scholarly journals Changes and Trends in Total Yearly Precipitation of the Antalya District, Turkey

2014 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 586-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Türkan Bayer Altın ◽  
Belma Barak
Keyword(s):  
Yearly Precipitation

scholarly journals Changes in Frequency of Occurrence of Yearly Precipitation Anomalies in the Lublin Region in the Second Half of the 20th Century

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
Szczepan Mrugała ◽  
Krzysztof Siwek
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Anomaly ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Positive Anomaly ◽  
Precipitation Anomalies ◽  
Yearly Precipitation

Abstract The aim of this paper is to characterise changes in frequency of occurrence of anomalous yearly sums of atmospheric precipitation in the Lublin region in the period 1951-2000. In the second half of the 20th century negative precipitation anomaly occurred in a larger number of stations than the positive anomaly. Particularly strong anomalies were observed in two decades (1951-1960 and 1981-1990). However, during two following decades (1961-1970 and 1971-1980) the positive anomaly occurred in more stations.

scholarly journals The water budget of an amazonian rain forest

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cari F. Jordan ◽  
Jochen Heuveldop
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Water Budget ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Rio Negro ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Stem Flow ◽  
Amazonian Rain Forest ◽  
San Carlos ◽  
Yearly Precipitation

Abstract In a tropical rain forest near San Carlos de Rio Negro, Venezuela, average yearly precipitation from September 1, 1975, through August 31, 1977 was 3664 mm. Throughfall was 87% of precipitation, stem flow was 8%, transpiration was 47%, evaporation from leaf surfaces was 5%, and sub-surface runoff was 48%. These results conform closely to the prediction of Marques et al. (1977) that 48% of the precipitation that falls on the central Amazon Basin is derived from evapotranspiration within the Basin.

EFFECTS OF RUN-OFF PREVENTION AND LEACHING WATER ON A SALINE SOIL

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred M. Sandoval ◽  
C. W. Carlson ◽  
R. H. Mickelson ◽  
Leo Benz
Keyword(s):  
Saline Soil ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Winter Precipitation ◽  
Red River ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Applied Water ◽  
Red River Valley ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Summer Rain ◽  
Yearly Precipitation

A 4-year study was conducted on the effects of precipitation management on salt movement and spring wheat yields on an imperfectly drained saline silt loam in the northern Red River Valley of North Dakota. Partial leaching by artificially applied water at the beginning of the experiment was compared to leaching benefits by impounded precipitation. Average monthly water table fluctuated from 2 to 11 feet with rainfall and was usually lowest in late winter or spring and highest during the summer. Average yearly precipitation is 20 inches.Impounded precipitation was found effective in partially desalinizing the soil. Summer rain was more effective than winter precipitation. Wheat yields were inversely related to soil salinity with the highest correlation coefficients occurring on springtime data for the 6- to 16-inch depth.

Hydrological aspects of an industrial landfill

2019 ◽  
pp. 225-233
Author(s):  
Pille Kängsepp ◽  
Peter Dahlblom
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
The South ◽  
South West ◽  
Yearly Precipitation ◽  
Help Model ◽  
Hydrologic Evaluation

A water balance for a landfill in the South-West of Sweden has been performed. The waterbalance is based on measured values of leachate and calculated values of potentialevaporation using Penman's equation. The calculations include a period of 6 years (1995-200 I). During this period, the yearly precipitation was 6 I 0-1180 mm in the Halmstad area. Itwas concluded that the total storage of leachate in the landfill and in the ponds increased withtime. If increasing tendency will proceed then the amount of leachate generated might behigher during the next years and similar to results found in the literature. There is a need forthe more physical based model, the Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance (HELP)model, for calculation in order to take into account the top cover soils and vegetationinfluence.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of the relations of climatic characteristics to the quantitative morphometric parameters and the position in the landscape structure

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (40) ◽  
pp. 91-97
Author(s):  
A. Mkrtchian ◽  
P. Shuber
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Geospatial Modeling ◽  
Anova Model ◽  
Yearly Precipitation ◽  
Climatic Characteristics

The comparative analysis is given of the strength and credibility of the modeling of the average monthly temperatures and monthly and yearly precipitation values spatial distribution by multiple regression model utilizing morphometric data, in contrast with the ANOVA model utilizing qualitative data on the position of the meteorological stations in the landscape morphological structure. Key words: climatic field, geospatial modeling, multiple regression, ANOVA, ANCOVA.

Archaeological Investigations in Medicine Creek Reservoir, Nebraska

1949 ◽  
Vol 14 (4Part1) ◽  
pp. 278-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marvin F. Kivett
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Central Plains ◽  
South Central ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
White Settlers ◽  
Yearly Precipitation ◽  
Wide Fluctuation ◽  
White Settlement

The Medicine Creek Valley of south-central Nebraska has for many years been known to contain within its limits important archaeological materials representing various periods of man's occupancy in the Central Plains. The region is climatically near the western limits of successful general farming. While the yearly precipitation averages about 23 inches, records show a variation in total from 11 to 38 inches. (Bason and others, 1939, pp. 4–6). This wide fluctuation in precipitation, often combined with extremely high temperatures during the growing season, makes the area one of agricultural uncertainty. Early White settlement in the valley was often retarded and in some instances completely checked as a result of severe but usually short-period droughts. Prehistoric horticultural groups subsisting in this region were undoubtedly subjected to the same unfavorable conditions. They, like the early- White settlers who were to follow, may have been forced at times to abandon the area temporarily and withdraw to a more favorable one.

The RheaG Weather Generator Algorithm: Evaluation in Four Contrasting Climates from the Iberian Peninsula

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Nadal-Sala ◽  
Carlos A. Gracia ◽  
Santiago Sabaté
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Weather Generator ◽  
Statistical Properties ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Simulated Rain ◽  
Rain Events ◽  
Yearly Precipitation ◽  
Spell Length

AbstractThis paper describes the assumptions, equations, and procedures of the RheaG weather generator algorithm (WGA). RheaG was conceived for the generation of robust daily meteorological time series, whether in static or transient climate conditions. Here we analyze its performance in four Iberian locations—Bilbao, Barcelona, Madrid, and Sevilla—with differentiated climate characteristics. To validate the RheaG WGA, we compared observed and generated meteorological time series’ statistical properties of precipitation, maximum temperature, and minimum temperature for all four locations. We also compared observed and simulated rain events spell length probabilities in all four locations. Finally, RheaG includes two weather generation procedures: one in which monthly mean values for meteorological variables are unconstrained and one in which they are constrained according to a predefined baseline climate variability. Here, we compare the two weather generation procedures included in RheaG using the observed data from Barcelona. Our results present a high agreement in the statistical properties and the rain spell length probabilities between observed and generated meteorological time series. Our results show that RheaG accurately reproduces seasonal patterns of the observed meteorological time series for all four locations, and it is even able to differentiate two climatic seasons in Bilbao that are also present in the observed data. We find a trade-off between generation procedures in which the unconstrained procedure better reproduces the variability of monthly and yearly precipitation than the constrained one, but the constrained procedure is able to keep the same climatic signal across meteorological time series. Thus, the first procedure is more accurate, but the latter is able to maintain spatial autocorrelation among generated meteorological time series.

scholarly journals Gray Water Measurement and Feasibility of Retrieval Using Innovative Technology and Application in Water Resources Management in Isfahan-Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Safieh Javadinejad ◽  
Rebwar Dara ◽  
Forough Jafary
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Gray Water ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Water Measurement ◽  
The City ◽  
Yearly Precipitation

Reuse of wastewater for agriculture and green spaces purposes is significant. A mean yearly precipitation in Esfahan is 150 mm. The drinking waterand agriculture usually used underground resources in the city. Gray waterrecycling is known as a suitable option today. Delivering all the water requirements of a home from refined water rises the cost of water. Whereasthe essential water quality for garden, toilet and irrigation is less than drinking water. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze the evaluation of gray water and estimate the amount of recycle gray water which can use for drinking water with innovation method in Esfahan region in Iran. Previous studies did not measure the value of recycling gray water with new methodof waste water treatment that can use for drinking purpose. In this study,gray water in Esfahan city is measured and technical aspects of its recyclingis examined. Because of the lack of referable guidelines and official technical reports, studies from other similar countries applied in this study andon the basis of which the amount of recoverable gray water was calculated.Evaluations indicates that the overall recovery of gray water in Esfahansaves nine million cubic meters of water. The price of the rial of this valueestablished on water is 190 billion Rials. Given the lack of water sourcesin Esfahan, the recycle of gray water seems to be a good option, howevermore research is required to select a recovery strategy.

scholarly journals Cultivation of Chinese Silvergrass (Miscanthus Sinensis Anderss.) On the East Slovak Lowland as a Potential Source of Raw Material for Energy Purposes

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 146-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavol Porvaz ◽  
Štefan Tóth ◽  
Andrej Marcin
Keyword(s):  
Raw Material ◽  
Energy Crop ◽  
Miscanthus Sinensis ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Organic Sample ◽  
Lower Heating Value ◽  
Full Production ◽  
Yearly Precipitation ◽  
Lower Heating

Abstract A field trial with Miscanthus sinensis Anderss. was performed in Vysoká nad Uhom (average yearly temperature: 9.0°C, yearly precipitation: 584 mm) on Haplic fluvisol (WRB 2006) during 2006-2009. The average dry matter (DM) yield of the above- ground phytomass was 25.63 t/ha/year (excluding establish- ment year when yield was 4.81 t/ha) and had an increasing trend according to production years (14.13, 26.14 and 36.63 t/ha). We achieved in developing a trial stand in the third year of production when the field coverage of 10 thousand rhizomes being planted per hectare was over 80%; however, it can be used as a denser spacing for the earlier performance of stand with full production capability, which means plantation of 12-13 thousand plants per hectare. The average lower heating value of the organic sample of phytomass, as received (LHV) was 15.56 MJ/kg, and according to the trial years were 15.09; 15.80; 15.70; and 15.80 MJ/kg. The amount of total energy value of the produced phytomass per unit area (energy yield) was 1,284.989 GJ/ha, and 72.583, 223.254, 410.398, 578.754 GJ/ha, respectively, in the trial years. The energy yield was exclusively affected (r = 0.999), and the caloric value (LHV) was affected by phytomass yield (r = 0.739). Obtained emission characteristics and the concentration of selected volatiles, and remaining ash, ash content 3.46%, total water 10.65%, carbon 42.49%, hydrogen 5.20%, total sulphur 0.12%, nitrogen 0.55%, silicone 1.17% and chlorine 0.16% have supported the environmentally friendly introduction of Chinese silvergrass, as the energy crop is desirable for the targeted agroecological conditions of Slovakia.

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