A proposal of low-cost and low-power embedded wireless image sensor node for IoT applications

Due to the Internet of Things (IoT) requirements for a high-density network with low-cost and low-power physical (PHY) layer design, the low-power budget transceiver systems have drawn momentous attention lately owing to their superior performance enhancement in both energy efficiency and hardware complexity reduction. As the power budget of the classical transceivers is envisioned by using inefficient linear power amplifiers (PAs) at the transmitter (TX) side and by applying high-resolution analog to digital converters (ADCs) at the receiver (RX) side, the transceiver architectures with low-cost PHY layer design (i.e., nonlinear PA at the TX and one-bit ADC at the RX) are mandated to cope with the vast IoT applications. Therefore, in this paper, we propose the orthogonal shaping pulses minimum shift keying (OSP-MSK) as a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) modulation/demodulation scheme in order to design the low-cost transceiver architectures associated with the IoT devices. The OSP-MSK fulfills a low-power budget by using constant envelope modulation (CEM) techniques at the TX side, and by applying a low-resolution one-bit ADC at the RX side. Furthermore, the OSP-MSK provides a higher spectral efficiency compared to the recently introduced MIMO-CEM with the one-bit ADC. In this context, the orthogonality between the in-phase and quadrature-phase components of the OSP are exploited to increase the number of transmitted bits per symbol (bps) without the need for extra bandwidth. The performance of the proposed scheme is investigated analytically and via Monte Carlo simulations. For the mathematical analysis, we derive closed-form expressions for assessing the average bit error rate (ABER) performance of the OSP-MSK modulation in conjunction with Rayleigh and Nakagami-m fading channels. Moreover, a closed-form expression for evaluating the power spectral density (PSD) of the proposed scheme is obtained as well. The simulation results corroborate the potency of the conducted analysis by revealing a high consistency with the obtained analytical formulas.

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Accurate Indoor Sound Level Measurement on a Low-Power and Low-Cost Wireless Sensor Node

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s18072351 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (7) ◽

pp. 2351 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Vladimir Risojević ◽

Robert Rozman ◽

Ratko Pilipović ◽

Rok Češnovar ◽

Patricio Bulić

Keyword(s):

Low Power ◽

Sensor Node ◽

Ambient Noise ◽

Ieee 802.15.4 ◽

Low Cost ◽

Sound Level ◽

Wireless Sensor ◽

Sound Level Meter ◽

Hardware Platform ◽

Level Meter

Wireless sensor networks can provide a cheap and flexible infrastructure to support the measurement of noise pollution. However, the processing of the gathered data is challenging to implement on resource-constrained nodes, because each node has its own limited power supply, low-performance and low-power micro-controller unit and other limited processing resources, as well as limited amount of memory. We propose a sensor node for monitoring of indoor ambient noise. The sensor node is based on a hardware platform with limited computational resources and utilizes several simplifications to approximate more complex and costly signal processing stage. Furthermore, to reduce the communication between the sensor node and a sink node, as well as the power consumed by the IEEE 802.15.4 (ZigBee) transceiver, we perform digital A-weighting filtering and non-calibrated calculation of the sound pressure level on the node. According to experimental results, the proposed sound level meter can accurately measure the noise levels of up to 100 dB, with the mean difference of less than 2 dB compared to Class 1 sound level meter. The proposed device can continuously monitor indoor noise for several days. Despite the limitations of the used hardware platform, the presented node is a promising low-cost and low-power solution for indoor ambient noise monitoring.

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Low-cost, low-power and long-range image sensor for visual surveillance

Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Experiences in the Design and Implementation of Smart Objects - SmartObjects '16 ◽

10.1145/2980147.2980156 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Congduc Pham

Keyword(s):

Low Power ◽

Long Range ◽

Low Cost ◽

Image Sensor ◽

Visual Surveillance ◽

Range Image

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The Design of a Voice Control System for Smart House

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.741 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 644-650 ◽

pp. 741-745

Author(s):

Wei Zhang ◽

Yu Huai Liu

Keyword(s):

Control System ◽

Power Consumption ◽

Low Power ◽

Wireless Network ◽

Sensor Node ◽

Low Cost ◽

Low Power Consumption ◽

Zigbee Technology ◽

Voice Control ◽

Smart House

A method to design a voice control system for smart house is proposed and implemented. Since smart house has the characteristics of low power consumption, low cost and easy operability, ZigBee technology is adopted as a wireless network standard and CC2530 is selected as a sensor node. In the designed system, electric appliances can be controlled by voice.

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A DSP-Based System Design for Image Capturing and Transmitting

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1049-1050.1730 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1049-1050 ◽

pp. 1730-1735

Author(s):

Yong Cheng Wang ◽

He Ming Zhao ◽

Lei Shao ◽

Li He

Keyword(s):

Low Power ◽

System Design ◽

Low Cost ◽

Image Data ◽

Cmos Image Sensor ◽

Image Sensor ◽

Driving Mechanism ◽

Timing Control ◽

Image Capturing

In present paper, a DSP-based image capturing and transmitting system is described. As a shortage of peripherals on DSP, external image capturing and data transmitting components are needed in this case. A CMOS image sensor was used to capture images, and an Ethernet MAC controller with PHY was used to transmit image data. In addition, a CPLD was used as the co-controller for timing control. ARP, IP and UDP were functioning during data transmitting through Ethernet. The Driving Mechanism of two main chips and implementing of the protocols were described in detail. Images displayed on the PC show that the system provids good performance. The system is low-cost, simple and low-power.

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Towards an ultra-low-power low-cost wireless visual sensor node for fine-grain detection of forest fires

Advances in forest fire research ◽

10.14195/978-989-26-0884-6_173 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 1571-1581

Author(s):

J. Fernández-Berni ◽

R. Carmona-Galán ◽

Juan A. Leñero-Bardallo ◽

R. Kleihorst ◽

Á. Rodríguez-Vázquez

Keyword(s):

Low Power ◽

Forest Fires ◽

Sensor Node ◽

Low Cost ◽

Visual Sensor ◽

Ultra Low Power ◽

Fine Grain

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Energy Efficiency Analysis of LoRa and ZigBee Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks

Revista Gestão Inovação e Tecnologias ◽

10.47059/revistageintec.v11i4.2322 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 2836-2849

Author(s):

K. Raghava Rao ◽

D. Sateesh Kumar ◽

Mohiddin Shaw ◽

V. Sitamahalakshmi

Keyword(s):

Wireless Sensor Networks ◽

Sensor Networks ◽

Power Consumption ◽

Low Power ◽

Sensor Node ◽

Sensor Nodes ◽

Wireless Sensor ◽

Wireless Sensor Node ◽

Wireless Sensor Nodes ◽

Iot Applications

Now a days IoT technologies are emerging technology with wide range of applications. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are plays vital role in IoT technologies. Construction of wireless sensor node with low-power radio link and high-speed processors is an interesting contribution for wireless sensor networks and IoT applications. Most of WSNs are furnished with battery source that has limited lifetime. The maximum operations of these networks require more power utility. Nevertheless, improving network efficiency and lifetime is a curtail issue in WSNs. Designing a low powered wireless sensor networks is a major challenges in recent years, it is essential to model its efficiency and power consumption for different applications. This paper describes power consumption model based on LoRa and Zigbee protocols, allows wireless sensor nodes to monitor and measure power consumption in a cyclic sleeping scenario. Experiential results reveals that the designed LoRa wireless sensor nodes have the potential for real-world IoT application with due consideration of communicating distance, data packets, transmitting speed, and consumes low power as compared with Zigbee sensor nodes. The measured sleep intervals achieved lower power consumption in LoRa as compared with Zigbee. The uniqueness of this research work lies in the review of wireless sensor node optimization and power consumption of these two wireless sensor networks for IoT applications.

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