Afforestation and deforestation enhanced soil CH4 uptake in a subtropical agricultural landscape: Evidence from multi-year and multi-site field experiments

2019 ◽  
Vol 662 ◽  
pp. 313-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minghua Zhou ◽  
Xiaoguo Wang ◽  
Xiao Ren ◽  
Bo Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Site Field ◽  
Ch4 Uptake

Field Experiments with a Totem Animal

2020 ◽  
pp. 231-268
Author(s):  
Nicolas Langlitz
Keyword(s):  
Human Population ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Small Patch ◽  
Anthropogenic Environment ◽  
Female Immigrants ◽  
Cultural Primatology ◽  
Almost All

This chapter follows Tetsuro Matsuzawa and his coworkers to their outdoor laboratory in Bossou, Guinea. Revered as the totem animal of the Manon and deprived of almost all primary rainforest, the Bossou chimpanzees had learned to live on human crops in an agricultural landscape. In contrast to Christophe Boesch's emphasis on so-called wild cultures, Matsuzawa speculated that historically, this chimpanzee community might have learned from the human population how to crack the oil palm nuts that local farmers cultivated. Field experiments allowed the primatologists to study how female immigrants passed on their knowledge of how to crack other kinds of nuts within the group. At this point, Japanese cultural primatology contradicted the Manon's mythological understanding of “their” apes as a bounded community of nonnatural animals. Chimpanzee road crossings provided an opportunity for a natural — or really “naturecultural” — experiment in an anthropogenic environment. Ethnoprimatologists collaborating with Matsuzawa studied the ecological interface between humans and primates and used their insights for conservationist ends. After a political conflict over the protection of a small patch of primary forest on a sacred hill, the Japanese primatologists took over the Manon's position that the livelihood of the Bossou chimpanzees was better served by plantations than by a nature reserve.

scholarly journals Simulation of growth and development of irrigated cowpea in Piauí State by CROPGRO model

2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1381-1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edson Alves Bastos ◽  
Marcos Vinícius Folegatti ◽  
Rogério Teixeira de Faria ◽  
Aderson Soares de Andrade Júnior ◽  
Milton José Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Site Field ◽  
The Difference

The objective of this work was to adapt the CROPGRO model, which is part of the DSSAT system, for simulating the cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) growth and development under soil and climate conditions of the Baixo Parnaíba region, Piauí State, Brazil. In the CROPGRO, only input parameters that define crop species, cultivars, and ecotype were changed in order to characterize the cowpea crop. Soil and climate files were created for the considered site. Field experiments without water deficit were used to calibrate the model. In these experiments, dry matter (DM), leaf area index (LAI), yield components and grain yield of cowpea (cv. BR 14 Mulato) were evaluated. The results showed good fit for DM and LAI estimates. The medium values of R² and medium absolute error (MAE) were, respectively, 0.95 and 264.9 kg ha-1 for DM, and 0.97 and 0.22 for LAI. The difference between observed and simulated values of plant phenology varied from 0 to 3 days. The model also presented good performance for yield components simulation, excluding 100-grain weight, for which the error ranged from 20.9% to 34.3%. Considering the medium values of crop yield in two years, the model presented an error from 5.6%.

scholarly journals Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Forest Soils Reduced by Straw Biochar and Nitrapyrin Applications

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Jinbiao Li ◽  
Jin-Hyeob Kwak ◽  
Scott X. Chang ◽  
Xiaoqiang Gong ◽  
Zhengfeng An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Ch4 Uptake ◽  
Cumulative Co2 Emissions

Forestlands are widely distributed in the dominantly agricultural landscape in western Canada, and they play important ecological functions; such forestlands (e.g., shelterbelts) accumulate soil organic matter and may receive a substantial amount of nitrogen in the form of surface and subsurface runoff from adjacent croplands and become a significant source of emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as CO2, N2O, and CH4. Biochar and nitrapyrin applications could potentially mitigate GHG emissions, but their co-application in forest soils has not been studied. We investigated the effect of the application of biochars produced at low (300 °C; BC300) and high temperatures (700 °C; BC700) using canola (Brassica napus L.) straw and the effect of their co-application with nitrapyrin on GHG emissions and soil properties in a 35-day laboratory incubation experiment using forest soils collected from five shelterbelt sites. Results showed no significant interaction effect of biochar and nitrapyrin on the global warming potential (GWP) of the GHG emissions, and the GWP was 15.8% lower in the soil with nitrapyrin than without nitrapyrin application treatments. The GWP was significantly enhanced by BC300 addition due to a 26.9% and 627.1% increase in cumulative CO2 and N2O emissions, respectively, over the 35-day incubation. The GWP significantly decreased by BC700 addition due to a 27.1% decrease in cumulative CO2 emissions. However, biochar addition did not affect CH4 emissions, while nitrapyrin decreased CH4 uptake by 50.5%. With BC300 addition, soil-dissolved organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon increased by 26.5% and 33.9%, respectively, as compared to no biochar addition (CK). Soil pH increased by 0.16 and 0.37 units after the addition of BC300 and BC700, respectively. Overall, the effect of biochar and nitrapyrin was independent in mitigating GHG emissions and was related to the type of biochar applied and changes in soil properties.

Miscanthus – a Promising Energy Crop for Industrial Processing

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
S.Yu. Kapustyanchik ◽  
V.N. Yakimenko ◽  
Yu.A. Gismatulina ◽  
V.V. Budaeva
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Energy Crop ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Regions Of Russia

The article presents the results of research on the development of methods for processing energy crops – Miscanthus into industrial products with high added value: paper, ethanol. Data on crop yield and the quality of the resulting cellulose-containing raw materials are presented. In field experiments, the possibility of effective cultivation of perennial Miscanthus plantations in the continental regions of Russia was established. The favorable ecological impact of Miscanthus planting on the agricultural landscape was revealed.

Glyphosate-Resistant Russian-thistle (Salsola tragus) Identified in Montana and Washington

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vipan Kumar ◽  
John F. Spring ◽  
Prashant Jha ◽  
Drew J. Lyon ◽  
Ian C. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Site Field

Two putative glyphosate-resistant (GR) Russian-thistle accessions were collected from fallow fields (wheat-fallow rotation): one from Choteau County, MT (MT-R), and a second from Columbia County, WA (WA-R) in summer/fall of 2015. Greenhouse and outdoor/field whole-plant dose-response studies were conducted to confirm and characterize the levels of glyphosate resistance in these GR accessions relative to known glyphosate-susceptible accessions (MT-S and WA-S from MT and WA, respectively). Based on GR50values of the progeny plants, the MT-R accession exhibited 4.5-fold and 5.9-fold resistance to glyphosate relative to the MT-S accession under greenhouse and outdoor conditions, respectively. The WA-R accession showed 3.0- to 5.0-fold resistance relative to the WA-S accession in greenhouse experiments, and 1.9- to 7.5-fold resistance in multi-site field experiments. In a separate greenhouse study on alternative POST herbicides to control GR Russian-thistle, bicyclopyrone plus bromoxynil, bromoxynil plus fluroxypyr, bromoxynil plus pyrasulfotole, bromoxynil plus MCPA, paraquat alone, paraquat plus metribuzin, saflufenacil alone, saflufenacil plus 2,4-D, and 2,4-D plus bromoxynil plus fluroxypyr provided effective control (≥95%) and shoot dry weight reduction (up to 98%) of GR accessions. This research confirms the first global case of field-evolved GR Russian-thistle. Best management practices (BMPs); including alternative, effective herbicide programs (based on multiple mechanisms of action highlighted in this study) need immediate implementation to prevent further spread of GR or evolution of multiple HR Russian-thistle populations in this region.

Electron Microscopy of the Shape of Small Metal Particles

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 300-301
Author(s):  
M. Jose Yacaman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Metal Particle ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Metal Particles ◽  
Bragg Condition ◽  
Crystal Particle ◽  
Small Metal Particle ◽  
Small Metal Particles

In the Study of small metal particles the shape is a very Important parameter. Using electron microscopy Ino and Owaga(l) have studied the shape of twinned particles of gold. In that work electron diffraction and contrast (dark field) experiments were used to produce models of a crystal particle. In this work we report a method which can give direct information about the shape of an small metal particle in the amstrong- size range with high resolution. The diffraction pattern of a sample containing small metal particles contains in general several systematic and non- systematic reflections and a two-beam condition can not be used in practice. However a N-beam condition produces a reduced extinction distance. On the other hand if a beam is out of the bragg condition the effective extinction distance is even more reduced.

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