scholarly journals Increased Expression of Lipid Metabolism Genes in Early Stages of Wooden Breast Links Myopathy of Broilers to Metabolic Syndrome in Humans

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juniper A. Lake ◽  
Michael B. Papah ◽  
Behnam Abasht
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽  
Differential Expression Analysis ◽  
Breast Disease ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
P Value ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Wooden Breast

Wooden breast is a muscle disorder affecting modern commercial broiler chickens that causes a palpably firm pectoralis major muscle and severe reduction in meat quality. Most studies have focused on advanced stages of wooden breast apparent at market age, resulting in limited insights into the etiology and early pathogenesis of the myopathy. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify early molecular signals in the wooden breast transcriptional cascade by performing gene expression analysis on the pectoralis major muscle of two-week-old birds that may later exhibit the wooden breast phenotype by market age at 7 weeks. Biopsy samples of the left pectoralis major muscle were collected from 101 birds at 14 days of age. Birds were subsequently raised to 7 weeks of age to allow sample selection based on the wooden breast phenotype at market age. RNA-sequencing was performed on 5 unaffected and 8 affected female chicken samples, selected based on wooden breast scores (0 to 4) assigned at necropsy where affected birds had scores of 2 or 3 (mildly or moderately affected) while unaffected birds had scores of 0 (no apparent gross lesions). Differential expression analysis identified 60 genes found to be significant at an FDR-adjusted p-value of 0.05. Of these, 26 were previously demonstrated to exhibit altered expression or genetic polymorphisms related to glucose tolerance or diabetes mellitus in mammals. Additionally, 9 genes have functions directly related to lipid metabolism and 11 genes are associated with adiposity traits such as intramuscular fat and body mass index. This study suggests that wooden breast disease is first and foremost a metabolic disorder characterized primarily by ectopic lipid accumulation in the pectoralis major.

scholarly journals Increased Expression of Lipid Metabolism Genes in Early Stages of Wooden Breast Links Myopathy of Broilers to Metabolic Syndrome in Humans

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juniper A. Lake ◽  
Michael B. Papah ◽  
Behnam Abasht
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽  
Differential Expression Analysis ◽  
Breast Disease ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
P Value ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Wooden Breast

Wooden breast is a muscle disorder affecting modern commercial broiler chickens that causes a palpably firm pectoralis major muscle and severe reduction in meat quality. Most studies have focused on advanced stages of wooden breast apparent at market age, resulting in limited insights into the etiology and early pathogenesis of the myopathy. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify early molecular signals in the wooden breast transcriptional cascade by performing gene expression analysis on the pectoralis major muscle of two-week-old birds that may later exhibit the wooden breast phenotype by market age at 7 weeks. Biopsy samples of the left pectoralis major muscle were collected from 101 birds at 14 days of age. Birds were subsequently raised to 7 weeks of age to allow sample selection based on the wooden breast phenotype at market age. RNA sequencing was performed on 5 unaffected and 8 affected female chicken samples, selected based on wooden breast scores (0 to 4) assigned at necropsy where affected birds had scores of 2 or 3 (mildly or moderately affected) while unaffected birds had scores of 0 (no apparent gross lesions). Differential expression analysis identified 60 genes found to be significant at an FDR-adjusted p value of 0.05. Of these, 26 were previously demonstrated to exhibit altered expression or genetic polymorphisms related to glucose tolerance or diabetes mellitus in mammals. Additionally, 9 genes have functions directly related to lipid metabolism and 11 genes are associated with adiposity traits such as intramuscular fat and body mass index. This study suggests that wooden breast disease is first and foremost a metabolic disorder characterized primarily by ectopic lipid accumulation in the pectoralis major.

scholarly journals Ectopic Lipid Accumulation is Key Feature in Early Stages of Wooden Breast

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juniper A. Lake ◽  
Michael B. Papah ◽  
Behnam Abasht
Keyword(s):  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽  
Differential Expression Analysis ◽  
Breast Disease ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
P Value ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Wooden Breast

Wooden breast is a muscle disorder affecting modern commercial broiler chickens that causes a palpably firm pectoralis major muscle and severe reduction in meat quality. Most studies have focused on advanced stages of wooden breast apparent at market age, resulting in limited insights into the etiology and early pathogenesis of the myopathy. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify early molecular signals in the wooden breast transcriptional cascade by performing gene expression analysis on the pectoralis major muscle of two-week-old birds that may later exhibit the wooden breast phenotype by market age at 7 weeks. Biopsy samples of the left pectoralis major muscle were collected from a subset of 101 birds randomly selected from a total of 302 birds at 14 days of age, after which all birds were raised to 7 weeks of age for scoring of wooden breast. RNA sequencing was performed on 5 unaffected and 8 affected female chicken samples, selected based on wooden breast scores (0 to 4) assigned at necropsy where affected birds had scores of 2 or 3 (mildly or moderately affected) while unaffected birds had scores of 0 (no apparent gross lesions). Differential expression analysis identified 60 genes found to be significant at an FDR-adjusted p value of 0.05. Of these, 26 were previously demonstrated to exhibit altered expression or genetic polymorphisms related to glucose tolerance or diabetes mellitus in mammals. Additionally, 9 genes have functions directly related to lipid metabolism and 11 genes are associated with adiposity traits such as intramuscular fat and body mass index. This study suggests that wooden breast disease is first and foremost a metabolic disorder characterized primarily by ectopic lipid accumulation in the pectoralis major.

scholarly journals Evidence and role of phlebitis and lipid infiltration in the onset and pathogenesis of Wooden Breast Disease in modern broiler chickens

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 623-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B. Papah ◽  
Erin M. Brannick ◽  
Carl J. Schmidt ◽  
Behnam Abasht
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Breast Disease ◽  
Wooden Breast

scholarly journals Dysregulation of lipid metabolism and appearance of slow myofiber-specific isoforms accompany the development of Wooden Breast myopathy in modern broiler chickens

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B. Papah ◽  
Behnam Abasht
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Lipid Uptake ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
Wooden Breast ◽  
Myofiber Type

AbstractPrevious transcriptomic studies have hypothesized the occurrence of slow myofiber-phenotype, and dysregulation of lipid metabolism as being associated with the development of Wooden Breast (WB), a meat quality defect in commercial broiler chickens. To gain a deep understanding of the manifestation and implication of these two biological processes in health and disease states in chickens, cellular and global expression of specific genes related to the respective processes were examined in pectoralis major muscles of modern fast-growing and unselected slow-growing chickens. Using RNA in situ hybridization, lipoprotein lipase (LPL) was found to be expressed in endothelial cells of capillaries and small-caliber veins in chickens. RNA-seq analysis revealed upregulation of lipid-related genes in WB-affected chickens at week 3 and downregulation at week 7 of age. On the other hand, cellular localization of slow myofiber-type genes revealed their increased expression in mature myofibers of WB-affected chickens. Similarly, global expression of slow myofiber-type genes showed upregulation in affected chickens at both timepoints. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show the expression of LPL from the vascular endothelium in chickens. This study also confirms the existence of slow myofiber-phenotype and provides mechanistic insights into increased lipid uptake and metabolism in WB disease process.

scholarly journals Nucleotides in broiler chicken diet: effect on breast muscles quality

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 308-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Chiofalo ◽  
V. Lo Presti ◽  
G. Samoini ◽  
D. Alessandro E ◽  
V. Chiofalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Force ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
Lower Shear ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics

The study evaluated the effects of nucleotide dietary supplementation on the physical and nutritional characteristics of the Pectoralis major muscle of male broiler chickens (n = 60 000), divided into two homogeneous groups: Control (C) and Nucleotides (N). The animals of the two groups, from the birth (24 h of age) to the slaughtering age (52 days), received the same diet, supplemented (N) or not (C) with 0.1% of a Nucleotide pool. At the slaughtering, on a sample of 130 animals per group, randomly selected, the physical and nutritional characteristics of Pectoralis major muscle were determined. The meat of the N group showed significantly higher redness and Hue values, lower shear force values, higher lipid and ash percentages and iron content. Moreover, nucleotides significantly increased monounsaturated acids and linolenic acid and decreased eicosapentanoic and docosahexanoic acids. The unsaturation degree was higher in the Nucleotides group and Atherogenic index was positively influenced by the nucleotide supplementation. Nucleotide dietary supplementation improved the physical and nutritional characteristics of the Pectoralis major muscle of broiler chickens.

scholarly journals Differences in The Effectiveness of Oxytocin Massage and Major Pectoralist Massage Towards Acceleration of Breast Milk Expenditure in Postpartum Mothers in PMB Ngadila Sobirin Malang District

EMBRIO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
Yuniar Angelia Puspadewi ◽  
Jiarti Kusbandiyah
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
P Value ◽  
Formula Milk ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
U Value ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Postpartum Mothers

Breastmilk (ASI) is a staple food that can be given to a newborn for growth and development of the baby for his survival. Therefore, almost 80% of mothers who give birth are able to produce enough milk for the needs of their babies. Psychological factors because there is a belief from the mother that she cannot provide breast milk which will cause a decrease in the hormone oxytocin so that breast milk cannot come out immediately after birth, so the mother takes the decision to give formula milk. The research objective in this study was to analyze the difference in the effectiveness of oxytocin massage and pectoralis major muscle massage on the acceleration of breastfeeding in postpartum mothers. The number of respondents in each group was 20 people with criteria such as postpartum mothers before 2 hours, breastfeeding did not come out at all, mothers gave normal birth. Both groups were checked for the smooth release of breast milk on which day by observation. This study used a true experiment design with a postest-only control design approach. The independent variables in this study were oxytocin massage and pectoralis major muscle massage which was carried out 2 times a day massage with a massage duration of 2-3 minutes for 5 days, while the dependent variable was the speed of expressing breastmilk which occurred on what number of days postpartum. The results showed that the U value was 122 and the W value was 375. When converted to Z value, the value was -2.593. Sig value or P value 0.010 <0.05 means that there is a significant difference between the 2 groups, namely oxytocin massage is more effective in accelerating breastfeeding.

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