Periaortic venous necklace and renal right double arteries; Case report

The case was found on an organic sample consisting of the two kidneys with the renal pedicles and the corresponding segments of the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava. From the inferior face of the left renal vein, on the lower side of the aorta, a venous branch with an upward path of 8.02 mm was detached, passing on the anterior face of the aorta, passing before its right side, in order to end on the left side of the inferior vena cava, 13.9 mm above the end of the left renal vein in the inferior vena cava, this branch thus describing a periaortic ring (necklace), in which on the left side of the aorta the inferior adrenal vein ends. The periaortic ring (necklace) had a cross-sectional dimension of 3.2 mm and a vertical one of 1.7 cm. On the right side of the aorta, a 2.9 mm venous branch came out of the renal vein, ending on the left side of the inferior vena cava, 1.2 mm above the end of the left renal vein. At the level of the right kidney there were two renal arteries, superior and inferior. Between the two arteries there was an interval of 5.1 cm.

The AMS technique as an important tool for the measurement of astrophysical cross sections

Accelerator Mass Spectrometry is a technique commonly used to approach low concentrations of certain long half-life radioisotopes. The most important contribution of the technique is the accurate measure of organic sample ages, by separating masses 12,13 and 14 in the case of carbon allocated in such samples. However, the reach of AMS could cover many other scientific scopes, since it can give us a precise measure of a very small concentration of a radioisotope. On this direction, AMS can be used to approach reactions of interest for astrophysics, if we spot an specific radioisotope which concentration can be measure with AMS. Starting with this, we have selected specific reactions involving 14C, 10Be and 26Al, produced with slow neutrons from a reactor and positive ions at an accelerator. The main idea is to produce a particular reaction and later to measure the radioisotopic concentration using AMS. In this study our first results for 14C and 10Be nuclei produced with neutrons, and the preliminary results for 26Al nuclei produced with deuterium are shown.

Mass spectrometry coupled with vacuum thermal desorption for enhanced volatile organic sample analysis

Developing a vacuum thermal desorption mass spectrometry method to facilitate analysis of volatile organic samples.

Estimation of Friction Force in Minimally Invasive Surgery with Tactile Sensors

This study investigates coefficient of friction of flat-tipped laparoscopic surgery tool (bowel grasper) in an ex vivo experiment in order to identify the approximate coefficient of friction between laparoscopic tool and the organic sample. The estimation of friction force is essential for ensuring safe grasping. The friction tribometer and the laparoscopic grasper setup were the two experimental setups to conclude the friction of the tool in the absence tactile sensor. The measurement of the pinch force and estimation of the friction force from the measured pinch force and the coefficient of friction is suitable for novice surgeon training.

Performance improvement of temperature compensation in near infrared analysis of orange sweetness by applying direct standardization

Near infrared spectroscopy is a non-destructive technique used for measuring and analyzing chemical compositions in an organic sample. The calibration equation and spectrum are used for calculating the prediction result. In this case, the spectrum provides very important data; therefore, the accuracy of the near infrared prediction system depends on the sample preparation because the spectrum is sensitive to physical property conditions such as sample temperature. When the sample temperature has changed, the absorption peak will be shifted nonlinearly in both the absorption value and wavelengths around 840 nm and 940 nm (in the short regions). Consequently, if applying a calibration model developed from spectra of a constant sample temperature by using a linear multivariate data analysis to predict the samples with different temperature conditions, the average of difference between actual values and predicted values (bias) will occur. Therefore, the objective of this research was to develop a spectra temperature compensation method namely the temperature compensation coefficient method by applying direct standardization algorithm. By the use of temperature compensation coefficient, the temperature effect can be solved and the accurate prediction results can be obtained. Moreover, the performance of temperature compensation coefficient was investigated and compared with the fixed temperature and three compensation methods, such as generalized least squares weighting, external parameter orthogonalization, and global calibration. The results indicated that temperature compensation coefficient method and the global calibration gave the best result with high accuracy of the lowest bias at 95% confident level.

Improvement of Cochineal Extract (Dactylopius coccus Costa) Properties Based on the Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles for Application in Organic Devices

The UV-Vis absorption and conductivity properties of the organic sample cochineal (Dactylopius coccus Costa) were modified by using it as a reducing agent in the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles. This was done in a straightforward way in order to allow its possible application in organic devices. The biosynthesized solution exhibited a hybrid material with a UV-Vis absorbance range from 205 to 650 nm. The sizes of silver nanoparticles of the hybrid material were between 5 and 10 nm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed silver structures, when samples were dried at 100°C. At 40°C, the structures detected were chlorargyrite (AgCl) and silver oxide (Ag2O). The nucleation and subsequent growth of the hybrid thin film on the substrates indicated an increase of clusters and roughness in comparison to thin films made solely from cochineal. The thin films of hybrid materials showed an improvement of 40% in their electrical potential. The stability at room temperature demonstrated that the hybrid material could be useful as a potential candidate for photoactive thin films in organic devices.