Seed weight mediates effects of pollen on berry weight, ripening, and anthocyanin content in highbush blueberry

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 ◽  
pp. 110313
Author(s):  
Kenichi Doi ◽  
Ryutaro Inoue ◽  
Naoto Iwasaki
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Berry Weight

scholarly journals Genetic Differentiation in Anthocyanin Content among Berry Fruits

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-51
Author(s):  
Alicja Ponder ◽  
Ewelina Hallmann ◽  
Martyna Kwolek ◽  
Dominika Średnicka-Tober ◽  
Renata Kazimierczak
Keyword(s):  
Essential Role ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Skin Pigmentation ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Healthy Nutrition ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Berry Fruits ◽  
Red Currant

Anthocyanins are widely distributed secondary metabolites that play an essential role in skin pigmentation of many plant organs and microorganisms. Anthocyanins have been associated with a wide range of biological and pharmacological properties. They are also effective agents in the prevention and treatment of many chronic diseases. Berries are particularly abundant in these compounds; therefore, their dietary intake has health-promoting effects. The aim of this study was to identify and determine the anthocyanin content in selected species and cultivars of berry fruits, such as raspberry, blackberry, red currant, blackcurrant, and highbush blueberry, widely consumed by Europeans. The concentrations of anthocyanins were determined by HPLC, identifying individual compounds: cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside, cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, delphinidin-3-O-galactoside, cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, and malvidin-3-O-galactoside. The experimental data showed that the selected species and cultivars of berry fruits differ significantly in the contents of anthocyanins. Among all species tested, blackberry and blackcurrant were characterized significantly by the highest content of anthocyanins (sum), while the lowest content was found in red currant fruits. Additionally, the content of individual anthocyanin compounds in particular species and cultivars was also different. Considering the high content of anthocyanins and their potential positive impact on human health and protection against disease, berries should be part of healthy nutrition.

ETHEPHON AS A CHEMICAL HARVESTING AID FOR THE LATE SEASON HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY COVILLE

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 1099-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. FORSYTH ◽  
D. L. CRAIG ◽  
R. STARK
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Titratable Acid ◽  
Berry Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Solids Content

Single applications of ethephon (1,000 pm) were made at three treatment dates to 20-yr-old Coville highbush blueberry plants. Berry weight, titratable acid, soluble solids content and yield were recorded. Average weight per berry was not consistently different in treated berries than in untreated but in both years the second and third sprays decreased the mean berry weight faster than occurred in the controls or first spray. Total yield was only slightly affected by treatment, indicating that a yield reduction would not be expected through the use of ethephon. Ethephon increased the rate at which the soluble solids and titratable acid (as citric) reached the normal level for ripe fruit.

scholarly journals Interspecific and Intraspecific Pollination Effects in Rabbiteye and Southern Highbush Blueberry

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Creighton L. Gupton ◽  
James M. Spiers
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Blue Ridge ◽  
Vaccinium Ashei ◽  
Berry Weight ◽  
Cape Fear ◽  
Southern Highbush ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Partial Diallel

To determine the effects of pollen source on blueberry production, we made a partial diallel set of crosses involving seven rabbiteye (Vaccinium ashei Reade) and seven southern highbush (SH; V. corymbosum L.) parents. Pollination of rabbiteye blueberry flowers with SH pollen reduced fruit set, seeds per berry, and berry weight and increased fruit development period (FDP) compared to pollination with rabbiteye pollen. Pollination of SH flowers with rabbiteye pollen resulted in about the same fruit set and FDP but fewer seeds per berry and slightly lower berry weight compared to intraspecific pollination. Self-pollination significantly decreased the number of seeds per berry and berry weight and increased FDP in SH. Pollination of rabbiteye and SH flowers with mixed pollen produced the same results as intraspecific pollination. Using `Tifblue' and `Baldwin' (rabbiteye) as the pollen parent significantly increased FDP in rabbiteye blueberry. Using `Georgiagem' and `Cape Fear' as pollen parents produced the longest FDP, and using `O'Neal' and `Gulfcoast' produced the shortest FDP in SH blueberry. The heaviest berries were produced by using `Blue Ridge', `O'Neal', and `Gulfcoast' (SH) as pollen parents on SH females. These results suggest that xenia possibly could be used to increase yield and reduce FDP in blueberry.

scholarly journals Effects of Fertilizer Rate and Form on Vegetative Growth and Yield of Southern Highbush Blueberry in Pine Bark Culture

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.G. Williamson ◽  
E.P. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Root Systems ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Liquid Fertilizer ◽  
Berry Weight ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Southern Highbush

Growth and yield of ‘Misty’ and ‘Star’ southern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum hybrid) plants that were grown in pine bark culture were evaluated under several rates of granular or liquid fertilizers. Granular fertilizer resulted in larger canopy volumes and slightly greater annual fruit yield than liquid fertilizer. In 2003 and 2004, canopy growth increased linearly as fertilizer rate increased up to the highest rate tested [81 g nitrogen (N), 11.8 g phosphorus (P), and 44.6 g potassium (K) per plant per year]. Similarly, a positive relationship was found for fruit yield and fertilizer rate during all 3 years. Berry yield was positively correlated with canopy size, and there was no relationship between fertilizer rate and berry yield per canopy volume, indicating that yield and canopy volume increased proportionally with increased fertilizer rate. Mean ‘Star’ berry weight was greater for granular fertilizer treatments than for liquid fertilizer treatments, but mean berry weight of ‘Misty’ was unaffected by fertilizer form. At the end of the experiment, visual examination of eight plants excavated by hand indicated that root systems of blueberry plants were primarily located in the pine bark layer with very few roots penetrating into the underlying soil. Limited water and nutrient holding capacities of pine bark, coupled with frequent irrigations to the shallow root systems in pine bark culture, probably resulted in considerable nutrient leaching and a high fertilizer requirement.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Rate Response on `Cape Fear' Southern Highbush Blueberry

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 555A-555
Author(s):  
Manjula Carter ◽  
John R. Clark ◽  
Mike Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
Berry Weight ◽  
Cape Fear ◽  
Southern Highbush ◽  
N Rates

The southern highbush blueberry is a hybrid of Vaccinium corymbosum L. and one or more southern-adapted Vaccinium species. The southern highbush is advantageous to blueberry growers in the South since its fruit ripen 1 to 4 weeks in advance of traditional rabbiteye (V. ashei Reade) cultivars. Only limited research has been done on cultural aspects of southern highbush production. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum nitrogen rate for the southern highbush blueberry. A planting of pine straw-mulched `Cape Fear' blueberry was established in 1994 at the Southwest Research and Extension Center, Hope, Ark. Nitrogen rate treatments (0, 67, 134, 202, 269 kg·ha-1 N) were applied annually over a 3-year period (1997-99) with urea as the N source. Soil samples were taken prior to N fertilization to determine if N applied the previous year influenced current soil analysis values. Foliar elemental composition, fruit yield and individual berry weight were also determined for each treatment. Soil analysis indicated that the carryover effect of N applications from previous years was minimal. However, a possible decline in soil pH, Ca, and Mg over time at the higher N rates indicated that these variables should be closely monitored. No consistent relationship was evident between N application rate and soil nitrate. Nitrogen application rate did not have any consistent impact on yield, berry weight or foliar elemental composition. However, based on foliar N, the data indicate that N rates of 67-134 kg·ha-1 N are adequate for southern highbush in mulched culture.

Relation between berry weight, number of seeds per berry and 100-seed weight in potato inflorescences

1995 ◽  
Vol 61 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J.M. Almekinders ◽  
J.H. Neuteboom ◽  
P.C. Struik
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Berry Weight ◽  
Weight Number ◽  
100 Seed Weight ◽  
Number Of Seeds

scholarly journals Estimation Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance of Mutant Black Rice (M6)

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Sofian ◽  
Nandariyah Nandariyah ◽  
Djati Waluyo Djoar ◽  
Sutarno Sutarno
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Black Rice ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Sixth Generation ◽  
Significant Difference

A better understanding of variability in plant populations is crucial for crop improvement which plant breeders can use through selection. This study aimed to determine selection criteria for the sixth generation of black rice through genetic variability, heritability value and genetic advance. This research was conducted from March to July 2018 at Pakahan Village, Jogonalan Sub-district, Klaten Regency, Central Java, using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The variables observed were plant height, total number of tillers and productive tillers, panicle length, number of seeds per panicle, panicle intensity index, weight per panicle, 1,000 seed weight, seed weight per plant, flowering age, harvest age, plot yield, yield per hectare, rice color and total anthocyanin content. Variance analysis showed that there was a very significant difference (p <0.01) among the genotypes tested for all observed characters indicating variability. In this study, the phenotypic coefficient of variance (PCV) values was relatively higher than the genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV) for all traits. However, GCV values were close to PCV values in some characters such as plant height, flowering age, harvest age, rice color and anthocyanin content which showed a high contribution of genotypic effects to the phenotypic expression of these characters. The high heritability and high average value of genetic advance were indicated in the parameters of plant height, flowering age, harvest age, rice color and anthocyanin content. The characters of plant height, flowering age, harvest age, rice color and anthocyanin content can be used as sixth-generation black rice selection criteria.

scholarly journals Thermal Cooling with Sprinklers or Microsprinklers Reduces Heat Damage and Improves Fruit Quality in Northern Highbush Blueberry

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 1365-1371
Author(s):  
Fan-Hsuan Yang ◽  
David R. Bryla ◽  
Scott T. Orr ◽  
Bernadine C. Strik ◽  
Yanyun Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Experimental Site ◽  
Heat Damage ◽  
Berry Weight ◽  
Northern Highbush Blueberry

Hot and sunny weather can cause a considerable amount of fruit damage in northern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) and result in millions of dollars of crop loss each year. To combat this issue, many growers use over-canopy sprinkler or microsprinkler systems to cool the fruit, but questions remain on the amount of time and frequency these systems should be run and whether they have any effect on fruit quality. Two series of studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of using sprinklers or microsprinklers for reducing blueberry fruit temperature and improving fruit quality in western Oregon. With sprinklers, treatments were applied in 2014 and 2015 to ‘Elliott’ blueberry and included irrigation (night) and cooling (day) with sprinklers, sprinkler irrigation (at night only) with no cooling, and drip irrigation with no cooling. The sprinklers were run for cooling for 15 minutes every hour whenever air temperature was ≥32 or 35 °C. Berry temperature declined rapidly within the first 15 minutes of cooling and never exceeded ambient air temperature during the cooling cycles. While the percentage of fruit with heat damage was low even without cooling (<2%), cooling reduced damage to nearly 0% in 1 of 2 years and increased berry weight relative to no cooling in both years when it was run at ≥32 °C. Cooling also reduced the concentration of soluble solids (sugars) in the berries in 2014 but had no effect on yield, fruit firmness, titratable acidity, harvest date, or the total content of phenolics or anthocyanins in the berries in either year. With microsprinklers, cooling was tested at a commercial farm and at an experimental site. At the farm, 1.3-ha blocks of ‘Aurora’ blueberry were irrigated by drip and either had no cooling or were cooled using microsprinklers run continuously or pulsed in 1-hour or 20-minute cycles during three extreme heat events (≥35 °C) in 2015. Continuous cooling was the most effective treatment for reducing berry temperature, but it resulted in wetter conditions, which might impede fruit harvest afterward and increase the presence of slugs, insect pests, and fungal diseases. Pulsed cooling, especially with short cycles, effectively maintained fruit temperatures near that of ambient air and reduced water use by 50%. At the experimental site, cooling with microsprinklers, which in this case were pulsed in 20-min cycles when air temperature was ≥ 32 °C, reduced heat damage in ‘Aurora’ and ‘Elliott’ in 2016. Cooling at this site also increased berry weight by an average of 10% in both cultivars and increased fruit firmness by 32% during the first of three harvests in ‘Aurora’; however, it reduced the concentration of soluble solids in the berries in both cultivars. In general, cooling with microsprinklers used considerably less water than cooling with sprinklers, but it appeared to be equally effective at reducing berry temperature.

scholarly journals Southern Highbush Blueberry Response to Mulch

1991 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R Clark ◽  
J.N. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
First Year ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Trickle Irrigation ◽  
Pine Sawdust ◽  
Berry Weight ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Cape Fear ◽  
Southern Highbush

Blue Ridge, Cape Fear, Georgiagem, and O Neal southern highbush blueberry cultivars were grown for 5 years on a fine sandy loam soil in a comparison of plants either mulched with uncomposted pine sawdust and woodchips or nonmulched. Other cultural practices were identical and all plants received the same amount of trickle irrigation. A significant mulch × cultivar interaction for yield and mulch × plant age interactions for yield, individual berry weight, and plant volume were found. Cape Fear was the highest-yielding mulched cultivar, followed by Blueridge, Georgiagem, and O Neal. Mulched plants had higher yields and produced larger plants. Average individual berry weight was greater for mulched plants in the first year of harvest, but not different among treatments in other years. The data reveal that these southern highbush cultivars performed similar to northern highbush (Vaccinicum corymbosum L.) in their need for mulching for adequate production on upland soils.

scholarly journals Highbush Blueberry Cultivars Differ in the Relationship between Seed Number and Berry Weight during the Harvest Season

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1728-1736
Author(s):  
Bernadine C. Strik ◽  
Amanda J. Vance
Keyword(s):  
Seed Set ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Parthenocarpic Fruit ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Berry Weight ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Marketable Size ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The relationship between individual berry weight and viable seed number of small- (<15 mm), medium- (15–19 mm), and large-diameter (>19 mm) berries was studied over 2 years in nine cultivars (Aurora, Bluecrop, Bluegold, Draper, Duke, Liberty, Legacy, Ozarkblue, and Reka) through their harvest seasons. Plants were grown with two different preplant amendment-mulch treatments, but this treatment had no effect on the variables measured, so data were pooled. The highest average seeds/berry was in ‘Bluecrop’ (55.5) and ‘Duke’ (50.0) and the lowest in ‘Bluegold’ (17.1), ‘Aurora’ (22.5), and ‘Liberty’ (23.5). Average berry weight over the fruiting season ranged from 1.79 and 1.80 g for ‘Liberty’ and ‘Reka’, respectively, to 2.30 and 2.44 g in ‘Ozarkblue’ and ‘Draper’, respectively. The average number of seeds/berry was higher in 2010 than in 2009 for all cultivars, ranging from 14% higher in ‘Reka’ to 96% higher in ‘Liberty’. The flowering period was earlier in 2010 than in 2009, but bloom was concentrated in 2009 (28 days) compared with 2010 (45 days), likely affecting pollinator success. In general, seeds/berry and berry weight declined through the harvest season. Some cultivars had a considerable difference in the number of seeds in large-sized than in small-sized berries (e.g., 89%, 107%, 108%, and 147% more seeds in ‘Aurora’, ‘Reka’, ‘Bluegold’, and ‘Liberty’, respectively), whereas others had relatively little difference (14% and 36% in ‘Draper’ and ‘Bluecrop’, respectively). There was a linear relationship between berry weight and viable seeds/berry. Cultivars did not differ in the berry weight per seed (slope of the line) between the 2 years, except for ‘Draper’ (only significant in 2009), ‘Legacy’, and ‘Reka’. ‘Bluegold’ had the greatest berry weight per seed and ‘Reka’ the lowest. The weakest relationship between berry weight and seed number was in ‘Draper’. Cultivars that produced parthenocarpic fruit of marketable size were ‘Aurora’, ‘Bluegold’, and ‘Liberty’. ‘Duke’, ‘Legacy’, ‘Reka’, and ‘Ozarkblue’ produced commercially acceptable fruit (0.75–1.0 g) with fewer than 7 seeds/berry. By contrast, some cultivars required a relatively large number of seeds to produce a berry including ‘Bluecrop’ (28–40 seeds), ‘Draper’ (15–23 seeds), and ‘Legacy’ in 2010 (20 seeds). The number of seeds per berry accounted for as much as 87% of the variability in berry weight indicating the importance of good pollination and seed set for berry weight and yield in these cultivars.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document