Enhanced TGF-β signaling and fibrosis in pectoralis major muscle of broiler chicken affected by wooden breast myopathy

Storage temperature and duration plays an important role in meat processing. Observations in poultry processing plants have shown a serious deviation in storage condition compared to the recommended procedures. Furthermore, there is still a paucity of evidence on the effects of storage temperature and duration on meat quality and microbial population. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different temperature and duration during storage on physico-chemical properties and microbiological quality of broiler chicken Pectoralis major muscle. Eighty birds were slaughtered and processed, following which the packed boneless breast (PBB) (each bird was to provide two breast muscle samples; left breast and right breast) was divided into four groups, each consisted of 40 PBB. Each group was subsequently assigned to storage either at 4 °C, −10 °C, −18 °C or −40 °C, for 24 h before 20 PBB samples from each group were transported to the respective laboratory for meat quality and microbiological analysis. The remaining 20 PBB from each storage temperature were stored for 72 h before being transported for analysis. Results have shown significant increases in drip loss and cooking loss as the storage temperature decreases. Similarly, storage duration significantly affected cooking loss, of which, samples stored for 72 h exhibited higher cooking loss compared to those stored for 24 h. For color, significant differences were only observed in lightness (L*) and redness (a*) values. Longer duration of storage had significantly improved tenderness whereby, samples that have been stored for a shorter duration presented higher pH values. Populations of coliform and Salmonella decreased significantly with decreasing temperature and increasing storage duration.

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Nucleotides in broiler chicken diet: effect on breast muscles quality

Czech Journal of Food Sciences ◽

10.17221/327/2010-cjfs ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 29 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 308-317 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

B. Chiofalo ◽

V. Lo Presti ◽

G. Samoini ◽

D. Alessandro E ◽

V. Chiofalo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Shear Force ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Broiler Chicken ◽

Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽

Dietary Supplementation ◽

Pectoralis Major ◽

Atherogenic Index ◽

Homogeneous Groups ◽

Lower Shear ◽

Nutritional Characteristics

The study evaluated the effects of nucleotide dietary supplementation on the physical and nutritional characteristics of the Pectoralis major muscle of male broiler chickens (n = 60 000), divided into two homogeneous groups: Control (C) and Nucleotides (N). The animals of the two groups, from the birth (24 h of age) to the slaughtering age (52 days), received the same diet, supplemented (N) or not (C) with 0.1% of a Nucleotide pool. At the slaughtering, on a sample of 130 animals per group, randomly selected, the physical and nutritional characteristics of Pectoralis major muscle were determined. The meat of the N group showed significantly higher redness and Hue values, lower shear force values, higher lipid and ash percentages and iron content. Moreover, nucleotides significantly increased monounsaturated acids and linolenic acid and decreased eicosapentanoic and docosahexanoic acids. The unsaturation degree was higher in the Nucleotides group and Atherogenic index was positively influenced by the nucleotide supplementation. Nucleotide dietary supplementation improved the physical and nutritional characteristics of the Pectoralis major muscle of broiler chickens.

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Ectopic Lipid Accumulation is Key Feature in Early Stages of Wooden Breast

10.20944/preprints201906.0194.v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Juniper A. Lake ◽

Michael B. Papah ◽

Behnam Abasht

Keyword(s):

Expression Analysis ◽

Lipid Accumulation ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽

Differential Expression Analysis ◽

Breast Disease ◽

Pectoralis Major ◽

P Value ◽

Altered Expression ◽

Wooden Breast

Wooden breast is a muscle disorder affecting modern commercial broiler chickens that causes a palpably firm pectoralis major muscle and severe reduction in meat quality. Most studies have focused on advanced stages of wooden breast apparent at market age, resulting in limited insights into the etiology and early pathogenesis of the myopathy. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify early molecular signals in the wooden breast transcriptional cascade by performing gene expression analysis on the pectoralis major muscle of two-week-old birds that may later exhibit the wooden breast phenotype by market age at 7 weeks. Biopsy samples of the left pectoralis major muscle were collected from a subset of 101 birds randomly selected from a total of 302 birds at 14 days of age, after which all birds were raised to 7 weeks of age for scoring of wooden breast. RNA sequencing was performed on 5 unaffected and 8 affected female chicken samples, selected based on wooden breast scores (0 to 4) assigned at necropsy where affected birds had scores of 2 or 3 (mildly or moderately affected) while unaffected birds had scores of 0 (no apparent gross lesions). Differential expression analysis identified 60 genes found to be significant at an FDR-adjusted p value of 0.05. Of these, 26 were previously demonstrated to exhibit altered expression or genetic polymorphisms related to glucose tolerance or diabetes mellitus in mammals. Additionally, 9 genes have functions directly related to lipid metabolism and 11 genes are associated with adiposity traits such as intramuscular fat and body mass index. This study suggests that wooden breast disease is first and foremost a metabolic disorder characterized primarily by ectopic lipid accumulation in the pectoralis major.

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Increased Expression of Lipid Metabolism Genes in Early Stages of Wooden Breast Links Myopathy of Broilers to Metabolic Syndrome in Humans

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes10100746 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 746 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Juniper A. Lake ◽

Michael B. Papah ◽

Behnam Abasht

Keyword(s):

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Expression Analysis ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽

Differential Expression Analysis ◽

Breast Disease ◽

Pectoralis Major ◽

P Value ◽

Altered Expression ◽

Wooden Breast

Wooden breast is a muscle disorder affecting modern commercial broiler chickens that causes a palpably firm pectoralis major muscle and severe reduction in meat quality. Most studies have focused on advanced stages of wooden breast apparent at market age, resulting in limited insights into the etiology and early pathogenesis of the myopathy. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify early molecular signals in the wooden breast transcriptional cascade by performing gene expression analysis on the pectoralis major muscle of two-week-old birds that may later exhibit the wooden breast phenotype by market age at 7 weeks. Biopsy samples of the left pectoralis major muscle were collected from 101 birds at 14 days of age. Birds were subsequently raised to 7 weeks of age to allow sample selection based on the wooden breast phenotype at market age. RNA-sequencing was performed on 5 unaffected and 8 affected female chicken samples, selected based on wooden breast scores (0 to 4) assigned at necropsy where affected birds had scores of 2 or 3 (mildly or moderately affected) while unaffected birds had scores of 0 (no apparent gross lesions). Differential expression analysis identified 60 genes found to be significant at an FDR-adjusted p-value of 0.05. Of these, 26 were previously demonstrated to exhibit altered expression or genetic polymorphisms related to glucose tolerance or diabetes mellitus in mammals. Additionally, 9 genes have functions directly related to lipid metabolism and 11 genes are associated with adiposity traits such as intramuscular fat and body mass index. This study suggests that wooden breast disease is first and foremost a metabolic disorder characterized primarily by ectopic lipid accumulation in the pectoralis major.

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Increased Expression of Lipid Metabolism Genes in Early Stages of Wooden Breast Links Myopathy of Broilers to Metabolic Syndrome in Humans

10.20944/preprints201906.0194.v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Juniper A. Lake ◽

Michael B. Papah ◽

Behnam Abasht

Keyword(s):

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Expression Analysis ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽

Differential Expression Analysis ◽

Breast Disease ◽

Pectoralis Major ◽

P Value ◽

Altered Expression ◽

Wooden Breast

Wooden breast is a muscle disorder affecting modern commercial broiler chickens that causes a palpably firm pectoralis major muscle and severe reduction in meat quality. Most studies have focused on advanced stages of wooden breast apparent at market age, resulting in limited insights into the etiology and early pathogenesis of the myopathy. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify early molecular signals in the wooden breast transcriptional cascade by performing gene expression analysis on the pectoralis major muscle of two-week-old birds that may later exhibit the wooden breast phenotype by market age at 7 weeks. Biopsy samples of the left pectoralis major muscle were collected from 101 birds at 14 days of age. Birds were subsequently raised to 7 weeks of age to allow sample selection based on the wooden breast phenotype at market age. RNA sequencing was performed on 5 unaffected and 8 affected female chicken samples, selected based on wooden breast scores (0 to 4) assigned at necropsy where affected birds had scores of 2 or 3 (mildly or moderately affected) while unaffected birds had scores of 0 (no apparent gross lesions). Differential expression analysis identified 60 genes found to be significant at an FDR-adjusted p value of 0.05. Of these, 26 were previously demonstrated to exhibit altered expression or genetic polymorphisms related to glucose tolerance or diabetes mellitus in mammals. Additionally, 9 genes have functions directly related to lipid metabolism and 11 genes are associated with adiposity traits such as intramuscular fat and body mass index. This study suggests that wooden breast disease is first and foremost a metabolic disorder characterized primarily by ectopic lipid accumulation in the pectoralis major.

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Histopathological changes associated with white Striping and wooden breast myopathies in pectoralis major muscle and meat quality characteristics in broiler chickens subjected to feed restriction

TURKISH JOURNAL OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES ◽

10.3906/vet-2104-89 ◽

2021 ◽

Keyword(s):

Meat Quality ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽

Quality Characteristics ◽

Pectoralis Major ◽

Feed Restriction ◽

Histopathological Changes ◽

White Striping ◽

Wooden Breast

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Wooden Breast Myodegeneration of Pectoralis Major Muscle Over the Growth Period in Broilers

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1177/0300985816658099 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 119-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

H.-K. Sihvo ◽

J. Lindén ◽

N. Airas ◽

K. Immonen ◽

J. Valaja ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽

Growth Period ◽

Pectoralis Major ◽

Histological Evaluation ◽

Unknown Etiology ◽

Focal Lesion ◽

Dietary Selenium ◽

Perivascular Cell ◽

White Striping ◽

Wooden Breast

Wooden breast (WB) myopathy of broiler chickens is a myodegenerative disease of an unknown etiology and is macroscopically characterized by a hardened consistency of the pectoralis major muscle. Our aim was to describe the development and morphology of WB over the growth period in broilers. Additionally, the effect of restricted dietary selenium on the occurrence of WB was examined by allocating the birds in 2 dietary groups: restricted and conventional level of selenium. The experiment included 240 male broilers that were euthanized at ages of 10, 18, 24, 35, 38, or 42 days and evaluated for WB based on abnormal hardness of the pectoralis major muscle. The severity and the distribution of the lesion and presence of white striping were recorded. The first WB cases were seen at 18 days; 13/47 birds (28%) were affected and the majority exhibited a mild focal lesion. In subsequent age groups the WB prevalence varied between 48% and 73% and the lesion was usually diffuse and markedly firm. White striping often coexisted with WB. Histological evaluation performed on 111 cases revealed a significant association of myodegeneration and lymphocytic vasculitis with WB. Vasculitis and perivascular cell infiltration were restricted to the veins. Restricted dietary selenium did not affect the occurrence of WB ( P = .44). Our results indicate that WB starts focally and spreads to form a diffuse and more severe lesion.

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Fiber Metabolism, Procollagen and Collagen Type III Immunoreactivity in Broiler Pectoralis Major Affected by Muscle Abnormalities

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10061081 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1081 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maurizio Mazzoni ◽

Francesca Soglia ◽

Massimiliano Petracci ◽

Federico Sirri ◽

Giulia Lattanzio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Positive Reaction ◽

Collagen Type ◽

Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽

Live Weight ◽

Pectoralis Major ◽

Collagen Type Iii ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Type Iii ◽

Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase ◽

Wooden Breast

The present study aimed to evaluate the muscle fiber metabolism and assess the presence and distribution of both procollagen and collagen type III in pectoralis major muscles affected by white striping (WS), wooden breast (WB), and spaghetti meat (SM), as well as in those with macroscopically normal appearance (NORM). For this purpose, 20 pectoralis major muscles (five per group) were selected from the same flock of fast-growing broilers (Ross 308, males, 45-days-old, 3.0 kg live weight) and were used for histochemical (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide tetrazolium reductase (NADH-TR) and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (α-GPD)) and immunohistochemical (procollagen and collagen type III) analyses. When compared to NORM, we found an increased proportion (p < 0.001) of fibers positively stained to NADH-TR in myopathic muscles along with a relevant decrease (p < 0.001) in the percentage of those exhibiting a positive reaction to α-GPD. In addition, an increased proportion of fibers exhibiting a positive reaction to both stainings was observed in SM, in comparison with NORM (14.3 vs. 7.2%; p < 0.001). After reacting to NADH-TR, SM exhibited the lowest (p < 0.001) cross-sectional area (CSA) of the fibers (−12% with respect to NORM). On the other hand, after reacting to α-GPD, the CSA of WS was found to be significantly larger (+10%) in comparison with NORM (7480 vs. 6776 µm2; p < 0.05). A profound modification of the connective tissue architecture involving a different presence and distribution of procollagen and collagen type III was observed. Intriguingly, an altered metabolism and differences in the presence and distribution of procollagen and collagen type III were even observed in pectoralis major muscle classified as NORM.

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