scholarly journals Training effects on mental rotation, spatial orientation and spatial visualisation depending on the initial level of spatial abilities

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 328-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Teodora David
Keyword(s):  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Spatial Orientation ◽  
Initial Level ◽  
Spatial Abilities ◽  
Training Effects

scholarly journals Effects of Physical Exercise Interventions on Spatial Orientation in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Morawietz ◽  
Thomas Muehlbauer
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Psychosocial Development ◽  
Spatial Orientation ◽  
Spatial Abilities ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Exercise Interventions

Background: Regular physical exercise plays an integral part in the psychomotor and psychosocial development of children and adolescents, with complex motor and cognitive processes closely linked. Spatial abilities, one aspect of cognitive functioning start to evolve from earliest childhood and reach adult-like levels by early adolescence. As they have been associated with good spatial orientation, wayfinding, map-reading skills, problem solving or analyzing spatial information, these skills facilitate independence and autonomy while growing up. Despite promising results, only few studies investigate this relation between physical exercise and spatial abilities. To use this benefit and develop purposive physical exercise interventions, it is essential to summarize the current evidence.Objectives: This literature review aims to systematically summarize findings regarding the impact of physical exercise interventions on spatial abilities in healthy children and adolescents and identify knowledge gaps.Methods: A systematic search of the literature according to the PRISMA guidelines was conducted on the databases Pubmed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, SportDiscus, and PsycInfo from their inception date till March 2021. Additionally, Google Scholar and refence lists of relevant publications were searched. A descriptive analysis of results was conducted.Results: The literature search identified a total of N = 1,215 records, 11 of which met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed in this review. A total of 621 participants aged 4 to 15 years participated in the studies. Exercise interventions included sport-specific activities, motor-coordinative exercises, high-intensity functional training or spatial orientation/navigation training. Five studies evaluated training effects on mental rotation performance (i.e., Mental Rotation Test), four studies investigated visuo-spatial working memory function/spatial memory (i.e., Corsi Block Test, Virtual Reality Morris Water Maze) and two studies tested spatial orientation capacity (i.e., Orientation-Running Test). Overall, results show a potential for improvement of spatial abilities through physical exercise interventions. However, keeping the diversity of study designs, populations and outcomes in mind, findings need to be interpreted with care.Conclusions: Despite growing interest on the effects of physical exercise interventions on spatial abilities and promising findings of available studies, evidence to date remains limited. Future research is needed to establish how spatial ability development of healthy children and adolescents can be positively supported.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the relationship between spatial abilities and anatomy learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-144
Author(s):  
Mustafa Aydın ◽  
Mehmet Tuğrul Yılmaz ◽  
Muzaffer Şeker
Keyword(s):  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Spatial Ability ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Spatial Abilities ◽  
School Students ◽  
Mental Rotation Test ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the spatial abilities of medical school students and their learning in anatomy. Methods: The spatial abilities of the 120 students (74 females, 46 males) were examined using Mental Rotation Test (MRT). The relationship between the mental rotation scores and the mean scores of their practical and theoretical anatomy examinations was determined in terms of gender. Results: The study revealed that mental rotation skills of female participants were lower than males; however, there was no significant difference in their exam (theoretical and practical anatomy examinations) scores in terms of gender. The spatial ability of the students had a low level significant effect on their anatomy scores, regarding practical applications. Conclusion: The results of the study revealed a significant relationship between students’ spatial ability and their success in practical anatomy examinations. This suggests that improving spatial ability skills may have a significant contribution to practical anatomy learning and may be considered as a part of anatomy education.

What's So Special About Spatial?

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-73
Author(s):  
Cigdem Uz Bilgin ◽  
Melat R. Anteneh ◽  
Meredith Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Spatial Ability ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Spatial Abilities ◽  
Spatial Skills ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Spatial Assessment ◽  
Spatial Understanding ◽  
Excellent Tool

Virtual reality (VR) technology has been steadily used for research purposes over the past few decades and is now gaining attraction in educational settings. Spatial understanding of learners is one of these research topics. Although there are plenty of studies focusing on VR and spatial abilities separately, there has not been a comprehensive review of papers that focus specifically on both VR and spatial ability. To address this question, an electronic search of articles from 2015 to 2019 was conducted that found 923 articles, 26 of which met the criteria of specifically discussing 'spatial abilities' and 'VR environments'. Eleven out of 26 articles reported the reason for using VR as a spatial assessment tool. The most frequently-mentioned spatial ability that was studied was mental rotation ability. This review revealed a special link between spatial ability and VR. VR can be both diagnostic and therapeutic for spatial skills; VR is an excellent tool for examining spatial ability in individuals and also individuals can enhance their spatial abilities through using virtual reality.

Development of Spatial Abilities in Engineering Education: An Empirical Study of the Influence of Visualisation Media

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Zorn ◽  
Kilian Gericke
Keyword(s):  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Spatial Abilities ◽  
Design Engineering ◽  
Spatial Skills ◽  
Mental Rotation Test ◽  
Technical Drawing ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Drawing Tasks ◽  
Critical Components

Abstract Spatial ability is one of the critical components of human intelligence. It has been proven that it is particularly crucial for success, especially in engineering, where interpreting views of an object presented by drawings, visualizing parts, or manipulating geometry in CAD are fundamental skills. Research has confirmed that spatial skills can be improved through instruction and teaching, for example, sketching and technical drawing, which are also included in the basic engineering classes. This study tested the hypothesis that the development of spatial skills during the fundamental design engineering class can be positively influenced due to the use of different visualization media for sketching and technical drawing tasks, whereas the used visualization media offer varying possibilities of interaction. Seventy students were pre- and post-tested with the Mental Rotation Test. All participants received the same training during the class but were given individual tasks with varying media. The analysis revealed a significant increase in mental rotation performance for all participants throughout the semester with a big effect size. Moreover, the mean performance improvement differed considerably depending on the visualization media and its offered interaction possibilities.

Mental rotation training: transfer and maintenance effects on spatial abilities

2015 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Meneghetti ◽  
Erika Borella ◽  
Francesca Pazzaglia
Keyword(s):  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Training Transfer ◽  
Spatial Abilities

scholarly journals Students’ Spatial Reasoning in Solving Geometrical Transformation Problems

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-51
Author(s):  
Serli Evidiasari ◽  
Subanji Subanji ◽  
Santi Irawati
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Spatial Orientation ◽  
Spatial Reasoning ◽  
Spatial Visualization ◽  
School Students ◽  
Data Resource ◽  
Data Process ◽  
Geometrical Transformation ◽  
Transformation Problems

This study describes spatial reasoning of senior high school students in solving geometrical transformation problems. Spatial reasoning consists of three aspects: spatial visualization, mental rotation, and spatial orientation. The approach that is used in this study is descriptive qualitative. Data resource is the test result of reflection, translation, and rotation problems then continued by interview. Collecting data process involves 35 students. They are grouped to three spatial reasoning aspects then selected one respondent to be the most dominant of each aspect. The results of this study are: (1) the students with spatial visualization aspect used drawing strategy and non-spatial strategy in solving geometrical transformation problems. She transformed every vertex of the object and drew assistance lines which connect every vertex of the object to center point; (2) the students with mental rotation aspect used holistic and analytic strategies in solving geometrical transformation problems. Using holistic strategy means imagining the whole of transformational objects to solve easy problems. While using analytic strategy means transforming some components of objects to solve hard problems; (3) the students with spatial orientation didn’t involve mental imagery and she only could determine the position and orientation of the object in solving geometrical transformation problems

Survival Training Effects on Oxidative Stress and Muscle Damage Biomarkers of Naval Cadets

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (9) ◽  
pp. 720-724
Author(s):  
Andrzej Tomczak ◽  
Ewa Jówko ◽  
Paweł Różański
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Initial Level ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxides ◽  
Naval Academy ◽  
Training Effects ◽  
Damage Indicators

INTRODUCTION: It is important for military commanders to know the extent of fatigue experienced by soldiers undergoing a long-term military training. This knowledge can enable them to determine the level of physical capabilities of soldiers. The present study aimed to evaluate changes in the level of chosen biochemical parameters in blood during the survival training of Polish Naval Academy cadets. METHODS: Participating voluntarily in the research study were 14 cadets. All subjects were men, ages 23.1 2.0 yr. During the 36-h survival training, the subjects were deprived of sleep. The following biochemical parameters were assessed in venous blood collected from the cadets: creatine kinase (CK) activity, concentration of lipid hydroperoxides (LOOHs), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx). RESULTS: After 36 h of training a significant increase was observed in CK (from 183.1 up to 530.2 U L1), LOOHs (from 1.72 up to 3.74 mol L1), and GPx (from 27.4 up to 36.4 U gHb1). After 12 h of rest, the level of LOOHs returned to the initial level, GPx activity did not change significantly, and CK activity was significantly higher than those at baseline (422.3 U L1). DISCUSSION: The 36-h survival training increased oxidative stress, which contributed to the damage to muscle cells in the group of cadets of the Polish Naval Academy. The intensity of postexercise changes in the level of oxidative damage indicators is dependent on the initial level of enzymatic antioxidant defense. The 12-h recovery proved to be too short to regenerate the damaged muscle tissue. Tomczak A, Jówko E, Różański P. Survival training effects on oxidative stress and muscle damage biomarkers of naval cadets. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(9):720724.

Dynamic Assessment of Spatial Abilities of Young Children: Effects of Gender and Task Characteristics

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Tzuriel ◽  
Gila Egozi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Dynamic Assessment ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Spatial Visualization ◽  
Spatial Abilities ◽  
Task Characteristics ◽  
Verbal Abilities ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Ground Test ◽  
Gender Groups

The main objectives of this study were to investigate: (a) gender differences in spatial abilities of kindergartners, (b) the effects of a teaching, using dynamic assessment (DA), on cognitive modifiability of spatial abilities, and (c) the effects of task characteristics (rotation, symmetry, complexity) on mental rotation performance. Thirty two boys and 32 kindergarten girls, 5 to 6 years old, were administered the Spatial Relations subtest (PMA), the Mental Rotation subtest (CMB), the Visual Figure Ground test, and the Dynamic Embedded Figures Test. The results revealed a significant pre- to postteaching improvement in mental rotation and spatial visualization in both gender groups. Boys showed higher performance than girls on easy preteaching mental rotation tasks but the girls closed the gap on the postteaching test. On difficult mental rotation tasks (e.g., higher rotation or higher complexity) boys and girls showed similar pre-teaching performance, but boys showed higher performance than girls on the postteaching test. Pearson correlations between spatial and verbal abilities were higher among girls than among boys — a result which was explained by the girls’ tendency to use their verbal abilities for solving spatial problems, especially for the spatial visualization tasks. Boys tended to separate between the two domains and use a holistic spatial strategy.

Climbing Sports Effect Specific Visual-Spatial Abilities

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Pietsch ◽  
Petra Jansen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
Spatial Visualization ◽  
Spatial Abilities ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Sport Climbing ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract Physically active people show better visual-spatial abilities than physically inactive people. Especially athletes with response times based on competition times, such as wrestling, outperform other athletes. This quasi-experimental study examines the relationship of long-term activity in sport climbing, which is a typical non-response time-based leisure activity, and mental rotation and spatial visualization performance. Climbers outperformed other athletes in mental rotation, but not in spatial visualization tasks. That could be based on their experience with mainly holistic movement patterns.

Spatial Abilities in Prepubertal Intellectually Gifted Boys and Genetic Polymorphisms Related to Testosterone Metabolism

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Celec ◽  
Daniela Ostatníková ◽  
Zuzana Holešová ◽  
Gabriel Minárik ◽  
Andrej Ficek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Genetic Polymorphisms ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Spatial Visualization ◽  
Spatial Abilities ◽  
Testosterone Metabolism ◽  
Salivary Testosterone ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Intellectually Gifted ◽  
Prepubertal Boys

Spatial abilities are known to be related to testosterone levels in men. Polymorphisms of genes related to androgen metabolism, however, have not been previously analyzed in association with spatial abilities. Our study analyzes genetic polymorphisms of androgen receptor (AR), aromatase (CYP19), and 5-alpha reductase (SRD5A2) in relation to mental rotation and spatial visualization in prepubertal intellectually gifted boys. DNA samples of 36 boys with an average age of 10.0 ± 0.7 years and an IQ higher than 130 were isolated from buccal cells in saliva. DNA was subsequently used for amplification by PCR. The CYP19 C1558-T polymorphism and SRD5A2 A49T polymorphism were determined by RFLP analysis, and the AR (CAG)n polymorphism was determined by fragment analysis. Salivary testosterone levels were measured with radioimmunoassay. Spatial abilities (mental rotation and spatial visualization) were assessed using standard psychometric tests. AR and CYP19 polymorphisms were not associated with spatial abilities. Heterozygotes in A49T polymorphisms (AT) of SRD5A2 had significantly better results in both mental rotation and spatial visualization tests compared to AA homozygotes. TT homozygotes were not found. The T allele of A49T polymorphism of the SRD5A2 was reported to have a 5-fold increased activity in comparison to the A allele. AT heterozygotes outscored AA homozygotes in tests of spatial performance. Since dihydrotestosterone – the product of 5-alpha reductase catalyzed reaction – has a higher affinity to AR, this might indicate a potential molecular mechanism for the influence of SRD5A2 polymorphism on spatial abilities in intellectually gifted prepubertal boys.

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