scholarly journals Nucleotides in broiler chicken diet: effect on breast muscles quality

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 308-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Chiofalo ◽  
V. Lo Presti ◽  
G. Samoini ◽  
D. Alessandro E ◽  
V. Chiofalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Force ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
Lower Shear ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics

The study evaluated the effects of nucleotide dietary supplementation on the physical and nutritional characteristics of the Pectoralis major muscle of male broiler chickens (n = 60 000), divided into two homogeneous groups: Control (C) and Nucleotides (N). The animals of the two groups, from the birth (24 h of age) to the slaughtering age (52 days), received the same diet, supplemented (N) or not (C) with 0.1% of a Nucleotide pool. At the slaughtering, on a sample of 130 animals per group, randomly selected, the physical and nutritional characteristics of Pectoralis major muscle were determined. The meat of the N group showed significantly higher redness and Hue values, lower shear force values, higher lipid and ash percentages and iron content. Moreover, nucleotides significantly increased monounsaturated acids and linolenic acid and decreased eicosapentanoic and docosahexanoic acids. The unsaturation degree was higher in the Nucleotides group and Atherogenic index was positively influenced by the nucleotide supplementation. Nucleotide dietary supplementation improved the physical and nutritional characteristics of the Pectoralis major muscle of broiler chickens.

scholarly journals Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Microbiological Quality of Broiler Chicken Pectoralis Major Muscle Subjected to Different Storage Temperature and Duration

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 741
Author(s):  
Muhamad Faris Ab Aziz ◽  
Muhammad Nizam Hayat ◽  
Ubedullah Kaka ◽  
Nitty Hirawaty Kamarulzaman ◽  
Awis Qurni Sazili
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
Cooking Loss ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
Physico Chemical

Storage temperature and duration plays an important role in meat processing. Observations in poultry processing plants have shown a serious deviation in storage condition compared to the recommended procedures. Furthermore, there is still a paucity of evidence on the effects of storage temperature and duration on meat quality and microbial population. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different temperature and duration during storage on physico-chemical properties and microbiological quality of broiler chicken Pectoralis major muscle. Eighty birds were slaughtered and processed, following which the packed boneless breast (PBB) (each bird was to provide two breast muscle samples; left breast and right breast) was divided into four groups, each consisted of 40 PBB. Each group was subsequently assigned to storage either at 4 °C, −10 °C, −18 °C or −40 °C, for 24 h before 20 PBB samples from each group were transported to the respective laboratory for meat quality and microbiological analysis. The remaining 20 PBB from each storage temperature were stored for 72 h before being transported for analysis. Results have shown significant increases in drip loss and cooking loss as the storage temperature decreases. Similarly, storage duration significantly affected cooking loss, of which, samples stored for 72 h exhibited higher cooking loss compared to those stored for 24 h. For color, significant differences were only observed in lightness (L*) and redness (a*) values. Longer duration of storage had significantly improved tenderness whereby, samples that have been stored for a shorter duration presented higher pH values. Populations of coliform and Salmonella decreased significantly with decreasing temperature and increasing storage duration.

scholarly journals Haematological, serum and carcass characteristics of broiler chicken fed `graded levels of Garcinia kola (Bitter kola) used as phytobiotic

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
R. A. Sobayo ◽  
O. A. Adeyemi ◽  
A. O. Oso ◽  
A. O. Fafiolu ◽  
J. O. Daramola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Albumin Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Garcinia Kola ◽  
Mean Values

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Garcinia Kola (Bitter Kola) used as phytobiotic or herbal natural additives on biochemical and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. Five diets with different levels of inclusion of the kola were fed to a total of 150 Marshal day- old broilers. There were three replicates of ten birds per replicate. The five diets were made of control diet; diets 2, 3, 4 and 5 had 500ppm, 1000ppm, 1500ppm and 2000ppm of G. Kola respectively. The feeding trial lasted for eight weeks. Data were analyzed using completely randomized design. The results of haematological parameters examined show that there were significant (P<0.05) differences in all the haematological indices measured, the values however, did not follow any particular pattern. Highest haemoglobin, packed cell volume (PCV) and red blood cells (RBC) values were recorded for birds on 1500ppm compared to other birds with values ranging between 8.40-10.00, 25.00-29.50 and 2.47- 2.77 for Hb, PCV and RBC respectively. The least haemoglobin and PCV values were recorded in diet containing 2000ppm. Dietary supplementation of G. kola revealed significant (P<0.05) effects in the values of albumin and serum aspartate aminotransferase (SAST) with fluctuating values. The albumin level increased from 0ppm to 1500ppm G. kola inclusion levels and later dropped at 2000ppm inclusion level. Birds fed bitter kola had higher values SAST than the control group. Results of carcass analysis study revealed significant (P<0.05) differences in the values obtained for live weight, dressed weight and dressing percentage. Birds fed with 0ppm of Garcinia kola had the highest live weight (2066.70g) while those on 1500ppm had the lowest. The same trend was observed in the mean values obtained for dressed weight. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) for all the organ weights observed except kidney which was found to show improvement with increased bitter kola level. It was concluded that dietary supplementation of broiler chicken with bitter kola produced haematological and carcass results that did not follow any definite pattern.

scholarly journals Ectopic Lipid Accumulation is Key Feature in Early Stages of Wooden Breast

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juniper A. Lake ◽  
Michael B. Papah ◽  
Behnam Abasht
Keyword(s):  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽  
Differential Expression Analysis ◽  
Breast Disease ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
P Value ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Wooden Breast

Wooden breast is a muscle disorder affecting modern commercial broiler chickens that causes a palpably firm pectoralis major muscle and severe reduction in meat quality. Most studies have focused on advanced stages of wooden breast apparent at market age, resulting in limited insights into the etiology and early pathogenesis of the myopathy. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify early molecular signals in the wooden breast transcriptional cascade by performing gene expression analysis on the pectoralis major muscle of two-week-old birds that may later exhibit the wooden breast phenotype by market age at 7 weeks. Biopsy samples of the left pectoralis major muscle were collected from a subset of 101 birds randomly selected from a total of 302 birds at 14 days of age, after which all birds were raised to 7 weeks of age for scoring of wooden breast. RNA sequencing was performed on 5 unaffected and 8 affected female chicken samples, selected based on wooden breast scores (0 to 4) assigned at necropsy where affected birds had scores of 2 or 3 (mildly or moderately affected) while unaffected birds had scores of 0 (no apparent gross lesions). Differential expression analysis identified 60 genes found to be significant at an FDR-adjusted p value of 0.05. Of these, 26 were previously demonstrated to exhibit altered expression or genetic polymorphisms related to glucose tolerance or diabetes mellitus in mammals. Additionally, 9 genes have functions directly related to lipid metabolism and 11 genes are associated with adiposity traits such as intramuscular fat and body mass index. This study suggests that wooden breast disease is first and foremost a metabolic disorder characterized primarily by ectopic lipid accumulation in the pectoralis major.

scholarly journals Increased Expression of Lipid Metabolism Genes in Early Stages of Wooden Breast Links Myopathy of Broilers to Metabolic Syndrome in Humans

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juniper A. Lake ◽  
Michael B. Papah ◽  
Behnam Abasht
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽  
Differential Expression Analysis ◽  
Breast Disease ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
P Value ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Wooden Breast

Wooden breast is a muscle disorder affecting modern commercial broiler chickens that causes a palpably firm pectoralis major muscle and severe reduction in meat quality. Most studies have focused on advanced stages of wooden breast apparent at market age, resulting in limited insights into the etiology and early pathogenesis of the myopathy. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify early molecular signals in the wooden breast transcriptional cascade by performing gene expression analysis on the pectoralis major muscle of two-week-old birds that may later exhibit the wooden breast phenotype by market age at 7 weeks. Biopsy samples of the left pectoralis major muscle were collected from 101 birds at 14 days of age. Birds were subsequently raised to 7 weeks of age to allow sample selection based on the wooden breast phenotype at market age. RNA-sequencing was performed on 5 unaffected and 8 affected female chicken samples, selected based on wooden breast scores (0 to 4) assigned at necropsy where affected birds had scores of 2 or 3 (mildly or moderately affected) while unaffected birds had scores of 0 (no apparent gross lesions). Differential expression analysis identified 60 genes found to be significant at an FDR-adjusted p-value of 0.05. Of these, 26 were previously demonstrated to exhibit altered expression or genetic polymorphisms related to glucose tolerance or diabetes mellitus in mammals. Additionally, 9 genes have functions directly related to lipid metabolism and 11 genes are associated with adiposity traits such as intramuscular fat and body mass index. This study suggests that wooden breast disease is first and foremost a metabolic disorder characterized primarily by ectopic lipid accumulation in the pectoralis major.

scholarly journals Increased Expression of Lipid Metabolism Genes in Early Stages of Wooden Breast Links Myopathy of Broilers to Metabolic Syndrome in Humans

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juniper A. Lake ◽  
Michael B. Papah ◽  
Behnam Abasht
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽  
Differential Expression Analysis ◽  
Breast Disease ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
P Value ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Wooden Breast

Wooden breast is a muscle disorder affecting modern commercial broiler chickens that causes a palpably firm pectoralis major muscle and severe reduction in meat quality. Most studies have focused on advanced stages of wooden breast apparent at market age, resulting in limited insights into the etiology and early pathogenesis of the myopathy. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify early molecular signals in the wooden breast transcriptional cascade by performing gene expression analysis on the pectoralis major muscle of two-week-old birds that may later exhibit the wooden breast phenotype by market age at 7 weeks. Biopsy samples of the left pectoralis major muscle were collected from 101 birds at 14 days of age. Birds were subsequently raised to 7 weeks of age to allow sample selection based on the wooden breast phenotype at market age. RNA sequencing was performed on 5 unaffected and 8 affected female chicken samples, selected based on wooden breast scores (0 to 4) assigned at necropsy where affected birds had scores of 2 or 3 (mildly or moderately affected) while unaffected birds had scores of 0 (no apparent gross lesions). Differential expression analysis identified 60 genes found to be significant at an FDR-adjusted p value of 0.05. Of these, 26 were previously demonstrated to exhibit altered expression or genetic polymorphisms related to glucose tolerance or diabetes mellitus in mammals. Additionally, 9 genes have functions directly related to lipid metabolism and 11 genes are associated with adiposity traits such as intramuscular fat and body mass index. This study suggests that wooden breast disease is first and foremost a metabolic disorder characterized primarily by ectopic lipid accumulation in the pectoralis major.

Performance, diameter of muscle fibers, and gene expression of mechanistic target of rapamycin in pectoralis major muscle of broilers supplemented with leucine and valine

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iván Camilo Ospina-Rojas ◽  
Alice Eiko Murakami ◽  
Cristiane Regina do Amaral Duarte ◽  
Paulo Cesar Pozza ◽  
Robson Marcelo Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Leucine Supplementation ◽  
Mechanistic Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Protein Diets

Two experiments were performed to study the interaction between the standardized ileal digestible (SID) leucine (Leu) and valine (Val) levels on the mRNA expression of genes involved in the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway (experiment I) and determine the requirement of these amino acids in low-protein diets, and their effects on performance, serum parameters and muscle fiber diameters of broilers (experiment II) from day 1 to day 21 post hatch. Broiler chickens were distributed in a completely randomized design in a 3 × 3 and 5 × 5 factorial arrangement for a total of 9 and 25 treatments in experiments I and II, respectively. There was no (P > 0.05) interaction between the SID Leu and Val levels on mRNA expression of mTOR, S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), 4E-binding protein-1 (4EBP1), eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) genes in pectoralis major muscle. Leucine supplementation increased (P < 0.05) mRNA expression of mTOR and S6K1 genes in muscle tissue, whereas Val supplementation did not affect (P > 0.05) mRNA expression of the genes investigated. Interaction was observed (P < 0.05) between dietary Leu and Val levels on feed intake and gain:feed. Leucine supplementation may stimulate mRNA expression of mTOR and S6K1 genes in pectoralis major muscle of broilers from day 1 to day 21 post hatch. The SID Leu and Val levels required for the optimization of feed intake, weight gain, and gain:feed in low-crude protein diets for broiler chickens from day 1 to 21 post hatch were estimated at 1.29% and 0.96%, 1.28% and 0.92%, and 1.27% and 0.91%, respectively; however, these requirements may be greater to maximize muscle fiber growth.

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