, and EI values typically occurred in winter, and the highest occurred in summer. The exception to this was along the West Coast where winter storms exhibited the largest mean KE and EI values. Linear regression was used to identify trends in mean storm erosion characteristics for nine U.S. zones over the 31-yr study period. The south-central United States showed increases for all three storm characteristics for all four seasons. On the other hand, higher elevations along the West Coast showed strong decreases in all three storm characteristics across all seasons. The primary agricultural region in the central United States showed significant increases in fall and winter mean EI when there is less vegetative cover. These results underscore the need to update the storm climatology that is related to soil erosion on a regular basis to reflect changes over time.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document