Dynamics analysis of an online gambling spreading model on scale-free networks

Nowadays, online gambling has a great negative impact on the society. In order to study the effect of people’s psychological factors, anti-gambling policy, and social network topology on online gambling dynamics, a new SHGD (susceptible–hesitator–gambler–disclaimer) online gambling spreading model is proposed on scale-free networks. The spreading dynamics of online gambling is studied. The basic reproductive number $R_{0}$ R 0 is got and analyzed. The basic reproductive number $R_{0}$ R 0 is related to anti-gambling policy and the network topology. Then, gambling-free equilibrium $E_{0}$ E 0 and gambling-prevailing equilibrium $E_{ +} $ E + are obtained. The global stability of $E_{0}$ E 0 is analyzed. The global attractivity of $E_{ +} $ E + and the persistence of online gambling phenomenon are studied. Finally, the theoretical results are verified by some simulations.

Anti-gambling policies: framing morality policy in Italy

Recent research on morality policy has focused on policy change, morality framing and the presence of favourable cultural opportunity structures (COSs). The resulting literature describing various aspects of morality policy has failed to discuss the impact of multilevel dynamic in this field. This contribution examines gambling policy in Italy, applying a multilevel approach to detect the presence of favourable COSs, and whether policymakers frame policies morally. Italy offers a particularly fertile field for the study of morality policy, featuring a liberal national approach versus local restrictive policy. By applying a methodology based on semistructured interviews and secondary sources, we examine the national and local political spheres, demonstrating that morality framing, when detected, is more likely to be found at the local level where the influence of experts and interest groups on legislators may result in the transformation of a health policy based on paternalistic considerations.

Citizens’ Perceptions of Gambling Regulation Systems: A New Meaning-Based Approach

This study fills a gap in gambling research by inquiring into the ways in which people make sense of their country’s gambling policy as a comprehensive logic with interrelated facets. Nineteen focus group interviews were conducted with 88 persons in Helsinki, Finland. The interview protocol involved discussion stimuli and tasks. The study participants expressed the view that the public image and function of gambling provision involves a great deal of contradictory elements. Even though the existing monopoly system was given approval in terms of yielding funding to good causes, the interviewees were still critical of how the monopoly system worked when it comes to advertising, availability, and customer loyalty programs. A core dilemma identified was whether the system aims to prevent gambling-related problems or whether it does, in fact, promote gambling consumption. If skilfully executed, the study method can be fruitful for discerning core logical inconsistencies in the gambling regulation systems of other countries as well.RésuméL’étude comble une lacune dans la recherche sur les jeux de hasard en s’interrogeant sur la manière dont les gens perçoivent la politique de jeu de leur pays en tant que modèle logique complet avec facettes interdépendantes. On a effectué dix-neuf entrevues dans des groupes de discussion regroupant 88 personnes à Helsinki, en Finlande. Le protocole d’entrevue comportait des points de discussion et des tâches. Les participants à l’étude ont exprimé l’opinion voulant que l’image publique et la fonction de l’offre de jeu comprennent beaucoup d’éléments contradictoires. Même si le système de monopole existant avait l’approbation du public en raison du soutien financier apporté à de bonnes causes, les personnes interrogées étaient tout de même critiques à l’égard du monopole et de son fonctionnement en ce qui concerne la publicité, l’offre et les programmes de fidélisation des clients. On a relevé un important dilemme, à savoir si le système visait à prévenir les problèmes de jeu ou s’il favorisait en fait la consommation de jeux. Habilement appliquée, la méthode d’étude peut servir à démontrer les incohérences logiques fondamentales dans les systèmes de réglementation de jeux de hasard d’autres pays également.

The Status of Responsible Gaming

The authors, two senior policymakers at the Massachusetts Gaming Commission, trace the development of responsible gambling policy in Massachusetts, from its enabling legislation and the seminal Reno Model, to the expansive and comprehensive program that is in place in Massachusetts today. The “Massachusetts model” included three important directions: (1) Look beyond the US borders for model programs that would closely align with the expectations in Massachusetts; (2) Adopt new and promising practices and emerging technology with a precautionary approach, but leverage research funding to closely evaluate their effectiveness; and (3) Implement an enduring and comprehensive research agenda that feeds data-driven strategies to advance responsible gambling and mitigate problem gambling. In this chapter the authors discuss issues related to responsible gambling programs nationally and internationally. They offer a critical reflection about the sufficiency of the Reno Model, which remains widely perceived as the preeminent responsible gaming program standard, and provide recommendations for what constitutes a minimum responsible gambling program.

National gambling policies and the containment of the EU’s politico-legal influence

Aims: Research has shown that the EU’s politico-legal influence over member states is contained through two political strategies: contained compliance and anticipatory obedience. Previous studies on gambling policies in the EU have quite uncritically presumed that the EU is capable of inducing changes, or even forcing changes, in national gambling policies. In this article, the objective was to investigate whether member states have adopted the two strategies allowing a containment of the EU’s influence on their national gambling policies. Design: The politico-legal influence of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) and the European Commission on national gambling policy is analysed in the case of Finnish monopoly-based gambling policy. The analysis is based on case law and policy documents. Results: The results indicate that Finland has adopted both anticipatory obedience and contained compliance when striving to safeguard its gambling monopoly system. Contained compliance was adopted during the early period of Finland’s accession (1995–2001). Anticipatory obedience was exercised between the years 2004 and 2013, a period characterised by several critical legal cases and the infringement procedure commenced by the European Commission against Finland. During the third period (2014- 2017 ), when the merger of three monopoly operators into a single state-owned company was on the agenda, neither strategy was adopted, indicating little EU influence (despite public justifications of the same). Conclusion: The EU’s opportunities to induce changes in the gambling policies of member states should not be overemphasised because member states are able to contain the EU’s politico-legal influence. Future analyses of national gambling policies in the EU would benefit from taking the interaction between member states and the EU into account.

Criminalization Analysis Of Gambling Crime In The District Court Of The Kudus And Policies That Will Come In Penal Code Reformation

The problem in this research are: 1) Criminal prosecution against perpetrators of the Gambling Crime in the Kudus District Court. 2) Analysis of the results verdict against Gambling Crime lawsuit in the District Court of the Kudus. 3) Policy gambling a criminal offense in the Criminal Code reforms to come.Based on the results of the study concluded that: the base of the sentencing process is any act, error, and criminal prosecution. The average charges for the Gambling Crime in the District Court of the Kudus is six (6) months to 1 (one) year, but the result of a prosecution is not equal to the verdict, the general judge handed down the verdict for the Gambling Crime in the District Court of the Kudus average four (4) months to seven (7) months. Viewed from the demands of the course judges are many considerations to decide a case because the trial judges take into consideration the facts and evidence which can relieve the perpetrator gambling. That the main task of a judge is not necessarily just dropped punishment to the offender only. But also think about the consequences of sentencing, as well as considering the impact effect of what will happen later after the imposition of the witness. Creating new regulations on the prohibition of local governments to grant licenses to interested parties regarding the organization of gambling regulations, although in article 303 refer to legalize gambling if there is permission from the competent government in accordance with the PPRI No.9 of 1981. Diction abolish multiple interpretations contained in Article 303 and 303 bus or in the Bill of Article 505 where about peberian permits authorized officials in acts legalize gambling. Make one article where criminal gambling is not only subject to imprisonment and a fine of course, but also deprived of their rights in the professionalism if the perpetrator of a criminal who works with the enhancement.Keywords: Punishment; Crime Actors; Gambling; Policy; Reform.

Summary and conclusions: gambling policy and the public interest

This chapter summarizes the evidence from previous chapters, leading to three basic conclusions. First, gambling has both malign and benign redistributing effects. The benign effects are those that help fund necessary social activities; the malign effects are those that make the poor even poorer and the unhappy even unhappier. Second, gambling is concentrated in a very small group of heavy users, most of whom can ill afford to fund the benign effects. Third, gambling problems reinforce other vulnerabilities. These three conclusions make gambling policy an issue of distributive justice. Evidence shows that prevention of gambling problems, treatment, and harm reduction measures can be successful, if consideration is given to the complexity of the problems themselves. Government revenue and funding toward good causes from gambling create dependencies that may influence policymaking. Gambling regulation should be separated from both of those interests.

Introduction

This chapter describes a public interest approach to gambling. Issues are approached from the perspective of what policies will best serve the public good, and minimize the individual and collective harms related to the activity. Public policy on gambling faces two problems. First, gambling produces public revenue which, simultaneously, generates costs due to gambling-related problems. Secondly, vested interests in gambling revenue can limit harm prevention efforts in the public interest. This perspective leads us to include in the analysis not only the game and the gambler but also the political economy of gambling. At both the individual and societal levels, scientific research on gambling and gambling policy can provide a valuable tool for the policymaker.

APPLICATION OF THE DESTINATION APPROACH AS AN IMPEDIMENT TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF GAMBLING POLICY AND LAW IN SOUTH AFRICA

Gambling in South Africa, which the National Gambling Act sanctions, continues to be a flourishing economic activity. The policy approach to gambling has always been to keep gambling venues a distance away from communities because of the negative consequences of gambling, also referred to as problem gambling and the negative moral stigma associated with gambling. The goal of this policy, which is also referred to as the “destination approach” is to circumvent impulse gambling, which may lead to problem gambling. The destination approach can be credited with the development and flourishing of casino gambling resorts throughout South Africa and at present, such resorts serve as artificial tourist attractions.However, the rationale for maintaining the destination approach in gambling policy and the law is no longer sustainable for a number of reasons. Firstly, the increasing incidence of gambling problems, secondly, there is little or no research that indicates the efficacy of the destination approach in curbing problem gambling and thirdly, the emergence of new gambling platforms such as interactive/online gambling means that gambling is conveniently available at the click of a mouse. Furthermore, there is growing evidence of casino operators relocating to areas with a high frequency of customers, such as shopping malls, which undermines the destination approach.Nevertheless, both the National Gambling Policy of 2016 and the National Gambling Amendment Bill of 2016 persist in maintaining the destination approach as a means of limiting accessibility to gambling opportunities and ultimately minimising problem gambling. This is despite the existence of strategies for the prevention of problem gambling. It is the author’s submission that maintaining and applying the destination approach in gambling policy and law, not only hinders competition in the gambling industry but also poses a threat to the enjoyment of gambling as a recreational economic activity, as listed in Schedule 4 of the Constitution. Destination gambling has little or no effect on problem gambling.