Laboratory analysis on the surface runoff pollution reduction performance of permeable pavements

Permeable pavements have the ability to reduce surface runoff by allowing water to infiltrate into the underlying soil. The potential of permeable pavements to assist in managing stormwater and improve water quality has gained attention as an option, other than conventional impermeable concrete for paving purposes. This study examined the permeability of three different pavement systems, including the JW Eco-technology pavement (JW), which has not previously been installed or studied in the U.S., standard impermeable concrete (IC), and pervious concrete (PC). Each pavement type was installed in triplicate. Devices based on the ASTM C1701/C1701M and ASTM C1781/C1781M constant-head methods, the National Center for Asphalt Technology (NCAT) falling-head permeameter, and two new square frames, SF-4 and SF-9, modified to fit the JW pavement, were utilized for permeability measurement on several locations of each pavement system. The results showed that the JW Eco-technology pavement had comparable permeability to the commonly used PC pavement in each method used. In addition, there was a strong correlation between the permeability measurements of NCAT method and SF-4, and between the ASTM standard and SF-9. The square frames used in this study showed their effectiveness and efficiency in performing permeability measurements. It was also found that the permeability obtained had a pronounced difference in values between the falling head and the constant head methods, with an average ratio ranging from 4.08–6.36.

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The use of simulated rainfall to study the discharge process and the influence factors of urban surface runoff pollution loads

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2015.239 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 72 (3) ◽

pp. 484-490 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Li Qinqin ◽

Chen Qiao ◽

Deng Jiancai ◽

Hu Weiping

Keyword(s):

Surface Runoff ◽

Rainfall Intensity ◽

Influence Factors ◽

Early Period ◽

Urban Surface ◽

Discharge Process ◽

Simulated Rainfall ◽

Surface Dust ◽

Pollution Loads ◽

Runoff Pollution

An understanding of the characteristics of pollutants on impervious surfaces is essential to estimate pollution loads and to design methods to minimize the impacts of pollutants on the environment. In this study, simulated rainfall equipment was constructed to investigate the pollutant discharge process and the influence factors of urban surface runoff (USR). The results indicated that concentrations of total suspended solids (TSS), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) appeared to be higher in the early period and then decreased gradually with rainfall duration until finally stabilized. The capacity and particle size of surface dust, rainfall intensity and urban surface slopes affected runoff pollution loads to a variable extent. The loads of TP, TN and COD showed a positive relationship with the surface dust capacity, whereas the maximum TSS load appeared when the surface dust was 0.0317 g·cm−2. Smaller particle sizes (<0.125 mm) of surface dust generated high TN, TP and COD loads. Increases in rainfall intensity and surface slope enhanced the pollution carrying capacity of runoff, leading to higher pollution loads. Knowledge of the influence factors could assist in the management of USR pollution loads.

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Analysis of Infiltrating Water Characteristics of Permeable Pavements in a Parking Lot at Full Scale

Water ◽

10.3390/w12082081 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 2081 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jaerock Park ◽

Jaehyun Park ◽

Jonghyun Cheon ◽

Jaehyuk Lee ◽

Hyunsuk Shin

Keyword(s):

Surface Runoff ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Rainfall Intensity ◽

Flow Characteristics ◽

Flood Damage ◽

Surface Flow ◽

Permeable Pavements ◽

Water Characteristics ◽

Parking Lot ◽

Apartment Complexes

Impermeable materials are used for parking lots at apartment complexes and large stores which are concentrated in urban areas. These materials increase the amount of surface runoff by blocking infiltration, resulting in flood damage, dry stream phenomena in rivers in urban watersheds, and the depletion of ground water. In this study, a parking lot plot was constructed to quantitatively evaluate the efficiency of pavements using various materials (impermeable concrete, permeable concrete, and permeable block pavement). Four scenarios of rainfall intensity were simulated using a rainfall simulator within each plot (36 mm h−1, 48 mm h−1, 60 mm h−1, 72 mm h−1). The flow was observed by monitoring the system with a bucket flow meter. The efficiency and flow characteristics of the permeable concrete and block pavement were analyzed. The results were used to calculate the ratio of the surface flow to the infiltrating flow between impermeable and permeable pavements. The permeable concrete had a ratio of 1:0.9, and the permeable block pavement had a ratio of 1:0.58.

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Urban evaporation rates for water-permeable pavements

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2010.390 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 62 (5) ◽

pp. 1161-1169 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

P. Starke ◽

P. Göbel ◽

W. G. Coldewey

Keyword(s):

Water Balance ◽

Surface Runoff ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Large Scale ◽

Water Retention Capacity ◽

Rain Event ◽

Evaporative Heat Loss ◽

Permeable Pavements ◽

Cooling Effects ◽

Rain Events

In urban areas the natural water balance is disturbed. Infiltration and evaporation are reduced, resulting in a high surface runoff and a typical city climate, which can lead to floods and damages. Water-permeable pavements have a high infiltration rate that reduces surface runoff by increasing the groundwater recharge. The high water retention capacity of the street body of up to 51 l/m2 and its connection via pores to the surface lead to higher evaporation rates than impermeable surfaces. A comparison of these two kinds of pavements shows a 16% increase in evaporation levels of water-permeable pavements. Furthermore, the evaporation from impermeable pavements is linked directly to rain events due to fast-drying surfaces. Water-permeable pavements show a more evenly distributed evaporation after a rain event. Cooling effects by evaporative heat loss can improve the city climate even several days after rain events. On a large scale use, uncomfortable weather like sultriness or dry heat can be prevented and the urban water balance can be attenuated towards the natural.

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The Concept of Convective Mass Transfer for Prediction of Surface-Runoff Pollution by Soil Surface Applied Chemicals

Transactions of the ASAE ◽

10.13031/2013.31089 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 0906-0912 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Rony Wallach ◽

William A. Jury ◽

William F. Spencer

Keyword(s):

Mass Transfer ◽

Surface Runoff ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Convective Mass Transfer ◽

Runoff Pollution

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The Effect of Urban Land-Use Change on Runoff Water Quality: A Case Study in Hangzhou City

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph182010748 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (20) ◽

pp. 10748

Author(s):

Li Li ◽

Qidi Yu ◽

Ling Gao ◽

Bin Yu ◽

Zhipeng Lu

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Land Use ◽

Water Quality Index ◽

Surface Runoff ◽

Quality Index ◽

Urban Land ◽

Runoff Water ◽

Impervious Area ◽

The Impact ◽

Runoff Pollution

The main functions of this research are to guide the proportion of urban land that is used and the layout of the facilities on it, help understand the changes to surface runoff that are caused by land being used in urban development, and thus solve surface runoff pollution. Hangzhou City, China has been selected for the experiment, and the way in which its land is utilized as well as the grading of urban construction projects in the demonstration area are specifically analyzed. This study systematically distinguishes the definitions of impervious area based on the Sutherland equation and analyzes the impact of different impervious area subtypes on surface runoff water quality. Then, we compare the impact of impervious area subtypes with the impact of other land-use patterns on surface runoff water quality. This study shows the relationship between different land-use types and runoff water bodies: Land-use index can affect runoff water quality; Greening activities, impervious surface, and the water quality index are negatively correlated; the effective impervious area rate is positively correlated with the water quality index. The paper suggests that increasing the proportion of green spaces and permeable roads in build-up land reduces the effective impervious area (EIA) and thus controls land runoff pollution and improves runoff water quality.

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