Improving the stability of high expansion foam used for LNG vapor risk mitigation using exfoliated zirconium phosphate nanoplates

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 48-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratik Krishnan ◽  
Anas Al-Rabbat ◽  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Dali Huang ◽  
Lecheng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zirconium Phosphate ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Expansion Foam ◽  
The Stability

scholarly journals Stability of African Swine Fever Virus in Soil and Options to Mitigate the Potential Transmission Risk

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 977
Author(s):  
Jolene Carlson ◽  
Melina Fischer ◽  
Laura Zani ◽  
Michael Eschbaumer ◽  
Walter Fuchs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Beach Sand ◽  
Complete Inactivation ◽  
The Stability

Understanding African swine fever virus (ASFV) transmission is essential for strategies to minimize virus spread during an outbreak. ASFV can survive for extended time periods in animal products, carcasses, and the environment. While the ASFV genome was found in environments around infected farms, data on the virus survival in soil are scarce. We investigated different soil matrices spiked with ASFV-positive blood from infected wild boar to see if ASFV can remain infectious in the soil beneath infected carcasses. As expected, ASFV genome detection was possible over the entire sampling period. Soil pH, structure, and ambient temperature played a role in the stability of infectious ASFV. Infectious ASFV was demonstrated in specimens originating from sterile sand for at least three weeks, from beach sand for up to two weeks, from yard soil for one week, and from swamp soil for three days. The virus was not recovered from two acidic forest soils. All risk mitigation experiments with citric acid or calcium hydroxide resulted in complete inactivation. In conclusion, the stability of infectious ASFV is very low in acidic forest soils but rather high in sandy soils. However, given the high variability, treatment of carcass collection points with disinfectants should be considered.

scholarly journals Assessment of Tuff Sea Cliff Stability Integrating Geological Surveys and Remote Sensing. Case History from Ventotene Island (Southern Italy)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruberti Daniela ◽  
Marino Ermanno ◽  
Pignalosa Antonio ◽  
Romano Pasquale ◽  
Vigliotti Marco
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Fracture Network ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
South Italy ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Data Acquisition And Processing ◽  
Sea Cliff

This study provides a detailed integrated analysis of the erosional processes affecting the volcanoclastic headlands of a pocket beach, of a typical Tyrrhenian volcanic island (Ventotene, south Italy). It compares the survey carried out in 2012 and the recent landslides that occurred in 2018–2020. The studied tuff cliff is characterised by steep, up to overhanging walls affected by a fracture network, which locally isolates blocks in precarious equilibrium. The stability conditions of the southern Cala Nave Bay sea cliff were evaluated by integrating a geological field survey, structural analysis of discontinuities, and a detailed topographic survey consisting of a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) and photogrammetry data acquisition and processing, providing a three-dimensional (3D) model of the sea cliff. The 3D model of the area affected by the recent landslides was created using proximity photogrammetry, the Structure for Motion (SfM) methodology. The fracture network was represented by using high-resolution digital models and projected to realize geostructural vertical mapping of the cliff. The data acquired in 2012 were more recently compared with further surveys carried out, following rock failures that occurred in winter 2019–2020. The detachment planes and failure modalities coincide perfectly with the ones previously assessed. The applied techniques and the comparison with the recent rock failures have proven to be important in defining these conditions to address risk mitigation interventions.

Effects of forced convection and thermal radiation on high expansion foam used for LNG vapor risk mitigation

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 423-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratik Krishnan ◽  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Anas Al-Rabbat ◽  
Zhengdong Cheng ◽  
M. Sam Mannan
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Radiation ◽  
Forced Convection ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Expansion Foam

scholarly journals Organoindium Precursor Purification by New Sorbents Based on Titanium and Zirconium Phosphates

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 429-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina A. Grafova ◽  
Sergei A. Khainakov ◽  
Vladimir V. Strelko ◽  
Giovanni A. Battiston
Keyword(s):  
Zirconium Phosphate ◽  
Vapour Deposition ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Chemical Vapour ◽  
Semiconductor Films ◽  
Zirconium Phosphates ◽  
Precursor Synthesis ◽  
Organometallic Precursors ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Deposition Techniques

High purity requirements for organometallic precursors have recently become critical in the field of III–V semiconductor films obtained by chemical vapour deposition techniques. Traditional purification routes employing physical methods need to be replaced by ones which are more rapid and effective. Such a route is described in this paper. This involves the elimination of any traces of impurity by applying several combinations of sorbents. In this way, complete elimination of lithium impurities introduced during precursor synthesis has been achieved by the use of titanium or zirconium phosphate sorbents (usually used as acidic ion exchangers in aqueous media). The method also preserves the stability of the organoindium precursor which is normally extremely sensitive to moisture. A possible explanation for these observations is given.

Mitigation of political risks in infrastructural project finance in African countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-250
Author(s):  
Olusegun Gbede ◽  
Peter Kayode Oniemola
Keyword(s):  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Project Finance ◽  
Regulatory Regime ◽  
Export Credit ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Political Risks ◽  
Credit Guarantees ◽  
The Government ◽  
Export Credit Guarantees ◽  
The Stability

Political risks have adversely affected project financing in African countries. There are instances of risks in the state hosting project that may negatively affect the bankability of the project. They include nationalisation of assets, spontaneous changes in laws and regulations by the government, wars, and terrorism etc. Investors require assurance to participate in project finance. Guarantee by the government on the stability of the polity is required. The government may also give assurances through legal measures, stabilisation clauses and guarantees to the effect that the regulatory environment of the project will be stable. This article examines infrastructural project finance in relation to political risks, with specific emphasis on African countries. Therefore, beyond assurance from the government, political risk mitigation instruments developed internationally can be employed. This article also elaborates the emergence of instruments/ mechanisms that have been developed internationally to mitigate political risks. These instruments include partial risk guarantees offered by international financial institutions, political insurance guarantees and export credit guarantees. It calls for the utilisation of these instruments and recommends that countries should tailor their regulatory regime to accommodate them. It contends that with the existence of these guarantees; the government has a role to play in creating a favourable legal regime and framework that will admit their utilisation within the legal system.

Epr of Fe3+ and Cr3+ Ions in NZP Ceramics

1999 ◽  
Vol 556 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Y. Troole ◽  
S. V. Stefanovsky ◽  
L. D. Bogomolova
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Stability ◽  
Zirconium Phosphate ◽  
Coordination Polyhedra ◽  
Sodium Zirconium ◽  
Distortion Analysis ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Nzp Ceramics ◽  
Nzp Structure ◽  
Sodium Zirconium Phosphate

AbstractA new method to estimate the thermodynamic stability of crystalline host phases for radwaste is based on the determination of the degree of coordination polyhedra distortion. Analysis of the stability of sodium zirconium phosphate (NZP) structure containing Fe and Cr has been completed. The NZP structure can incorporate a limited amount of iron (∼2 mol. % Fe2o3). From the EPR study, Fe3+ and Cr3+ ions occupy two different structural positions substituting for Zr4+and Na+. Moreover, these ions can enter extra phases.

Improving the mechanical stability of proton conducting SPEEK membranes by in situ precipitation of zirconium phosphate phenylphosphonates

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (43) ◽  
pp. 36606-36614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Pica ◽  
Roberto D'Amato ◽  
Anna Donnadio ◽  
Donatella Capitani ◽  
Elisabetta Troni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Zirconium Phosphate ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Proton Conducting ◽  
The Stability

Zirconium phosphate phenylphosphonate nanoparticles improve mechanical properties and the stability of the proton conductivity of composite SPEEK membranes.

Part A Regulatory Matters, 6 Capital Adequacy, Liquidity, and Large Exposures

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Proctor Charles
Keyword(s):  
Credit Risk ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Operational Risk ◽  
Market Risk ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Mitigation Techniques ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Basel 3

This chapter examines the current capital adequacy framework and associated provisions designed to ensure that a bank's business is managed on a prudent basis. It also considers other closely allied topics which may affect the stability of the banking system, namely, liquidity and large exposure requirement. Topics discussed include the origins of the Basel Standards; Basel 2 and Basel 3 rules; the calculation of risk-weighted assets; the nature and effect of credit risk mitigation techniques; market risk; operational risk; and reform on Basel 2.

Preparation of Ni2P decorated black phosphorus nanosheets supported on two-dimensional α-zirconium phosphate and its catalysis for hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Li ◽  
Hongqin Ma ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
Luqi Yu ◽  
Xinyue Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zirconium Phosphate ◽  
Black Phosphorus ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Solvothermal Reaction ◽  
Nickel Salt ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
One Step ◽  
Phosphorus Source ◽  
The Stability

Abstract The hybrid material of a novel Ni2P/black phosphorus (Ni2P/BP) supported on two-dimensional α-zirconium phosphate (α-ZrP) was prepared, and its catalytic activity for hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of dibenzothiophene (DBT) was investigated in a batch autoclave reactor. The results indicate that a high yield of BP nanosheets from bulk BP crystals can be easily obtained adopting a freeze-assisted exfoliation method, and Ni2P/BP can be sucessfully synthesized by a facial one-step solvothermal reaction. Through the reaction of the nickel salt with BP nanosheets, Ni2P nanoparticles formed in situ are firmly anchored on the surface of BP, effectively preventing themselves from aggregating. BP is not only used as the phosphorus source for the synthesis of Ni2P, but its superior electron mobility can significantly promote the catalytic HDS activity of Ni2P species. Moreover, the support of two-dimensional α-ZrP nanosheets with a large specific surface area has a strong structure and adjustable performance, which greatly improves the stability and service life of the catalyst. With the Ni/P molar ratio of 1:2 in the supported Ni2P/BP nanosheets, Ni2P/BP@ZrP has a conversion rate of 87.4% for the HDS reaction of DBT within 6 h at 260 ℃, much higher than the traditional NiMo/Al2O3 catalyst (65.6%), showing a good promising application to industrial catalytic desulfurization.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Stability and Failure Mechanisms of Landslide Dams

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongchao Zheng ◽  
Zhenming Shi ◽  
Danyi Shen ◽  
Ming Peng ◽  
Kevin J. Hanley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Failure Mechanisms ◽  
Landslide Dam ◽  
Evaluation Indexes ◽  
Landslide Dams ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Engineering Measures ◽  
Dam Stability ◽  
The Stability

Numerous landslide dams have been induced in recent years as a result of frequent earthquakes and extreme climate hazards. Landslide dams present serious threats to lives and properties downstream due to potentially breaching floods from the impounded lakes. To investigate the factors influencing the stability of landslide dams, a large database has been established based on an in-depth investigation of 1,737 landslide dam cases. The effects of triggers, dam materials, and geomorphic characteristics of landslide dams on dam stability are comprehensively analyzed. Various evaluation indexes of landslide dam stability are assessed based on this database, and stability evaluation can be further improved by considering the dam materials. Stability analyses of aftershocks, surges, and artificial engineering measures on landslide dams are summarized. Overtopping and seepage failures are the most common failure modes of landslide dams. The failure processes and mechanisms of landslide dams caused by overtopping and seepage are reviewed from the perspective of model experiments and numerical analyses. Finally, the research gaps are highlighted, and pathways to achieve a more complete understanding of landslide dam stability are suggested. This comprehensive review of the recent advances in stability and failure mechanisms of landslide dams can serve as a key reference for stability prediction and emergency risk mitigation.

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