The basic reproductive number estimated from a Mycoplasma conjunctivae outbreak in a dairy goat farm

2017 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 50-52
Author(s):  
Pei-Chuan Hsu ◽  
Wei-Hsun Chao ◽  
Xiao-Xuan He ◽  
Jyh-Mirn Lai
Keyword(s):  
Basic Reproductive Number ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
Goat Farm ◽  
Mycoplasma Conjunctivae

CASE REPORT: AN INFECTIOUS KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS OUTBREAK CAUSED BYMYCOPLASMA CONJUNCTIVAEIN A DAIRY GOAT FARM

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (01) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Wei-Hsun Chao ◽  
Jyh-Mirn Lai ◽  
Xiao-Xuan He ◽  
Yu-Hung Lin ◽  
Geng-Ruei Chang
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reactions ◽  
Goat Farm ◽  
Infectious Keratoconjunctivitis ◽  
Mycoplasma Conjunctivae ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Control Disease ◽  
Povidone Iodine Solution

Although infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC) has occurred worldwide, no report has mentioned an IKC case in a dairy goat farm in an indoor management system. Moreover, few clinicians follow the IKC syndrome development throughout the clinical course. The aim of the present study was to report an IKC outbreak caused by Mycoplasma conjunctivae (MC) in indoor dairy goat barns. Severe IKC breakouts had been found consecutively in two nearby goat barns in a cooperated farm. To confirm the etiology, samples were collected from the infected goats to perform hematological, biochemical, bacterial examinations and polymerase chain reactions. A treatment of 4% boric acid and 0.5% povidone iodine solution, and a preventive spray of quaternary ammonium at 09:00 AM and 1% Virkon-S[Formula: see text] solution at 17:00 PM were useful to control disease in the adult goat barn, wherein 60% (31/55) animals showed different IKC signs. A total of 12 (14%) goat kids, died, without treatment, showed variable degrees of bronchointerstitial pneumonia. In all cases, only the DNA fragments of MC, but not other pathogens implicated in IKC, were detected. Goats began to recover after 30 days in an episodic duration of 81 days resulting in an estimated 240,000 New Taiwan dollars loss. In conclusion, this is the first goat MC report in an indoor system. The treatment and the preventive measure described in the current study were useful to control the event.

scholarly journals Dynamics analysis of an online gambling spreading model on scale-free networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Kong ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
Yuanmei Wang ◽  
Xinming Cheng ◽  
He Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Topology ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Online Gambling ◽  
Basic Reproductive Number ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
Scale Free ◽  
Spreading Model ◽  
Spreading Dynamics ◽  
Scale Free Networks ◽  
Gambling Policy

AbstractNowadays, online gambling has a great negative impact on the society. In order to study the effect of people’s psychological factors, anti-gambling policy, and social network topology on online gambling dynamics, a new SHGD (susceptible–hesitator–gambler–disclaimer) online gambling spreading model is proposed on scale-free networks. The spreading dynamics of online gambling is studied. The basic reproductive number $R_{0}$ R 0 is got and analyzed. The basic reproductive number $R_{0}$ R 0 is related to anti-gambling policy and the network topology. Then, gambling-free equilibrium $E_{0}$ E 0 and gambling-prevailing equilibrium $E_{ +} $ E + are obtained. The global stability of $E_{0}$ E 0 is analyzed. The global attractivity of $E_{ +} $ E + and the persistence of online gambling phenomenon are studied. Finally, the theoretical results are verified by some simulations.

scholarly journals Effects of social distancing on the spreading of COVID-19 inferred from mobile phone data

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Khataee ◽  
Istvan Scheuring ◽  
Andras Czirok ◽  
Zoltan Neufeld
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Basic Reproductive Number ◽  
Mobile Phone Data ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
Expansion Phase ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Exponential Expansion ◽  
Total Death ◽  
Mobility Reduction ◽  
Epidemiological Parameters

AbstractA better understanding of how the COVID-19 pandemic responds to social distancing efforts is required for the control of future outbreaks and to calibrate partial lock-downs. We present quantitative relationships between key parameters characterizing the COVID-19 epidemiology and social distancing efforts of nine selected European countries. Epidemiological parameters were extracted from the number of daily deaths data, while mitigation efforts are estimated from mobile phone tracking data. The decrease of the basic reproductive number ($$R_0$$ R 0 ) as well as the duration of the initial exponential expansion phase of the epidemic strongly correlates with the magnitude of mobility reduction. Utilizing these relationships we decipher the relative impact of the timing and the extent of social distancing on the total death burden of the pandemic.

scholarly journals Huanglongbing Model under the Control Strategy of Discontinuous Removal of Infected Trees

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1164
Author(s):  
Weiwei Ling ◽  
Pinxia Wu ◽  
Xiumei Li ◽  
Liangjin Xie
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Global Stability ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Transmission Mechanism ◽  
Basic Reproductive Number ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Citrus Trees

By using differential equations with discontinuous right-hand sides, a dynamic model for vector-borne infectious disease under the discontinuous removal of infected trees was established after understanding the transmission mechanism of Huanglongbing (HLB) disease in citrus trees. Through calculation, the basic reproductive number of the model can be attained and the properties of the model are discussed. On this basis, the existence and global stability of the calculated equilibria are verified. Moreover, it was found that different I0 in the control strategy cannot change the dynamic properties of HLB disease. However, the lower the value of I0, the fewer HLB-infected citrus trees, which provides a theoretical basis for controlling HLB disease and reducing expenditure.

scholarly journals Effect of specific non-pharmaceutical intervention policies on SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the counties of the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingyi Yang ◽  
Angkana T. Huang ◽  
Bernardo Garcia-Carreras ◽  
William E. Hart ◽  
Andrea Staid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Home Visiting ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Causal Effects ◽  
Basic Reproductive Number ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
County Level ◽  
Metapopulation Model ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions

AbstractNon-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) remain the only widely available tool for controlling the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We estimated weekly values of the effective basic reproductive number (Reff) using a mechanistic metapopulation model and associated these with county-level characteristics and NPIs in the United States (US). Interventions that included school and leisure activities closure and nursing home visiting bans were all associated with a median Reff below 1 when combined with either stay at home orders (median Reff 0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.58–1.39) or face masks (median Reff 0.97, 95% CI 0.58–1.39). While direct causal effects of interventions remain unclear, our results suggest that relaxation of some NPIs will need to be counterbalanced by continuation and/or implementation of others.

Biscuit Bio-supplement for Increasing Milk Production and Quality in Dairy Goat Farm

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuli Retnani ◽  
Idat Galih Permana ◽  
Nur R. Komalasari ◽  
Rina Roslina ◽  
Amalia Ikhwanti
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Goat Farm

scholarly journals Viral Dynamics of Acute HIV-1 Infection

1999 ◽  
Vol 190 (6) ◽  
pp. 841-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan J. Little ◽  
Angela R. McLean ◽  
Celsa A. Spina ◽  
Douglas D. Richman ◽  
Diane V. Havlir
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Doubling Time ◽  
Basic Reproductive Number ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Viral Dynamics ◽  
Acute Hiv Infection ◽  
Acute Hiv ◽  
The Mean

Viral dynamics were intensively investigated in eight patients with acute HIV infection to define the earliest rates of change in plasma HIV RNA before and after the start of antiretroviral therapy. We report the first estimates of the basic reproductive number (R0), the number of cells infected by the progeny of an infected cell during its lifetime when target cells are not depleted. The mean initial viral doubling time was 10 h, and the peak of viremia occurred 21 d after reported HIV exposure. The spontaneous rate of decline (α) was highly variable among individuals. The phase 1 viral decay rate (δI = 0.3/day) in subjects initiating potent antiretroviral therapy during acute HIV infection was similar to estimates from treated subjects with chronic HIV infection. The doubling time in two subjects who discontinued antiretroviral therapy was almost five times slower than during acute infection. The mean basic reproductive number (R0) of 19.3 during the logarithmic growth phase of primary HIV infection suggested that a vaccine or postexposure prophylaxis of at least 95% efficacy would be needed to extinguish productive viral infection in the absence of drug resistance or viral latency. These measurements provide a basis for comparison of vaccine and other strategies and support the validity of the simian immunodeficiency virus macaque model of acute HIV infection.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document